In most premises of civil and industrial buildings, the noise regime is determined by the presence of unstable noises. Among them, pulse noises of single and periodic action are widespread. Compared to other types of noise, they have more negative effects on the human body. During the operation of buildings, pulse noise is evaluated experimentally using noise meters. If the experimentally determined noise levels exceed the normative values, the development of noise protection measures is required. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed noise protection measures, it is necessary to conduct acoustic calculations. Currently, for non-constant noises, there is no method for calculating maximum levels that ensures compliance between experimental and calculated data. The article proposes a method for calculating the maximum levels of pulsed sound, providing a correspondence between the calculated levels and the levels of pulsed sound obtained experimentally. The technique will make it possible to assess more objectively the acoustic efficiency of the proposed measures to reduce pulse noise.

A.I. ANTONOV^1,2, Doctor of Technical Sciences (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.I. LEDENEV^1,2, Doctor of Technical Sciences (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.V. MATVEEVA², Candidate of Technical Sciences (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
M.A. POROZHENKO¹, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Research Institute of Building Physics of Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivny Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² Tambov State Technical University (106, Sovetskaya Street, Tambov, 392000, Russian Federation)

1. Suvorov G.A., Likhnitsky A.M. Pulse noise and its effect on the human body. Leningrad: Medicina. 1975. 207 p. (In Russian).
2. Abramov A.V., Ovchinnikov A.A., Popov O.B. Methods of isolation and evaluation of abnormal parameters of acoustic noise. Fundamental’nye problemy radioelektronnogo priborostroeniya. 2018. Vol. 18. No. 4, pp. 890–895. (In Russian).
3. Rysin Yu.S. On the influence of abnormal parameters of acoustic signals and noise on a person. T-Comm: Telekommunikatsii i transport. 2015. Vol. 9. No. 5, pp. 54–56. (In Russian). (In Russian).
4. Simukhin V.V. Features of hygienic rationing of pulse noises. Zdorov’e naseleniya i sreda obitaniya. 2014. No. 1 (250), pp. 22–24. (In Russian).
5. Simukhin V.V. Methodological approaches to hygienic regulation of pulsed industrial noise. Ekologiya promyshlennogo proizvodstva. 2014. No. 1 (85), pp. 46–50. (In Russian).
6. Kanshin V.B. Investigation of the impact and consideration of methods of reducing impulse noise on the human body. III All-Russian Conference on noise and vibration control: materials of the abstracts of the section «The effect of noise and vibrations on the body». Chelyabinsk. 1980, pp. 24–27. (In Russian).
7. Antonov A.I., Ledenev V.I., Matveeva I.V., Shubin I.L. Calculations of pulse noise when designing means of its reduction in industrial buildings. Stroitel’stvo i rekonstruktsiya. 2019. No. 3 (83), pp. 22–33. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33979/2073-7416-2019-83-3-22-33
8. Ledenev V.I., Zhogoleva O.A., Porozhenko M.A., Aistov V.A. Investigation of the influence of characteristics of pulse noise sources on the distribution of sound energy in the premises. Sustainable development of the region: architecture, construction and transport. Materials of the VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. Tambov. 2021, pp. 216–218.(In Russian)
9. Batsunova A.V. Calculation of noise fields of industrial premises during operation of periodic noise sources. Voprosy sovremennoi nauki i praktiki. Universitet im. V.I. Vernadskogo. 2015. No. 3 (57), pp. 46–52. (In Russian). DOI: 10.17277/voprosy.2015.03.pp.046-052
10. Antonov A.I., Ledenev V.I., Matveeva I.V., Fedorova O.O. Influence of the nature of sound reflection from fences on the choice of air noise calculation method in civil and industrial buildings. Privolzhskii nauchnyi zhurnal. 2017. No. 2 (42), pp. 16–23. (In Russian).
11. Antonov A.I., Batsunova A.V., Shubin I.L. Conditions determining the processes of formation of the noise regime in closed volumes, and their consideration in assessing the distribution of sound energy in rooms. Privolzhskii nauchnyi zhurnal. 2015. No. 3 (35), pp. 89–96. (In Russian).
12. Antonov A.I., Ledenev V.I., Matveeva I.V., Shubin I.L. Raschety shuma pri proektirovanii shumozashchity v proizvodstvennykh zdaniyakh [Noise calculations in the design of noise protection in industrial buildings]. Moscow-Berlin. 2020. 270 p. (In Russian).
13. Antonov A.I., Batsunova A.V., Shubin I.L. Calculation of non-stationary sound fields of premises with a mirror-diffuse model of sound reflection from fences. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. 2015. No. 6 (53), pp. 71–77. (In Russian).
14. Antonov A.I., Ledenev V.I., Matveeva I.V., Solomatin E.O. Methods for estimating spatiotemporal changes in pulse noise in the design of noise protection in industrial buildings. Privolzhskii nauchnyi zhurnal. 2021. No. 4 (60), pp. 9–16. (In Russian).
15. Antonov A.I., Ledenev V.I., Pirozhenko M.A., Matveeva I.V. Taking into account background noise when designing noise protection in rooms with pulsed sound sources. BST: byulleten’ stroitel’noj tehniki. 2021. No. 11 (1047), pp. 26–28. (In Russian).

The use of BIM technologies in the construction, reconstruction and overhaul of buildings and structures makes it possible to build a comfortable environment for human life from new engineering positions. The materials presented give an assessment of the use of automation of the life cycle of the main engineering systems of buildings and structures. The issues of energy efficiency, resource conservation, both new and multi-apartment residential buildings subject to reconstruction, rehabilitation and major repairs are taken into account from the positions of “smart house” and “smart city”. Automated and informatized systems used today in large cities of our country are proposed and analyzed. Systematized sets of technical means and software integrated into the premises are proposed, which makes it possible to complex management of buildings and adjacent territories.

