Constructive solutions are given for damping the air duct – an obstacle to free vibrations of its walls. It is shown that in order to reduce the intensity of sound radiation into the surrounding space and transmit structural sound through brackets and hangers, the material of the gasket used practically does not affect the result. The determining factors are the tightening force and bending stiffness. The main function of the gasket is to evenly distribute the load on the duct walls. Adjusting the degree of tension it is possible to change the frequencies of the sound insulation values, if required. It is noted that the installation of such structures can be carried out on already installed and operated air-ducts without stopping the fan operation. A similar principle of noise damping is recommended for sewer risers in residential and public buildings. The article is intended for managers of construction and operating organizations. The data given can be used in the design.

Yu.A. LABUNSKY, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering),
E.F. FILATOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

OOO “INT-Solushn” (18, of. 104, Peresveta Street, Bryansk, 241019, Russian Federation)

1. Shubin I.L., Antonov А.I., Ledenev V.I., Matveeva I.V., Merkusheva N.P. Assessment of noise conditions in the premises of enterprises built into residential buildings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2020. No. 6, pp. 3–8. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-6-3-8
2. Denisov E.I. Physical basis and method of calculating noise dose. Gigiena truda. 1979. No. 11, pp. 24–28. (In Russian).
3. Antonov A.I., Matveeva I.V., Merkusheva N.P., Porozhenko M.A. Construction and use of noise maps in the development of noise protection measures in industrial premises with non-permanent jobs. Biosfernaya sovmestimost’: сhelovek, region, tekhnologii. 2018. No. 4 (24), pp. 48–56. (In Russian).
4. Antonov A.I., Ledenev V.I., Matveeva I.V., Merkusheva N.P. The digitalization of acoustic calculations in the computational design of buildings. Privolzhskij nauchnyj zhurnal. 2019. No. 4, pp. 31–40. (In Russian).
5. Kobzar D.D., Velbel A.I., Oleinikov A.Yu. Features of acoustic calculation of ventilation systems. Noise Theory and Practice. 2017. Vol. 4. No. 1, pp. 41–45. (In Russian).
6. Chernov N.S., Muranovsky V.P. A device for reducing vibrations and noise in pipeline systems of power plants. Development and research. Noise Theory and Practice. 2015. Vol. 1. No. 1, pp. 17–21. (In Russian).
7. Antonov A.I., Bacunova A.V., Kryshov S.I. Method for evaluating the noise fields of premises in the design of noise protection in civil buildings with non-constant time sources. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Constructions]. 2012. No. 4, pp. 58–60. (In Russian).

Currently, theoretical approaches to the optimal choice of energy-saving structures are being developed. Thus, for translucent enclosing structures, criteria have been developed for the selection of energy-saving glazing based on a number of parameters: thermal, energy and lighting. The paper considers the criterion for choosing low-emission glazing, which provides an optimal ratio of transmission heat loss and heat gain from solar radiation. Calculations carried out according to the criterion are based on calculating the ratio of the difference in transmission heat loss when using glazing without coatings and with energy-saving coatings to the difference in heat gain from solar radiation when using the same types of glazing. However, this criterion is designed for a single-standing building. In the presence of an opposing building, the incoming solar radiation changes, therefore, the values of the criterion change and the choice of energy-saving glazing should change. In this paper, the influence of the opposing building on the value of the criterion and the choice of energy-saving glazing is determined when changing a number of parameters: the distance between buildings, the weighted average albedo of the facade of the opposing building, etc. The calculation was carried out according to the proposed criterion for two cities of the Russian Federation located at the same geographical latitude, but having a different climate. It is shown that the considered parameters related to the opposing building affect the choice of low-emission glazing.