V.I. RIMSHIN^1,2, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.L. SHUBIN¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.T. EROFEEV³, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.A. AVETISYAN², Master’s Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN)(21,Locomotivny Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (NRU MGSU) (26, Yaroslavskoye Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
³ Mordovian State University named after N.P.Ogarev (MSU named after N.P. Ogarev) (68/1, Bolshevistskaya Street, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia, 430000, Russian Federation)

1. Ямашкин С.А., Ямашкин А.А., Ямашкина Е.О., Занозин В.В. Интеграция знаний в цифровых инфраструктурах пространственных данных. Саранск, 2021.
1. Yamashkin S.A., Yamashkin A.A., Yamashkina E.O., Zanozin V.V. [Integratsiya znanii v tsifrovykh infrastrukturakh prostranstvennykh dannykh] Integration of knowledge in digital spatial data infrastructures. Saransk, 2021. (In Russian).
2. Римшин В.И., Кецко Е.С., Трунтов П.С., Кузина И.С. Энергетическая эффективность при проектировании производственных зданий. В сборнике: Безопасность строительного фонда России. Проблемы и решения: Материалы Международных академических чтений. Курский государственный университет. Курск, 2021. С. 148–161.
2. Rimshin V.I., Ketsko E.S., Truntov P.S., Kuzina I.S. Energy efficiency in the design of industrial buildings. In the collection: Safety of the construction fund of Russia. problems and solutions. materials of International academic readings. Kursk State University. Kursk, 2021. pp. 148–161. (In Russian).
3. Анпилов С.М., Римшин В.И., Ерышев В.А., Гайнуллин М.М., Мурашкин В.Г., Анпилов М.С., Сорочайкин А.Н., Китайкин А.Н. Фасадные системы. Опытно-конструкторские научные исследования: Сборник статей / Под ред. В.П. Селяева. Институт судебной строительно-технической экспертизы. Тольятти, 2021. С. 4–6.
3. Anpilov S.M., Rimshin V.I., Yeryshev V.A., Gainullin M.M., Murashkin V.G., Anpilov M.S., Sorochaykin A.N., Kitaykin A.N. Facade systems. In the collection: Experimental design research. Collection of articles. Institute of Forensic Construction and Technical Expertise. Togliatti. 2021, pp. 4–6. (In Russian).
4. Римшин В.И., Трунтов П.С., Кецко Е.С. Научно-техническая экспертиза конструкций для переоборудования открытых террас в помещениях многофункционального комплекса // Жилищное строительство. 2021. № 7. С. 37–41.
4. Rimshin V.I., Truntov P.S., Ketsko E.S. Scientific and technical expertise of structures for the conversion of outdoor terraces in the premises of the multifunctional complex. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 7, pp. 37–41. (In Russian).
5. Римшин В.И., Трунтов П.С., Кецко Е.С. Комплексный подход к выполнению акустических расчетов при техническом обследовании аварийного жилого фонда // Строительные материалы. 2021. № 6. С. 21–24.
5. Rimshin V.I., Truntov P.S., Ketsko E.S. An integrated approach to performing acoustic calculations during technical inspection of emergency housing stock. Stroitel’nye Material [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 6, pp. 21–24. (In Russian).
6. Калайдо А.В., Римшин В.И., Семенова М.Н., Быков Г.С. Пассивные технологии обеспечения радоновой безопасности воздушной среды проектируемых зданий // Вестник Поволжского государственного технологического университета. Сер. Материалы. Конструкции. Технологии. 2021. № 1. С. 28–35.
6. Kalaido A.V., Rimshin V.I., Semenova M.N., Bykov G.S. Passive technologies for ensuring radon safety of the air environment of projected buildings. Bulletin of the Volga State Technological University. Series: Materials. Constructions. Technologies. 2021. No. 1, pp. 28–35. (In Russian).
7. Патент РФ 2725162. Способ определения параметров трещиностойкости бетона в изделии. Шубин И.Л., Римшин В.И., Варламов А.А., Давыдова А.М. Заявл. 21.10.2019.
7. Patent RF 2725162. Sposob opredeleniya parametrov treshchinostoikosti betona v izdelii [Method for determining the parameters of crack resistance of concrete in a product]. Shubin I.L., Rimshin V.I., Varlamov A.A., Davydova A.M. Zayavl. 21.10.2019. (In Russian).
8. Кришан А.Л., Римшин В.И., Астафьева М.А. Сжатые трубобетонные элементы. Теория и практика. М.: АСВ, 2020. 322 с.
8. Krishan A.L., Rimshin V.I., Astafyeva M.A. Compressed pipe concrete elements. Theory and Practice Moscow, 2020. (In Russian).
9. Калайдо А.В., Римшин В.И., Семенова М.Н., Быков Г.С. Анализ зарубежного опыта обеспечения радоновой безопасности эксплуатируемых зданий (на примере США) // Вестник Вологодского государственного университета. Сер. Технические науки. 2020. № 4 (10). С. 54–58.
9. Kalaido A.V., Rimshin V.I., Semenova M.N., Bykov G.S. Analysis of foreign experience in ensuring radon safety of operated buildings (on the example of the USA). Bulletin of Vologda State University. Series: Technical Sciences. 2020. No. 4 (10), pp. 54–58. (In Russian).
10. Варламов А.А., Римшин В.И. Модели поведения бетона. Общая теория деградации. М.: Инфра-М, 2019. 436 с.
10. Varlamov A.A., Rimshin V.I. Modeli povedeniya betona. Obshchaya teoriya degradatsii. [Models of concrete behavior. General theory of degradation]. Moscow, 2019. 436 р. (In Russian).
11. Варламов А.А., Теличенко В.И., Римшин В.И. Модели материалов по теории деградации // Известия высших учебных заведений. Технология текстильной промышленности. 2019. № 4 (382). С. 59–65.
11. Varlamov A.A., Telichenko V.I., Rimshin V.I. Models of materials on the theory of degradation Proceedings of higher educational institutions. Technology of the textile industry. 2019. No. 4 (382), pp. 59–65. (In Russian).
12. Варламов А.А., Римшин В.И. Человек. Информация. Деградация // Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии. 2019. № 3 (27). С. 44–53.
12. Varlamov A.A., Rimshin V.I. Man. Information. Degradation. Biosfernaya sovmestimost’: chelovek, region, tekhnologii. 2019. No. 3 (27), pp. 44–53. (In Russian).
13. Krishan A.L., Astafeva M.A., Rimshin V.I., Shubin I.L., Stupak A.A. Compressed reinforced concrete elements bearing capacity of various flexibility Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 2022. Vol. 182, pp. 283–291.
14. Rimshin V.I., Kuzina E.S., Shubin I.L.Analysis of the structures in water treatment and sanitation facilities for their strengthening // Journal of Physics: Conference Series. International Scientific Conference on Modelling and Methods of Structural Analysis. MMSA 2019. 2020. С. 012074.
15. Kablov E.N., Erofeev V.T., Zotkina M.M., Dergunova A.V., Moiseev V.V., Rimshin V.I. Plasticized epoxy composites for manufacturing of composite reinforcement // Journal of Physics: Conference Series. «International Conference on Engineering Systems 2020». 2020. С. 012031.
16. Eryshev V.A., Karpenko N.I., Rimshin V.I. The parameters ratio in the strength of bent elements calculations by the deformation model and the ultimate limit state method // IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. International Science and Technology Conference «FarEastCon 2019». 2020. С. 022076.
17. Merkulov S.I., Rimshin V.I., Shubin I.L., Esipov S.M. Modeling of the stress-strain state of a composite external strengthening of reinforced concrete bending elements // IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. International Science and Technology Conference «FarEastCon 2019». 2020. С. 052044.
18. Varlamov A., Rimshin V., Tverskoi S.A Method for assessing the stress-strain state of reinforced concrete structures // E3S Web of Conferences. 2018 Topical Problems of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Environmental Economics, TPACEE 2018. 2019. С. 02046.
19. Telichenko V., Rimshin V., Eremeev V., Kurbatov V. MAthematical modeling of groundwaters pressure distribution in the underground structures by cylindrical form zone // MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018. С. 02025.
20. Telichenko V., Rimshin V., Kuzina E.Methods for calculating the reinforcement of concrete slabs with carbon composite materials based on the finite element model // MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018. С. 04061.
21. Varlamov A.A., Rimshin V.I., Tverskoi S.Y.The general theory of degradation // IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Vladivostok, 2018. С. 022028.