V.G. GAGARIN^1,2, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
E.V. KORKINA^1,2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
M.D. TYULENEV², postgraduate (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow,127238, Russian Federation)
² National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Gagarin V.G. Thermal Performance as the Main Factor of Energy Saving of Buildings in Russia. Procedia Engineering. 2016. Vol. 146, pp. 112–119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.360
2. Karpenko V. E., Shchepetkov N.I. Light forms in urban environment. Light & Engineering. 2021. Vol. 29. No. 4, pp. 6–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33383/2021-033
3. Yunsong Han, Hong Yu, Cheng Sun. Simulation-Based Multiobjective Optimization of Timber-Glass Residential Buildings in Severe Cold Regions. Sustainability. 2017. Vol. 9, рр. 2353. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122353
4. Kontoleon K.J. Energy Saving Assessment in Buildings with Varying Façade Orientations and Types of Glazing Systems when Exposed to Sun. In International Journal of Performability Engineering. 2013. Vol. 9. No. 1, pp. 33–48.
5. Levinson R. Using solar availability factors to adjust cool-wall energy savings for shading and reflection by neighboring buildings. Solar Energy. 2019. Vol. 180, pp. 717–734.
6. Stetsky S.V., Kuznetsova P.I. Lighting, sun protection and informative qualities of non-traditional windows in civil buildings of countries with hot sunny climates. Nauchnoe obozrenie. 2017. No. 10, pp. 20–25. (In Russian).
7. Korkina E.V., Shmarov I.A., Tyulenev M.D. The influence of modern facade coverings on the value of the weighted average albedo of the facade of the building. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 6, pp. 33–40. (In Russian).
8. Kupriyanov V.N., Sedova F.R. Justification and development of the energy method for calculating residential insolation. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 5, pp. 83–87. (In Russian).
9. Soloviev A.K. Mirror facades: their influence on the illumination of opposing buildings. Svetotekhnika. 2017. No. 2, pp. 28–31. (In Russian).
10. Datsyuk T.A., Grimitlin A.M., Anshukova E.A. Assessment of energy efficiency indicators of buildings. Vestnik grazhdanskih inzhenerov. 2018. No. 5 (70), pp. 141–145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2018-15-5-141-145. (In Russian).
11. Korkina E.V. Criterion of efficiency of replacement of double-glazed windows in a building for the purpose of energy saving. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 6, pp. 6–9. (In Russian).
12. Korkina E.V., Gorbarenko E.V., Gagarin V.G., Shmarov I.A. Basic relations for calculating solar radiation exposure to the walls of detached buildings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 6, pp. 27–33. (In Russian).
13. Korkina E.V., Shmarov I.A., Tyulenev M.D. On the calculation of the coefficient taking into account the loss of solar radiation in the bindings of window blocks. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 6, pp. 11–17. (In Russian).
14. Korkina E.V., Voitovich E.V., Tyulenev M.D. Calculation of incoming direct solar radiation by daylight hours. Collection of reports of the VIII All-Russian Scientific and Technical Conference dedicated to the centenary of MISI-MGSU. Moscow. 2020, pp. 41–46. (In Russian).
15. Korkina E.V., Shmarov I.A. Analytical method for calculating scattered solar radiation entering a vertical surface with a partially blocked sky. Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noj promyshlennosti. 2018. No. 3 (375), pp. 230–236. (In Russian).
16. Korkina E.V., Shmarov I.A., Zemtsov V.A., Tyulenev M.D. Analytical method for calculating solar radiation reflected from the facade of an opposing building. Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noj promyshlennosti. No. 4 (382), pp. 189–196. (In Russian).

The relevance of the study is the need to have information on the estimated parameters of the outdoor climate in the design of HVAC systems in civil buildings, and with the incompleteness of such data mainly normative document of the Russian Federation in this area – SP 131.13330.2018 that becomes significant when the observed climate warming. The subject of the study is the principles of choosing the outdoor air temperature in the cold period of the year with decreased security for the calculation of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. The purpose of the study is to obtain a method for calculating the calculated temperature in the cold period of the year, taking into account only the data in Table 3.1 of SP 131, with substantiated security which can be lower than the one set for parameters “B”. The research objective is to construct approximate relations for the outdoor temperature depending on its required availability and to obtain the values of the parameters included in these relations for specific construction areas. A combination of probabilistic-statistical modelling to the theory of approximation of functions and to the linear algebra methods is used, which allows to obtain an analytical expression for the calculated ambient air temperature when security will lower than adopted for the parameters “B” are applicable to all settlements within the territory of the Russian Federation. The justification of the required coefficient of security of the average temperature of the coldest five-day period is proposed, taking into account the limitation of the possible insecurity of the parameters of the internal microclimate at a level corresponding to the insecurity characteristic of other engineering systems of the building, using the example of an internal water supply system. An engineering method for calculating the value of the calculated outdoor temperature with the specified security is presented on the basis of a probabilistic and statistical model of the outdoor climate developed earlier by the author using existing climatic data contained in SP 131.13330. The presentation is illustrated with numerical and graphical examples.

O.D. SAMARIN, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Umnyakova N.P. Climatic parameters of typical year for thermal engineering calculations. BST: Byulleten’ stroitel’noy tekhniki. 2016. No. 8 (984), pp. 48–51. (In  Russian).
2. Malyavina E.G, Malikova O.Yu., Fam V.L. Method for selection of design temperatures and outside air enthalpy during warm period of the year. AVOK. 2018. No. 3, pp. 60–69. (In Russian).
3. Malyavina E.G., Lyong F.V. Choice of the outdoor air design temperature and enthalpy according to the given provisions. SOK. 2017. No. 12 (192), pp. 74–76. (In Russian).
4. Guzhov S.V., Penkin P.A. Method of calculating the need for heat energy by Anadyr city. SOK. 2019. No. 12 (214), pp. 78–79. (In Russian).
5. Gaujena B., Borodinecs A., Zemitis J., Prozuments A. Influence of building envelope thermal mass on heating design temperature. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2015. Vol. 96 (1), pp. 012031.
6. Odineca T., Borodinecs A., Korjakins A., Zajecs D. The impacts of the exterior glazed structures and orientation on the energy consumption of the building. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019. Vol. 290 (1), pp. 012105.
7. Belussi L., Barozzi B., Bellazzi A., Danza L., Devitofrancesco A., Ghellere M., Guazzi G., Meroni I., Salamone F., Scamoni F., Scrosati C., Fanciulli C. A review of performance of zero energy buildings and energy efficiency solutions. Journal of Building Engineering. 2019. Vol. 25, pp. 100772.
8. Bogoslovsky V.N. Stroitel’naya teplofizika [Building thermal physics]. Saint Petersburg: AVOK SEVERO-ZAPAD. 2006. 400 p. (In Russian).
9. Samarin O.D. Gidravlicheskie raschety inzhenernykh system [Hydraulic calculations of engineering systems]. Moscow: ASV. 2020. 144 p.
10. Samarin O., Paulauskaite S., Valancius K., Ciuprinskas K. Selection of the climate parameters for a building envelopes and indoor climate systems design. Science – Future of Lithuania. 2017. No. 9 (4), pp. 436–441.
11. Samarin O.D. The probabilistic-statistical modeling of the external climate in the cooling period. Magazine of civil engineering. 2017. No. 5, pp. 62–69.

The encumbrances imposed on the developer, in favor of the state, reflected in the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as RF ) are considered. The developer needs to build an appropriate number of social facilities, as well as provide parking spaces, house driveways, depending on the area of the housing being built for sale. The possibility of minimizing the cost of the construction object is investigated and the analysis of civil law relations of the state represented by a subject of the Russian Federation and the organization represented by a construction company is carried out. The characteristic regulatory and legal relationships of authorities with company-developers are given. It is shown that with effective interaction with the authorities, the developer can significantly reduce the costs of the construction of quarterly development ofresidential complexes, receiving compensation for infrastructure costs.

R.V. MOTYLEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.V. SOKOLNIKOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
I.M. CHAKHKIEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
R.R. NURGALINA, Engineer, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.Yu. VAZHENIN, Magistrand (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, Vtoraya Krasnoarmeyskaya Street, Saint-Petersburg, 190005, Russian Federation)

1. Alaeva A.V., Filippov G.B., Slepkova T.I. Types of engineering activity in construction. 21st century: fundamental science and technology. VI Materials of the scientific and practical international conference. Academic Research Center. Northarleston, South Carolina. USA. June 20–21. 2015. 123–130.
2. Zhuravlev E. G., Chervonnaya K. E. Analysis of interaction of participants in shared-equity construction, developers and the State Construction Supervision Service. Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitel’stvo. Nedvizhimost’. 2015. No. 4 (15), pp. 143–151. (In Russian).
3. Kirillova A.N., Manukhina O.A. The management system of the urban service sphere of the city. Nedvizhimost’: ekonomika, upravlenie. 2015. No. 3, pp. 48–53. (In Russian).
4. Korobko V.I. Tekhnicheskii nadzor v stroitel’stve [Technical supervision in construction]. Moscow: Academia. 2012. 208 p.
5. Krestin P.A. The main functions of the technical customer in construction and the basics of construction control. Mezhdunarodnyi nauchno-issledovatel’skii zhurnal. 2015. No. 11–1 (42), pp. 55–57. (In Russian).
6. Kuzmina T.K., Oleinik P.P., Sinenko S.A. Deyatel’nost’ zakazchika v rynochnykh usloviyakh [Customer activity in market conditions]. Moscow: ASV. 2014. 288 p.
7. Manukhina L.A., Grabovoy P.G. Planning of the development of the city’s land and property complex taking into account various conceptual tasks. Integration, partnership and innovation in construction science and education Collection of reports of the International Scientific Conference. Moscow: MGSU. 2013, pp. 494–498. (In Russian).
8. Sostav i soderzhanie osnovnykh funktsii zakazchika [Composition and content of the main functions of the customer]. Practical guide. Center for Scientific and methodological support of engineering support of investments in construction. Moscow: FSUE “CENTR-INVESTproekt”. 2006. 54 p.
9. Ugryumov E.A. Construction control and technical supervision: review of legislative innovations. Ekonomika i predprinimatel’stvo. 2016. No. 10–2 (75), pp. 1189–1192. (In Russian).
10. Yavorsky A.A., Martos V.V. Ways to improve control, supervision and scientific and technical support for the construction of monolithic buildings and structures. Great Rivers’ 2013. Proceedings of the Congress of the 15th International Scientific and Industrial Forum (May 15–18, 2013). Nizhny Novgorod: NNGASU. 2013, pp. 227–230.
11. Motylev R.V., Faress Sami, Ahmed Aldebyat. Features of encumbrances related to construction in the Russian Federation (Quarterly development of residential complexes)”. International Journal of Trends in Research and Development (IJTSRD). 2021. Vol. 5. Iss. 3. March–April 2021, pp. 626–631.