The House-Museum of the writer Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky in Tarusa (Kaluga region), the history of its acquisition and the interior of the house, the walls of which are decorated with paintings by the youngest son of the writer artist A.K. Paustovsky, are described. It is noted that the peculiarity of Paustovsky’s house is that round-shaped ovens in a metal casing made of galvanized steel painted black were used for heating, and not just a traditional dutch oven. The thermal efficiency of such ovens is ensured by their constructive solution, the presence of an internal chamber and a chamber with a lifting well, through which the heated gas rises up between two parallel operating lowering wells, as well as a gradual decrease in the thickness of the wall, starting from the fireplace. The calculation of the amount of heat supplied from the oven to the room, developed by the authors, is given, which takes into account the components of the convective radiant heat transfer of the oven surface. The average coefficient of convective heat transfer is determined based on the solutions of criterion equations for the turbulent mode of air movement near the oven surface. The radiant heat exchange coefficient of a cylindrical oven in a black iron casing is determined based on the solutions of the equations of radiant heat transfer between the oven and the surfaces of the room. This made it possible to obtain the value of the average heat transfer of the oven. The comparison of average heat transfer values showed that with a one-time heating with a period of 24 hours, 1,5 times more heat enters the room from a cylindrical oven in an iron casing, painted black, than from a cylindrical oven with a galvanized iron casing.

P.N. UMNYAKOV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor;
N.P. UMNYAKOVA^2,3, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.A. SMIRNOV^2,3, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)

¹ Restoration Art Institute (3, bldg. 4 Gorodok imeni Baumana Street, Moscow, 105037, Russian Federation)
² Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivny Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
³ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Umnyakova N.P. Prototypes of structures of ventilated facades in buildings of Ancient Russia. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2012. No. 6, pp. 25–28. (In Russian).
2. Mastera Sovetskogo iskusstva. A.B. Kuprin [Masters of Soviet Art. A.B. Kuprin]. Moscow – Leningrad: Sovetskii khudozhnik, 1950. 50 p.
3. Asche G.M. Teplootdacha otopitel’nykh pechei i raschet pechnogo otopleniya [Heating and ventilation]. Moscow: Gosstroyizdat, 1937. 718 p.
4. Semenov L.A. Teplootdacha otopitel’nykh pechei i raschet pechnogo otopleniya [Heat transfer of heating furnaces and calculation of furnace heating]. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1943. 80 p.
5. Mikheeva M.A., Mikheeva I.M. Osnovy teploperedachi [Fundamentals of heat transfer]. Moscow: Energy, 1973. 317 p.
6. Isachenko V.P., Osipova V.A., Sukomel A.S. Teploperedacha [Heat transfer]. Moscow: Energiya, 1975. 475 p.
7. Umnyakov P.N. Teploperedacha [Thermal and ecological comfort]. Moscow: Forum, 2009. 440 p.
8. Bogoslovsky V.N. Stroitel’naya teplotekhnika [Construction heat engineering]. Moscow: AVOK, 2006. 400 p.
9. Fokin K.F. Stroitel’naya teplotekhnika ograzhdayushchikh chastei zdanii [Construction heat engineering of enclosing parts of buildings]. Moscow: AVOK-Press, 2006. 251 p.
10. Umnyakova N.P. Osobennosti ucheta klimaticheskikh vozdeistvii pri proektirovanii ograzhdayushchikh konstruktsii [Features of taking into account climatic influences in the design of enclosing structures]. Moscow: Neolith, 2018. 160 p.
11. Al’bom otopitel’nykh pechei № 253 [Album of heating furnaces No. 253]. Moscow: Glavn. Military-builds. management. under the SNK of the USSR, 1940.
12. Karabanov L.A., Samarin N.I. Al’bom otopitel’nykh pechei, sushilok, plit i pishchevarnykh ochagov [Album of heating stoves, dryers, stoves and cooking fires]. Moscow: Voenproekt SKU Red Army, 1936. 18 p.
13. Antonova G.V. Types of furnaces for a residential building: the device of a Russian furnace. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2004. No. 10, pp. 14–16. (In Russian).
14. Reznichenko T.Yu. Problems of preservation of furnace heating in wooden buildings of the late XIX – early XX century in the city of Tomsk. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. 2020. Vol. 22. No. 1, pp. 63–74. (In Russian).
15. Bondarenko I.A. Again about the origins of the tradition of diagonal construction of the plan of the Russian hut. Arkhitekturnoe nasledstvo. 2020. No. 73, pp. 5–23. (In Russian).