High-frequency vibration impacts on water-saturated dispersed soils lead to the development of vibrocreep deformations. The magnitude of these deformations can be obtained from the results of dynamic triaxial tests. The paper presents the results of laboratory tests of clay soil samples of soft-plastic and fluid-plastic consistency. As a result of the tests, the rheological strengthening parameter and the dynamic viscosity of the soil were obtained. The laboratory test was simulated in a numerical formulation to clarify the dependence of dynamic viscosity on dynamic stresses. In the course of numerical experiments, the dependences of dynamic viscosity on dynamic stresses were obtained for clay soils of various consistency (soft-plastic, fluid-plastic and fluid consistency). Derived curves of vibrocreep based on Barkan’s theory of vibrocreep were obtained. Also, the actual wave propagation velocities for weak clay soils were obtained, which are necessary to determine the magnitude of the dynamic stresses that occur in the soil base. A number of numerical experiments on dynamic triaxial compression were performed to determine the dependence of dynamic viscosity on the magnitude of static and dynamic stresses for sandy soils.

R.A. MANGUSHEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering),
I.P. DYAKONOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering),
V.M. POLUNIN, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
M.R. GORKINA, bahelor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, Vtoraya Krasnoarmeiskaya Street, Saint-Petersburg, 190005, Russian Federation)

1. Makovskaya N.A., Glozman L.M. Dynamic research as a mandatory component of geotechnical monitoring. Rekonstruktsiya gorodov I geotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo. 2001. No. 4, pp. 94–100. (In Russian).
2. Shashkin M. A. Vibrodynamic monitoring of a building in real time with the function of controlling the technology of repair and construction works. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2017. No. 12, pp. 53–59. (In Russian).
3. Mangushev R.A., Gurskiy A.V., Polunin V.M. Assessment of the dynamic impact of vibration loading of sheet piles on the buildings of the surrounding development in conditions of weak water-saturated soil. Construction and Geotechnics. 2020. Vol. 11. No. 3, pp. 102–116. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2020.3.09
4. Mangushev R.A., Polunin V.M. Numerical simulation of the situation of occurrence of additional deformations of the base of the foundations of a new construction object during vibration extraction of sheet piles. Prirodnye i tekhnogennye riski. Bezopasnost’ sooruzhenij. 2020. No. 4, pp. 36–39. (In Russian).
5. Mangushev R.A., Gursky A.V., Polunin V.M. Accounting for influence of technological settlement of buildings of the surrounding development during the construction of sheet piling of adjacent pits. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Constructions]. 2020. No. 9, pp. 9–19. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-9-9-19
6. Ter-Martirsyan Z.G., Ter-Martirosyan A.Z. Creep Deformations of Soils under Cyclic and Vibratory Effects. Proceedings of the 18th Polish-Russian-Slovak seminar “Theoretical foundations of construction”. Moscow – Arkhangelsk. 2009. Warsaw. 2009, pp. 473–480. (In Russian).
7. Ter-Martirsyan Z.G., Ter-Martirosyan A.Z., Mirnyy A.Yu., Sobolev E.S., Angelo G.O. Influence of Frequency and Duration of Triaxial Vibration Tests in a Vibrostabilometer on the Development of Additional Deformations in Sandy Soils. Collection of articles of the scientific and technical conference “Modern geotechnologies in construction and their scientific and technical support”. Saint Peterburg: SPbGASU. 2014, pp. 450–455. (In Russian).
8. Voznesenskiy E.A. Dinamicheskaya neustoychivost’ gruntov [Dynamic instability of soils]. Moscow: URSS Publish. 2019. 264 p.
9. Barkan D.D. Vibrometod v stroitel’stve [Vibration method in construction]. Moscow: Gosstroyizdat. 1959. 111 p. (In Russian).
10. Ter-Martirsyan Z.G., Ter-Martirosyan A.Z., Sobolev E.S. Creep and Vibro-Creep Sandy Soils. Inzhenernye izyskaniya. 2014. No. 5–6, pp. 24–28. (In Russian).
11. Ter-Martirosyan A.Z., Mirnyy A.Yu., Sobolev E.S. Vibrocreep of sand soils. Geotechnics. 2014. No. 3, pp. 44–52. (In Russian).
12. Ter-Martirosyan A.Z., Sobolev E. S. Operating safety of foundations of buildings and structures under dynamic impact. Vestnik MGSU. 2017. Vol. 12. No. 5 (104), pp. 537–544. (In Russian).
13. Ter-Martirosyan Z.G., Ter-Martirosyan A.Z., Sobolev E.S. Determination of parameters of viscoelastic rheological model of sandy soils. Proceedings of the XVII International Interuniversity Conference of Students, Postgraduates and Young Scientists. Moscow: MGSU. 2014, pp. 234–238. (In Russian).
14. Ter-Martirosyan A.Z. Interaction of foundations of buildings and structures with water saturated foundations with consideration of nonlinear and rheological properties of soils. Moscow: MGSU. 2016. 324 p. (In Russian).
15. Mirsayapov I.T., Koroleva I.V. Research strength and deformability of clay soils with prolonged triaxial compression. Izvestiya KGASU. 2009. No. 2 (12), pp. 167–172. (In Russian).
16. Mirsajapov I.T., Koroleva I.V., Zaripova G.Z. Estimation of Seismic Stability of Bases Stacked Clays and Water-Saturated Sandstones. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering in Geotechnical Engineering: Materials of the International Scientific and Technical Conference. Novocherkassk: YURGPU (NPI), 2015, pp. 31–37. (In Russian)
17. Mirsayapov I.T., Koroleva I.V. The features of clay soil straining during cyclic triaxial compression. Geotechnics. 2010. No. 6, pp. 64–67. (In Russian).
18. Mirsayapov I.T., Koroleva I.V., Ivanova O.A. Low-cycle endurance and deformations of clay soils in the course of three-axial cyclic loading. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Constructions]. 2012, pp. 6–8. (In Russian).
19. Lobov I.K., Penkov D.V., Polunin V.M. Results of vibration monitoring of vibro-driving and vibro-extraction of sheet piles. Construction and Geotechnics. 2021. Vol. 12. No. 1, pp. 5–17. (In Russian).DOI: https://doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2021.1.01
20. Polunin V.M., Lobov I.K., Gurskiy A.V. Numerical modelling of the process of high-frequency vibration extraction of sheet piles in conditions of water-saturated dusty-sandy and silt-loam soil. Vestnik grazhdanskih inzhenerov. 2021. No. 2, pp. 94–101. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2021-18-2-94-101

In recent years, the state of public health protection systems in Russia has been assessed as critical. Dissatisfaction is caused both by the quality of medical services, their growing cost, and the results of treatment. As a result, there is a high mortality rate of the working-age population from chronic non-communicable diseases: cardiovascular, oncology, diabetes and a number of others. For example, mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases for every 100 thousand people in the whole of the Russian Federation exceed 620, and in the Belgorod region – 750. It is noted that the social responsibility of business is a concern for the preservation and strengthening of the health of employees of the enterprise. Investments in the health of employees (no more than 1% of the profit) in the near future will make it possible to additionally receive up to 10% to the same profit, with the deduction of huge funds to budgets.

M.G. RYZHKOV, Director

OOO “Medtsentr ZHBK-1” (5, Kommunalnaya Street, Belgorod, 308000, Russian Federation)

1. Sinyakova O.K., Shcherbinskaya E.S. Valeological support of professional activity as a basis for preserving professional health of employees. Zdorov’e i okruzhayushchaya sreda. 2019. No. 29, pp. 101–105. (In Russian).
2. Druzhilov S.A. Occupational health of workers and psychological aspects of professional adaptation. Uspekhi sovremennogo estestvoznaniya. 2013. No. 6, pp. 34–37.
3. Verbina G.G. Professional health of a specialist. Al’manakh sovremennoi nauki i obrazovaniya. 2008. No. 4–2, pp. 52–54. (In Russian).
4. Mazhaeva T.V., Dubenko S.E. Healthy lifestyle and the index of working capacity of workers at industrial enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region. Gigiena i sanitariya. 2021. Vol. 100. No. 12, pp. 1449–1454. (In Russian).
5. Hetman E.P., Gremina L.A. Management of the development of a healthy lifestyle in a production organization. Upravlencheskii uchet. 2021. No. 3–2, pp. 312–317. (In Russian).
6. Zheglova A.V., Lapko I.V., Rushkevich O.P., Bogatyreva I.A. An integrated approach to preserving the health of workers of large industrial enterprises. Zdravookhranenie Rossiiskoi Federatsii. 2021. Vol. 65. No. 4, pp. 359–364. (In Russian). DOI: 10.47470/0044-197X-2021-65-4-359-364
7. Kovalev S.P., Yashina E.R., Ushakov I.B., Turzin P.S., Lukichev K.E., Generalov A.V. Corporate programs for strengthening professional health of employees in the Russian Federation. Ekologiya cheloveka. 2020. No. 10, pp. 31–7. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33396/1728-0869-2020-10-31-37
8. Panova T.V. The health of the working population is the most important condition for the quality and productivity of labor. Ekonomicheskie nauki. 2018. No. 161, pp. 39–41. (In Russian).

The volume of individual housing construction in the country in 2021 exceeded the volume of multi-storey housing construction. The constructive solutions of many individual houses do not correspond to energy efficiency. This contradicts the trend of reducing heat emissions into the atmosphere. The lack of regulatory documents to ensure the energy efficiency of low-rise buildings causes concern. The article analyzes the possibilities of using the positive experience of industrial housing construction in relation to low-rise housing construction. The transition to a monolithic panel technology for the construction of low-rise buildings without welding works during the installation of buildings, which ensures the ecology of construction, is justified in detail. On the basis of the construction of the first pilot monolithic-panel house, data on the technological and economic efficiency of housing construction in monolithic-panel design are provided.