The dynamics of changes in requirements and ideas about the calculations of the heat-protective qualities of the external enclosing structures of buildings is outlined. The data of full-scale measurements of the heat transfer resistance of walls with a hinged ventilated facade of seventy-six objects located on the territory of the city of Moscow are presented. The obtained actual values of heat transfer resistance are compared with the design values. An analysis of the causes and factors influencing the actual values of the thermal characteristics of ventilated facades has been carried out. Conclusions are drawn about the absence of a direct dependence of the heat-protective qualities of walls with external hinged facades on the thickness of the insulation layer. At the same time, for the same thickness of insulation, the actual heat transfer resistance of the walls of different buildings may differ three times. The facts have been identified and substantiated that, contrary to the established opinion, the base of the walls (reinforced concrete or, for example, masonry from wall blocks) has a significant impact on the heat transfer resistance of the structure. The heat transfer resistance of sections of walls with a reinforced concrete base is significantly lower than through sections with a base of masonry material, which is explained by the redistribution of heat flows through the reinforced concrete frame of the building. The resource of heat saving due to increasing the thickness of the wall insulation has been exhausted, further movement in this direction leads only to unjustified material costs. At present, the range of 2–3 m²∙^оС/W can be considered technically feasible in practice and economically viable resistance to heat transfer of the walls of buildings.

I.S. KURILIUK¹, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
S.I. KRYSHOV², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.V. ERMAKOV², Engineer-Expert, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Research Institute of Building Physics, Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivny Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² Center for Expertise, Research and Testing in Construction (GBU “TSEIIS”) (13, Ryazansky Prospect, Moscow, 109052, Russian Federation)

1. Gagarin V.G. Economic aspects of increasing the thermal protection of enclosing structures of buildings in the conditions of a “market economy”. Svetoprozrachnye konstruktsii. 2002. No. 3, pp. 2–5. (In Russian).
2. Gagarin V.G. On the real price of energy saving. Stroitel’nyi ekspert. 2003. No. 8, pp. 5–8. (In Russian).
3. Hauter Sheila T., Torcellini P.A., Judkoff R. Energy-efficient building: optimization of thermal protection and HVAC systems. AVOK. 2000. No. 4, pp. 20–25. (In Russian).
4. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V. Prospects for improving the energy efficiency of residential buildings in Russia. Energiya: ekonomika, tekhnika, ekologiya. 2012. No. 5, pp. 25–32. (In Russian).
5. Gorshkov A.S., Livchak V.I. History, evolution and development of regulatory requirements for enclosing structures. Stroitel’stvo unikal’nykh zdanii i sooruzhenii. 2015. No. 3 (30), pp. 7–37. (In Russian).
6. Ivantsov A.I., Kupriyanov V. N., Safin I.S. Field studies of operational impacts on facade systems with various types of effective insulation. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Constructions]. 2013. No. 7, pp. 29–32. (In Russian).
7. Kryshov S.I., Kurilyuk I.S. On the actual indicators of the energy efficiency of buildings. Reasons and remedies for non-compliance. Energosberezhenie. 2018. No. 4, pp. 38–45. (In Russian).

описание

V.I. RIMSHIN^1,2, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. );
A.L. KRISHAN³, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ),
M.A. ASTAFIEVA³, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
M.N. SEMENOVA¹, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.L. KURBATOV⁴, Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Research Institute of Building Physics, Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
³ Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University (38, Lenin Avenue, Magnitogorsk, 455000, Russian Federation)
⁴ North Caucasus Branch of Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov (SKF BSTU named after V.G.Shukhov) (24, Zheleznovodskaya Street, Stavropol Territory, Mineralnye Vody, 357201, Russian Federation)