S.V. NIKOLAEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Honored Builder of the Russian Federation, Scientific Supervisor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

JSC “TSNIIEPzhilishcha” – Institute of Comprehensive design of residential and public buildings (JSC “TSNIIEPzhilishcha) (9, bldg.3, Dmitrovskoye Shosse, Moscow, 127434, Russian Federation)

1. Pilipenko V.M. Prospects for the development of modern industrial housing construction in Belarus. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2007. No. 7, pp. 55–57. (In Russian).
2. Nikolaev S.V. Architectural and urban planning system of panel-frame housing construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 3, pp. 15–25. (In Russian).
3. Sokolov B.S., Zenin S.A. Analysis of the regulatory base for designing reinforced concrete structures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 3, pp. 4–12. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-768-3-4-10
4. Filatov E.F. Energy-efficient architectural and construction system and its apabilities. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 10, pp. 50–56. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2021-10-50-56
5. Bessonov I.V., Zhukov A.D., Bobrova E.Yu. Building systems and features of the use of thermal insulation materials. Zhilishchnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing construction]. 2015. No. 7, pp. 49–52. (In Russian).
6. Malyavina E.G., Samarin O.D. Stroitel’naya teplofizika i mikroklimat zdanii [Construction thermophysics and microclimate of buildings]. Moscow: MISI–MGSU. 2018. 288 p.
7. Nikolaev S.V. Construction of panel-monolithic houses from factory-made house kits. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 10, pp. 10–16. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2021-10-10-16
8. Nikolaev S.V. Construction of low-rise housing from house sets of factory production. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 5, pp. 3–8. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2021-5-3-8
9. Shmelev S.E. Myths and truth about monolithic and precast housing construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 3, pp. 40–42. (In Russian).

The analysis of the technical condition of the operated reinforced concrete structures showed the need to assess their actual stress-strain state. For this purpose, experimental and theoretical studies of bendable reinforced concrete elements with initial defects have been carried out. Based on the experimental data obtained in the first part of the experimental study, a method has been developed for calculating the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams with cracks, based on the theory of fracture mechanics using empirical coefficients. For reinforced concrete beams having initial normal cracks in the stretched zone of concrete, the empirical coefficient is proposed to be determined depending on the height and number of normal cracks, the beam cross-section height and the cross-section reinforcement coefficient. For reinforced concrete beams having initial horizontal cracks in the compressed zone of concrete, the empirical coefficient is proposed to be determined depending on the length of horizontal cracks, the height of the damaged section in the compressed zone, the distance from the extreme compressed fiber to the horizontal crack and the cross-section reinforcement coefficient. A formula is given for calculating the bearing capacity of bent reinforced concrete elements with defects and damages, using empirical coefficients, as well as a formula for calculating the values of normal stresses in concrete of the compressed zone, depending on the characteristics of concrete, crack parameters and the critical stress intensity coefficient. The table shows the average values of the theoretical and experimental load-bearing capacity of the beams in each series. A comparative analysis of the results of theoretical calculations and experimental data showed good convergence, which proves the correctness of the proposed method for calculating bent reinforced concrete structures with defects and damages.calculations and experimental data showed good convergence, which proves the correctness of the proposed method for calculating bent reinforced concrete structures with defects and damages.