1. Patent na poleznuyu model’ RF 147452. Sbornyi stroitel’nyi element [Prefabricated building element] Anpilov S.M., Yeryshev V.A., Gainullin M.M., Murashkin V.G., Murashkin G.V., Anpilov M.S., Rimshin V.I., Sorochaykin A.N. Dekl. 08.07.2014. Publ. 10.11.2014. (In Russian).
2. Rimshin V.I., Merkulov S.I. On the normalization of the characteristics of rod nonmetallic composite reinforcement. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2016. No. 5, pp. 22–26. (In Russian).
3. Rimshin V.I., Krishan A.L., Mukhametzyanov A.I. Construction of a deformation diagram of uniaxially compressed concrete. Vestnik MGSU. 2015. No. 6, pp. 23–27. (In Russian).
4. Krishan A.L., Rimshin V.I., Telichenko V.I., Rakhmanov V.A., Narkevich M.Yu. Practical implementation of the calculation of the bearing capacity of pipe-concrete columns. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noi promyshlennosti. 2017. No. 2 (368), pp. 227–232. (In Russian).
5. Krishan A.L., Rimshin V.I., Zaikin A.I. Strength calculation of compressed reinforced concrete elements with indirect reinforcement. Concrete and reinforced concrete – a look into the future. scientific papers of the III All-Russian (II International) Conference on Concrete and Reinforced Concrete. 2014, pp. 308–314. (In Russian).
6. Rimshin V.I., Varlamov A.A. Volumetric models of elastic behavior of composite. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noi promyshlennosti. 2018. No. 3 (375), pp. 63–68. (In Russian).
7. Kucherenko V.A., Kurbatov V.L., Rimshin V.I. Determination of the causes of cracks in the bearing and enclosing structures of the pool in the building. Ekspert: teoriya i praktika. 2022. No. 1 (16), pp. 75–81. (In Russian).
8. Rimshin V.I., Kurbatov V.L., Ketsko E.S., Truntov P.S. Reinforcement of textile industry building structures by external reinforcement of composite materials. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noi promyshlennosti. 2021. No. 6 (396), pp. 242–249. (In Russian).
9. Rimshin V.I., Truntov P.S., Ketsko E.S. Scientific and technical structures expertise for the open terraces re-equipment in the multifunctional complex. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 7, pp. 37–41. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2021-7-37-41
10. Каlaydo А.V., Rimshin V.I., Semenova M.N. Assessment of the contributions of diffusive and convective radon entry into the buildings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 7, pp. 48–53. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2021-7-48-53
11. Rimshin V.I., Ketsko E.S. Comprehensive assessment of the state of sewage treatment plant structures within the reconstruction of urban water supply systems. Biosfernaya sovmestimost’: chelovek, region, tekhnologii. 2021. No. 2 (34), pp. 138–152. (In Russian).
12. Rimshin V.I. Explosive chambers. Ekspert: teoriya i praktika. 2021. No. 2 (11), pp. 51–56. (In Russian).
13. Krishan A.L., Rimshin V.I., Troshkina E.A. Strength of short concrete filled steel tube columns of annular cross section. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Vladivostok. 2018, pp. 022062.
14. Krishan A.L., Rimshin V.I., Astafeva M.A. Deformability of a volume-compressed concrete. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Vladivostok. 2018, pp. 022063.
15. Neverov A.N., Ketsko E.S., Truntov P.S., Rimshin V.I. Calculating the strengthening of construction structures before the reconstruction of the building. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 2022. Vol. 182, pp. 173–179.
16. Krishan A.L., Astafeva M.A., Rimshin V.I., Shubin I.L., Stupak A.A. Compressed reinforced concrete elements bearing capacity of various flexibility. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 2022. Vol. 182, pp. 283–291.
17. Rimshin V.I., Truntov P.S., Kuzina I.S., Roshchina S.I., Ketsko E.S. Engineering calculations of acidifier retaining walls during water treatment facilities designing. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 2022. Vol. 182, pp. 55–73.
18. Lukin M., Martynov V., Rimshin V., Aleksiievets I. Reinforced concrete vertical structures under a gently sloping shell of double curvature under the influence of progressive collapse. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 2022. Vol. 182, pp. 577–587.
19. Rimshin V.I., Telichenko V.I., Truntov P.S., Krishan A.L., Bykov G.S. Assessment of the impact of high temperature on the strength of reinforced concrete structures during operation. Key Engineering Materials. 2021. Vol. 887 KEM, pp. 460–465.

Due to the problems of global warming and the depletion of fossil energy resources, energy conservation has become an important part of building design and use. Because energy conservation is the practice of conserving energy without sacrificing people’s thermal comfort, underground construction has a number of benefits that, through research, could greatly influence energy saving efforts in modern building practice. In addition to their primary functions, underground structures have great energy saving potential by exchanging heat with the ground to heat and cool spaces. However, their effectiveness in harsh climates has not yet been sufficiently studied. The reason for evaluating an underground space is its potential energy savings compared to a conventional above ground building and is based on some unique technical characteristics. This article is aimed at the development of energy saving in the field of underground space. The main factors of underground structures influencing the expediency of attracting investments are analyzed. Attention is drawn to the importance of increasing initial costs at the early stages of a building’s life cycle in order to significantly reduce costs at the stage of operation of capital facilities.

S.G. SHEINA¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
N.P. UMNYAKOVA^2,3, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering);
L.V. GIRYA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering),
R.I. DOBROVOLSKII¹, Master

¹ Don State Technical University (1, Gagarin Square, Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russian Federation)
² Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivny Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
³ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Sheina S.G., Umnyakova N.P., Fedyaeva P.V., Minenko E.N. The best European experience of implementing energy-saving technologies in the housing stock of the Russian Federation. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2020. No. 6, pp. 29–34. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-6-29-34
2. Sheina S.G., Girya L.V., Vinogradova E.V., Sobolevskiy A. Methodology for a comprehensive analysis of the construction projects’ accidents causes at various stages of their life cycle. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020. Vol. 913(4), 042032. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/913/4/042032
3. Sheina S.G, Girya L V, Seraya E.S., Matveyko R.B Intelligent municipal system and sustainable development of the urban environment: conversion prospects. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019. Vol. 698(5), 055015. DOI:10.1088/issn.1757-899X
4. Remizov A.N., Yegoryev P.O. Eco-sustainable view on the integration of innovative technologies in construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 5, pp. 17–24. (In Russian). DOI:  https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-4-17-24
5. Samarin O.D., Lushin K.I. Assessment of the impact of climate change on the energy consumption of building microclimate systems. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2020. No. 1–2, pp. 21–24. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-1-2-21-24
6. Marazuela M.Á, García-Gil A., Santamarta J.C., Cruz-Pérez N., Hofmann T. Stormwater management in urban areas using dry gallery infiltration systems. Science of the Total Environment. 2022. Vol. 823, 153705. doi 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153705
7. Guadailo V.A., Kolegov S.A. Quantitative assessment of the impact of building sinking on improving energy efficiency and reducing costs for heating and electricity supply. Innovatsii i investitsii. 2013. No. 8, pp. 119–126.
8. Lu B., Zhang M.X., Fan Y.Q. A Feasibility Study of Urban Underground Logistics System – A Case Study of Shanghai. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2021. Vol. 703(1), 012007. doi 10.1088/1755-1315/703/1/012007
9. Lin D., Broere W., Cui J, Underground space utilisation and new town development: Experiences, lessons and implications. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2022. Vol. 119, 104204. DOI 10.1016/j.tust.2021.104204
10. Jiang W., Tan Y. Overview on failures of urban underground infrastructures in complex geological conditions due to heavy rainfall in China during 1994–2018. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2022. Vol. 76,103. DOI 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103509
11. Liu S.-C., Peng F.-L., Qiao Y.-K., Zhang J.-B. Evaluating disaster prevention benefits of underground space from the perspective of urban resilience. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2021. Vol. 58, 102206. DOI 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102206
12. Kasyanov V., Oksava C., Use of Underground Space in Large Cities. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019. Vol. 471(11), 112052. DOI 10.1088/1757-899X/471/11/112052