M.A. ORLOVA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
L.Yu. GNEDINA², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
А.М. IBRAGIMOV², Doctor of Sciences (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Ivanovo State Polytechnic University (21, Sheremetyevo Avenue, Ivanovo, 153000, Russia)
² National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Aloyan R.M., Ibragimov A.M., Lopatin A.N., Gushchin A.V. Monitoring of the state of zero-cycle structures of a multi-storey residential building after a long break. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 2, pp. 28–30. (In Russian).
2. Ibragimov A.M., Lopatin A.N., Gushchin A.V., Vinograi E.A. Technical diagnostics of the zero cycle of a 17-storey residential building with parking in Ivanovo. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 1–2, pp. 48–51. (In Russian).
3. Ibragimov A.M., Semenov A.S. Dependence between physical wear and technical condition of elements of buildings of housing stock. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 7, pp. 53. (In Russian).
4. Ibragimov A.M., Lopatin A.N.A.N., Gushchin A.V. Constructive solutions and technical diagnostics of the NARPIT building. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2008. No. 9, pp. 39–41. (In Russian).
5. Fedosov S.V., Ibragimov A.M., Gushchin A.V. The effect of heat and moisture treatment on the strength of reinforced concrete enclosing structures and products. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 9, pp. 7–8. (In Russian).
6. Orlova M.A. Tests of reinforced concrete beams with initial cracks. Part 1. Setting up and conducting an experiment. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2010. No. 8, pp. 39–42. (In Russian).
7. Orlova M.A. Testing of reinforced concrete beams with initial cracks. Part 2. The results of the experiment. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2010. No. 9, pp. 38–42. (In Russian).
8. Orlova M.A. Experimental studies of the strength of reinforced concrete beams with cracks. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 12, pp. 33–37. (In Russian).
9. Tamrazyan A.G., Orlova M.A. Experimental studies of the stress-strain state of reinforced concrete bent elements with cracks. Modern problems of calculation of reinforced concrete structures, buildings and structures for emergency impacts: collection of reports of the International Scientific Conference. Moscow: NIU MGSU. 2016, pp. 507–514. (In Russian).
10. Tamrazyan A.G., Orlova M.A. Experimental studies of the stress-strain state of reinforced concrete bending elements with cracks. Vestnik TGASU. 2015. No. 6, pp. 98–105. (In Russian).
11. Tamrazyan A.G., Orlova M.A. o the residual bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams with cracks. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 6, pp. 32–34. (In Russian).
12. Orlova M.A. Reinforced concrete beams with initial normal cracks in the stretched zone. The information environment of the university. Materials of the XXIV International Scientific and Technical Conference. Ivanovo: IVGPU. 2017, pp. 359–362. (In Russian).
13. Tamrazyan A.G., Orlova M.A. On the question of the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams with initial defects. Modern methods of calculation of reinforced concrete and stone structures by limiting conditions: collection of reports of the International scientific and practical conference “Loleitov readings-150”. Moscow: MISI–MGSU. 2018, pp. 423–428. (In Russian).
14. Orlova M.A. Method of calculating the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams with initial cracks. Engineering and Social systems: Collection of scientific papers of the Institute of Civil Engineering of the IVSPU. Ivanovo. 2018. Iss. 3, pp. 27–31. (In Russian).
15. Orlova M.A. Calculation of reinforced concrete bendable elements with initial cracks using empirical coefficients. Engineering and Social systems: Collection of scientific papers of the Institute of Civil Engineering of the IVSPU. Ivanovo. 2018. Iss. 3, pp. 31–34. (In Russian).
16. Orlova M.A. Bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams with normal and horizontal cracks. Engineering and Social Systems: collection of scientific and methodological works of the Institute of Architecture, Construction and Transport of the IVSPU. Ivanovo: IVGPU. 2021. Iss. 6, pp. 59–63. (In Russian).
17. Tamrazyan A.G., Orlova M.A. Finite element study of the stress-strain state of reinforced concrete beams with normal cracks. Nauchnoe obozrenie. 2016. No. 6, pp. 8–11. (In Russian).
18. Kukushkin I.S., Orlova M.A. Investigation of the stress-strain state of reinforced concrete beams with cracks in the VC “SCAD Office” v. 21. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering (IJCCSE). Moscow: ASV. 2016. Vol. 12. No. 1, pp. 103–109.
19. Orlova M.A. Modeling and calculation of bent reinforced concrete structures with initial defects in the software package “SCAD Office”. Object-spatial design of unique buildings and structures: a collection of materials of the I scientific and practical forum “SMARTBUILD”, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of construction education in the Ivanovo region and the creation of the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Ivanovo-Voznesensky Polytechnic Institute. Ivanovo: IVGPU. 2018, pp. 84–89. (In Russian).
20. Orlova M.A. Numerical studies of reinforced concrete bendable elements with initial normal cracks. Engineering and Social Systems: collection of scientific papers of the Institute of Architecture, Construction and Transport of the IVSPU. Ivanovo: IVGPU. 2019. Iss. 4, pp. 12–14. (In Russian).
21. Orlova M.A., Gnedina L.Yu., Ibragimov А.М. Assessment the condition of reinforced concrete bending elements with defects and damage. Part 1. Experimental investigations. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2022. No. 1–2, pp. 28–33. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2022-1-2-28-33

The methodology of teaching one of the sections of the discipline “Organization of construction production” in construction universities – design is described. A scientific approach to the application of current legislation in the practice of industrial activity in the organization of construction is presented. Students are invited to analyze open sources of project organizations, which are accepted as Internet platforms of electronic libraries for searching classical textbooks on the discipline, official Internet portals of legal information on project business, websites. The developed methodology helps students to comprehensively and deeply study design in real conditions, taking into account the existing provisions of regulatory documents in combination with the use of materials from existing design organizations. The modern educational and information technologies used, such as LMS Moodle, MSTeams, contributed to the complete collection and analysis of materials of project organizations from open sources. In the course of an industrial experimental study, students learn to establish a connection between the theoretical provisions of design in the organization of construction with the current provisions of regulatory documents and production activities. Thus, students gain experience working with regulatory documents and production materials

Ch.O. BAKHTINOVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering),
L.V. VOLKOVA, Candidate of Sciences (Economics),
V.V. BOGDANOVA, Graduate Student

Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, Vtoraya Krasnoarmeiskaya Street, Saint-Petersburg, 190005, Russian Federation)