The ecological situation of modern megacities significantly depends on large permanent energy facilities located on their territories – thermal power plants. One of the negative factors in this case is the noise of the urban development adjacent to them. Chimneys are among the main sources of noise at these facilities. With a large height of pipes, the noise emitted by them spreads over long distances in the adjacent development. Estimation of the noise regime of the development area in this case is a complex scientific and practical task of building physics. First, the problem of noise propagation from the source to the mouth of the pipe is solved. First, the problem of noise propagation from the source to the pipe mouth is solved. Then, the distribution of the sound energy emitted by the pipe within the urban development is found. To solve the first problem, the combined calculation model proposed by the authors of the article is used. The model takes into account the specular-diffuse character of sound reflection from the channel walls. To solve the second problem, a new method is proposed in the article. It is based on the obtained analytical dependence of the directivity factor of sound energy from the pipe mouth. A computer program has been developed to implement the method. The program makes it possible to assess the propagation of noise from the pipe mouth to various sites of development. To illustrate the method, an example of calculating the noise emitted by the chimney of a steam boiler of a thermal power plant in Moscow is given. The example shows the features of the formation of the noise regime for the case of emission of sound energy by chimneys.

V.P. GUSEV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.I. LEDENEV^1,2, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.I. ANTONOV^1,2, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.V. MATVEEVA², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Research Institute of Building Physics of Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivny Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² Tambov State Technical University (106, Sovetskaya Street, Tambov, 392000, Russian Federation)

1. Gusev V.P., Sidorina A.V., Ledenev V.I., Matveeva I.V. Protection of residential buildings from noise of the expanded capacity of the Moscow thermal power plant. BST: byulleten’ stroitel’noj tehniki. 2021. No. 6 (1042), pp. 10–12. (In Russian).
2. Gusev V.P., Antonov A.I., Ledenev V.I., Matveeva I.V. Assessment of the noise impact of a developed thermal power plant on residential buildings. Biosfernaja sovmestimost’: chelovek, region, tehnologii. 2021. No. 2 (34), pp. 123–137.
3. Tupov V.B., Taratorkin A.A., Skvortsov V.S., Mukhametov A.B. Sanitary protection zones by the noise factor of modern thermal power plants. Jelektricheskie stancii. 2022. No. 3 (1088), pp. 38–42. (In Russian).
4. Gusev V.P., Ledenev V.I., Solodova М.А., Solomatin E.O. Combined method for calculating noise levels in large-size gas-air channels. Vestnik MGSU. 2011. No. 3–11, pp. 33–38. (In Russian).
5. Giyasov B.I., Ledenyov V.I., Matveeva I.V. Method for noise calculation under specular and diffuse reflection of sound. Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2018. No. 1 (77), pp. 13–22.
6. Antonov A.I., Ledenev V.I., Nevenchannaya T.O., Tsukernikov I.E., Shubin I.L. Coupling coefficient of flux density and density gradient of reflected sound energy in quasi-diffuse sound fields. Journal of Theoretical and Computational Acoustics. 2019. V. 27. No. 2, p. 1850053.
7. Foy C., Picaut J., Valeau V. Modeling the reverberant sound field by a diffusion process: analytical approach to the scattering. Proceedings of Internoise. (San Francisco). 2015.
8. Foy C., Picaut J., Valeau V. Introduction de la diffusivity des parois au sein du modèle de diffusion acoustique. CFA / VISHNO. 2016.
9. Foy C., Valeau V., Picaut J., Prax C., Sakout A. Spatial variations of the mean free path in long rooms: Integration within the room-acoustic diffusion model. Proceedings of the 22 International Congress on Acoustics. (Buenos Aires). 2016.
10. Olendorff F. Diffusionstheorie des Schallfeldes im Strassentunnel. Acustica. 1976. №. 4, pp. 311–315.
11. Olendorff F. Statistische Raumakustik als Diffusionsproblem (ein Vorschlag). Acustica. 1969. No. 21, pp. 236–245.
12. Tsukernikov I., Shubin I., Antonov A., Ledenev V., Nevenchannaya T. Noise сalculation method for industrial premises with bulky equipment at mirror-diffuse sound reflection. In Procedia Engineering of the 3rd International Conference on Dynamics and Vibroacustics of Mashines, DVM 2016. 2017, pp. 218–225.
13. Ondet A.M., Barbry J.L. Modeling of sound propagation in fitted workshops using ray tracing. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 1989. V. 85, No. 2, pp. 787–796.
14. Gusev V.P., Antonov A.I., Solomatin Ye.O., Makarov А.М. Calculated models of sound emission by point noise sources of industrial enterprises. Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Teknologiya Tekstil’noi Promyshlennosti. 2019. No. 3 (381), pp. 191–196. (In Russian).
15. Calculation and design of noise suppression systems for ventilation, air conditioning and air heating. Reference manual for the updated edition SNiP 23-03–2003 Noise protection (Design rules 51.13330.2011) / ed. I.L. Shubin (Мoscow: NIISF RAASN). 2013, 80 p. (In Russian)

The construction of houses in rural areas from timber or on a wooden frame is relevant for the relatively low cost of construction and the possibility of forming effective insulating shells of structures. Steam and waterproofing roll materials are used as insulation materials, and plate products are used as thermal insulation materials: polymer or mineral-based. The use of rolled foamed polyethylene makes it possible to form an almost seamless insulating shell of buildings, including cottages made of timber or frame type. The implementation of the concept of seamless insulating shells involves the achievement of a thermal effect both due to the use of thermal insulation with low thermal, vapor, moisture conductivity, air permeability, and by minimizing the joints between the individual elements of the insulating shell, which is achieved by using elastic foamed polymers. These technologies are implemented in the preservation of snow and protection of frozen ground, as well as in residential and industrial construction. In this regard, it becomes very important to use modern methods of building diagnostics and quality control of work, and, in particular, thermal imaging in combination with an air door test. This method is widely used abroad, but in Russia it has received practical implementation recently and has not yet been confirmed by regulatory documents. At the object under study (frame-timbered wooden cottage), this method was implemented in parallel with domestic methods that have regulatory support.

K.A. TER-ZAKARYAN¹, General Director (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.D. ZHUKOV^2,3,4, Сandidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.V. BESSONOV², Сandidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
E.Yu. BOBROVA⁴, Сandidate of Sciences (Eсonomics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.S. PILIPENKO³, Сandidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
E.A. GORBUNOVA², Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ LLC “TEPOFOL” (3, Shcherbakovskaya Street, Moscow, 105318, Russian Federation)
² Research Institute of Building Physics, Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
³ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoye Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
⁴ Higher School of Economics (National Research University) (20, Myasnitskaya Street, 101000, Moscow, Russian Federation)

1. Jiayu Shang Construction of Green Community Index System under the Background of Community Construction. Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research. 2019. No. 7, pp. 115–125.
2. Rubcov O.I., Bobrova E.YU., ZHukov A.D., Zinov’eva E.A. Ceramic bricks, stones and full brick walls. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Costruction Materials]. 2019. No. 9, pp. 8–13. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-774-9-8-13.
3. Gudkov P. , Kagan P., Pilipenko A., Zhukova E., Zinovieva E., Ushakov N. Usage of thermal isolation systems for low-rise buildings as a component of information models. E3S Web of Conferences. 2019. Vol. 97 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199701039
4. Umnyakova N., Chernysheva O. Thermal features of three-layer brick walls. XXV Polish-Russian-Slovak seminar “Theoretical Foundation of Civil Engineering” Procedia Engineering. 2019. Vol. 153, рр. 805–809.
5. Gnip I.J., KeršulisV.J., Vaitkus S.J. Predicting the deformability of expanded polystyrene in long-term compression. Mechanics of Composite materials. 2005. Vol. 41 (5), pp. 407–414.
6. Ivanovа N.A. The main directions of prospects for the development of housing construction at the local level. Moskovskij jekonomicheskij zhurnal. 2018. No. 4, pp. 65–74. (In Russian).
7. Zhukov A.D., Ter-Zakaryan K.A., Bessonov I.V., Lobanov V.A., Starostin A.V. Energy efficiency of seamless insulating shells. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Costruction Materials]. 2019. No. 6, pp. 49–55. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-771-6-49-55.
8. Umnyakova N.P., Cygankov V.M., Kuz’min V.A Experimental thermotechnical studies for the rational design of wall structures with reflective thermal insulation. Zhilishchnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 1–2, pp. 38–42. (In Russian).
9. Ibrahim O., Younes R. Progress to global strategy for management of energy systems. Journal of Building Engineering. 2018. Vol. 20, pp. 303–316. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2018.07.020
10. Jelle B.P., Gustavsen A., Baetens R. The path to the high-performance thermal building insulation materials and solutions of tomorrow. Journal of building physics. 2010. Vol. 34. No. 2, рр. 99–123. DOI: 10.1177/1744259110372782
11. Fedyuk R.S., Mochalov A.V., Simonov V.A. Trends in the development of standards for thermal protection of buildings in Russia. Vestnik inzhenernoj shkoly Dal’nevostochnogo federal’nogo universiteta. 2012. No. 2 (11), рp. 39–44.
12. Shen X., Li L., Cui W., Feng Y. Coupled heat and moisture transfer in building material with freezing and thawing process. Journal of Building Engineering. 2018. Vol. 20, pp. 609–615. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2018.07.026.
13. Ter-Zakaryan K.A., Zhukov A.D., Bobrova E.Yu., Bessonov I.V., Mednikova E.A. Foam Polymers in Multifunctional Insulating Coatings. Polymers. 2021. Vol. 13. No. 21 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13213698
14. Fayez Aldawi, Firoz Alam, Abhijit Date, Arun Kumar, Mohammad Rasul. Thermal Performance Modelling of Residential House Wall Systems. Procedia Engineering. 2012. Vol. 49, рр. 161–168.
15. Ter-Zakaryan A.K., Zhukov A.D. Insulating shell of low-rise buildings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 8, pp. 35–40. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-8-15-18
16. Ter-Zakaryan K. Ar., Zhukov Al.D. (2021). Short Overview of Practical Application and Further Prospects of Materials Based on Crosslinked Polyethylene. In: Thomas J., Thomas S., Ahmad Z. (eds) Crosslinkable Polyethylene. Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials. Springer, Singapore. 2021, pp. 349–377. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0514-7_12.
17. Patent RF 2645190. Zamkovaya tekhnologiya teploizolyacionnogo materiala dlya besshovnoj svarki soedinitel’-nyh zamkov [Lock technology of heat-in-
sulating material for seamless welding of connecting locks] Ter-Zakaryan K.A. Declared 26.09.2016. Publ. 16.02.2018. Bull. No. 2. (In Russian).
18. Patent RF 2645190. Teploizolyacionnyj mnogoslojnyj material [Thermal insulation multilayer material] Ter-Zakaryan K.A. Declared 16.02.2018. Publ. 11.08.2020. Bull. No. 23. (In Russian).
19. Semenov V.S., Bessonov I.V., Ter-Zakaryan K.A., Zhukov A.D., Mednikova E.A. Energy-Saving Seamless Insulation Systems for Frame Buildings Using Foamed Polyethylene. Regional energy problems (Problemele energeticii regionale). Electronic edition. Kishinev. 2020. No. 4. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4018999 UDC: 691.175.2./6./8
20. Zinov’eva E.A., Zhukov A.D., Ter-Zakaryan A.K. Dome Vegetarian House. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 7, pp. 35–40. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-7-35-40
21. Kozlov Sergey, Efimov Boris, Bobrova Ekaterina, Zinovieva Ekaterina and Ekaterina Zhukovа. Optimization of foamed plastic technology. E3S Web of Conferences 06010. Published online: 29 May 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199706010

The expediency of using hollow tubular light guides to supply natural light to underground spaces and provide a safe environment for people in them is substantiated. It is shown that the use of hollow tubular light guides as natural illumination of underground spaces contributes to the creation of a more comfortable living environment in the underground floors of buildings. Various types and design solutions of light receiving devices of hollow tubular light guides are considered. It is shown that the design of the light receiving device should be designed taking into account the geographical latitude of the construction site of the object. Formulas are given to determine the position of the Sun in the sky, taking into account its trajectory of “movement” and the height of the angle of location above the horizon. A diagram of the trajectory of the “movement” of the Sun for Moscow is constructed. The calculated data obtained will be used for the development and construction of two-coordinate systems for tracking the Sun in the light receiving devices of hollow tubular light guides, which will ensure that they receive the maximum amount of natural light.

I.A. SHMAROV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
V.A. KOZLOV, Candidate of Science Engineering (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
V.V. ZEMTSOV, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

1. Brackle D.J. Natural lighting of premises with the help of a new passive light-guide system «SolarSpot». Svetotehnika. 2005. No. 5, pp. 34-42. (In Russian).
2. Shmarov I.A., Kozlov V.A., Brazhnikova L.V. Lighting systems for urban underground spaces and their impact on the indicators of lighting comfort. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 7, pp. 13–18. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2021-7-13-18
3. Soloviev A.K. Hollow tubular light guides: their application for natural lighting of buildings and energy saving. Svetotehnika. 2011. No. 5, pp. 41–47.(In Russian).
4. Ovcharov A.T., Selyanin Yu.N. SOLATUBE^® technology: prospects in architecture and construction in Russia. Svetotehnika. 2016. No. 1, pp. 35–40. (In Russian).
5. Kitaeva M.V., Yurchenko A.V., Skorokhodov A.V., Okhorzina A.V. Systems of tracking the sun. Vestnik nauki Sibiri. 2012. No. 3 (4), pp. 61–67. (In Russian).
6. Badikova A.R. Development of the dome of the light well. Innovatcionnaya nauka. 2018. No. 5–2, pp. 7–9. (In Russian).
7. Ovcharov A.T., Selyanin Yu.N., Antsupov Ya.V. Hybrid lighting complex for Mbined lighting systems: concept, state of the problem, application experience. Svetotehnika. 2018. No. 1, pp. 28–34. (In Russian).
8. Ovcharov A.T., Selyanin Yu.N., Antsupov Ya.V. Hybrid lighting complex for сombined lighting systems: research and optimization of the optical path. Svetotehnika. 2018. No. 4, pp. 56–61. (In Russian).
9. Soloviev A.K. Natural lighting of underground spaces. Svetotehnika. 2018. No. 2, pp. 70–74. (In Russian).
10. Kaleev A.V. The use of hollow tubular light guides for natural lighting of buildings in Russia. A collection of selected articles on the materials of scientific conferences of the GNII “National Development”. Materials of International scientific conferences. 2020, pp. 87–89.
11. Salomatin A.V.; Kazakov Yu.N. Scientific substantiation of new technologies for solar lighting in buildings. Energosvet. 2013. No. 6 (31), pp. 55–58. (In Russian).
12. Duffie J.A., Beckman W.A. Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. 910 р.
13. Loschi H, Iano Y, Len J., Moretti A., Conte F., Braga H. A Review on Photovoltaic Systems: Mechanisms and Methods forIrradiation Tracking and Prediction. Smart Grid and Renewable Energy. 2015. Vol. 6, рр. 187–208.

A practical method for calculating the sound insulation of double enclosing structures made of layered elements with vibration absorption and a program for its implementation are presented. Comparisons of graphs of frequency characteristics of sound insulation of double enclosing structures, obtained theoretically and experimentally, are presented, as well as a comparison of the results obtained with the results of other authors.

A.V. IVANOVA¹, Engineer, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
N.A. KOCHKIN¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.L. SHUBIN², Corresponding Member of RAACS, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Director, (niisf@ niisf.ru);
A.A. KOCHKIN¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Vologda State University (15, Lenin Street, Vologda, 160000, Russian Federation)
² Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

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According to research by medical scientists, most people in earthquake-resistant buildings receive severe mental trauma during an earthquake, which within about 30 days can exacerbate their existing diseases or accelerate the manifestation of diseases to which they were predisposed. At the same time, scientists already know: according to the research of seismologists, builders, the main danger to human health in buildings during an earthquake comes mainly from the vibration level of their structures, and in case of fire, especially in buildings with halls, from the length of escape routes to open safe space; according to research by construction scientists, the number of people with mental trauma will be the smallest only in buildings in which the intensity of a real earthquake will manifest itself by about two points less than their calculated seismic effects. However, in federal laws and regulations of the Russian Federation of construction content, the very recognition of people as the main object of protection in buildings under hazardous natural influences is absent.

A.V. MASLYAEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Research Seismic Laboratory (27, bldg. A, 51, Zemlyachki Street, 400117, Volgograd, Russian Federation)

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The domain area of the article is the life cycle of buildings and structures, where the object of research is the formalization of technologies for automating the construction objects life cycle. The processes of the life cycle stages are technologically different and the creation of a safe, healthy and comfortable environment for people’s life is critically linked to the activities of decision makers on the management of these processes, since the very formulation of the state task to consider the life cycle of construction objects in completeness and integrity lie pragmatic and vital goals of creating an environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, economical, comfortable environment for society at all stages of the creation and existence of such objects in time. The paper provides a retrospective review of domestic technologies for automating the construction objects life cycle and analyzes the technology that is most relevant to today’s tasks. It is proposed to take it as an axiom that the building or structure life cycle is always object-oriented and is associated with its certain type and construction system. The review is conducted from the standpoint of technologies formalization for the subsequent creation of automated information life cycle support technologies for a new technological order of low-rise residential buildings flexible automated production using robotic complexes based on the Building Information Model and the Common Data Environment. It is emphasized that the most suitable construction system for the introduction of such technologies is the frame-monolithic construction system “Ecodom”, based on composite concrete and experimentally proved on real objects.

Yu.G. LOSEV¹, Cand. tech. sciences, Docent;
K.Yu. LOSEV², Cand. tech. sciences, Docent

¹ Stary Oskol Technological Institute (Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “National Research Technological University “Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys” (NITU MISIS)(42, Micro-district named after Makarenko, Stary Oskol, Belgorod Oblast, 309516, Russian Federation)
² National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

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