1. Anoshko P.S. Stylistic features of textural parts of project documentation. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 9: issledovaniya molodykh uchenykh. 2016. No. 14, pp. 121–124. (In Russian).
2. Vasiliev Yu.V. All-Russian conference “Design documentation and engineering surveys: improving quality, reducing cost, reducing terms”. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2015. No. 1, pp. 62–63. (In Russian).
3. Volkov S.V. Osobennosti podgotovki zadaniya na proektirovanie ob”ektov kapital’nogo stroitel’stva. Setevoe izdanie «Institut stoimostnogo inzhiniringa i kontrolya kachestva stroitel’stva» (ISIIKKS) [Features of the preparation of a task for the design of capital construction facilities]. Network publication “Institute of cost engineering and construction quality control” (ISIIIKKS). Krasnoyarsk. 2019. https://in-regional.ru/realizatsiya-stroitelstva/proektnaya-dokumentatsiya/osobennosti-podgotovki-zadaniya-na-proektirovanie-ob-ektov-kapitalnogo-stroitelstva.html
4. Gil’miyarov L.D., Komkova A.V. Urban planning regulations as a tool for optimizing the process of preparing design documentation and reconstruction. Mezhdunarodnyi studencheskii nauchnyi vestnik. 2016. No. 3–4, pp. 45. (In Russian).
5. Zhivenko A.V., Pozhidaev B.V., Zhivenko V.A., Al’mukhamedov M.V., Timonov I.M. Poor design documentation as one of the factors of damage to buildings and structures. Sovremennaya nauka: aktual’nye problemy i puti ikh resheniya. 2016. No. 1 (23), pp. 59–62. (In Russian).
6. Zarenkov V.A. Upravlenie proektami [Project management]. Moscow: ASV. 2006. 312 p.
7. Zakharov M.S., Mangushev R.A. Inzhenerno-geologicheskie i inzhenerno-geotekhnicheskie izyskaniya v stroitel’stve [Engineering-geological and engineering-geotechnical surveys in construction]. Moscow: ASV. 2014. 176 p.
8. Kosterin I.V., Prisadkov V.I. Technical regulation of the examination of project documentation at the present stage: analysis of Russian and foreign practice. In the collection: modern fire safety materials and technologies. Collection of materials of the international scientific-practical conference dedicated to the 370th anniversary of the formation of the fire protection of Russia. 2019, pp. 610–614. (In Russian).
9. Mangushev R.A., Konyushkov V.V., Sapin D.A. Engineering and geotechnical surveys during construction and reconstruction in conditions of dense urban development. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2016. No. 5, pp. 47–54. (In Russian).
10. Mikhailov S.M., Mikhailov A.S. Post-industrial design: prerequisites, features, styles. Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2015. No. 5 (180), pp. 33–37. (In Russian).
11. Pasovistaya M.K., Devochkina M.I., Tsedilova T.V. Research, analysis and assessment of the compliance of design documentation with the requirements of technical regulations. In the collection: engineering and social systems. Collection of scientific works of the Civil Engineering Institute IVGPU. Ivanovo: ­IVGPU. 2016, pp. 56–60. (In Russian).
12. Sainov M.P. Transformation of higher education in construction and the quality of training of graduates. Stroitel’stvo: nauka i obrazovanie. 2020. Vol. 10. No. 2. Art. 7. (In Russian). DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2020.2.7
13. Stanislavsky A.R. Determination of the stages of design of construction projects in international and national regulatory documents. Ekonomika i menedzhment innovatsionnykh tekhnologii. 2014. No. 1. (In Russian). http://ekonomika.snauka.ru/2014/01/3642
14. Topchiy D.V., Yurgaitis A.Yu., Popova A.D. Planning of design work and the formation of initial permits for construction, overhaul, reconstruction and re-profiling. Nauka i biznes: puti razvitiya. 2019. No. 3 (93), pp. 24–30. (In Russian).
15. Topchiy D.V., Yurgaitis A.Yu., Yurgaitis Yu.S., Popova A.D. Optimization of planning processes for design work and approval of design estimates for capital construction, reconstruction and re-profiling facilities. Vestnik grazhdanskikh inzhenerov. 2019. No. 2 (73), pp. 93–98. (In Russian).
16. Shatalova E.P. Economic efficiency of the state examination of project documentation and the results of engineering surveys on the territory of the Russian Federation. Evraziiskii soyuz uchenykh. 2015. No. 1–3 (18), pp. 106–108. (In Russian).
17. Yuzefovich A.N. Organizatsiya, planirovanie i upravlenie stroitel’nym proizvodstvom [Organization, planning and management of construction production]. Moscow: ASV, 2013. 360 p.

Green spaces along with architectural ensembles, engineering and transport networks are city-forming components. The role of plants in creating a biota-friendly urban environment is enormous and diverse. Many Russian cities tend to shrink and degrade green spaces. The problem is caused by the quality of management decisions that are made at various stages of the life cycle of a settlement. The problem is associated with a poorly organized process of obtaining knowledge of the subject area, their structuring and formalization. To solve the problem of visualizing knowledge about urban green spaces, textological methods for extracting knowledge were used, which include methods for extracting it from legal and regulatory documents, scientific and special literature. The intension and extension of the concept and the rationale for some classifications and conceptual map of green space management are proposed for discussion. The demand for digital technology is growing. Formalization of the field of knowledge is needed for the implementation of urban planning activities and urban management. The formalization of the knowledge field has three main phases. The article deals with two phases – obtaining thematic knowledge and transforming the knowledge field into mental models.

O.N. DIACHKOVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, Vtoraya Krasnoarmeiskaya ul., Saint Petersburg, Russia, 190005)

1. D’yachkova O.N. Influence of the state of natural components of the urban environment on public health. Actual problems of the construction industry and education: a collection of reports from the First National Conference. Moscow: MISI–MGSU, 2020, pp. 449–554. (In Russian).
2. Danilina N.V., Majorzadehzahiri A. Analysis situation of urban green space framework in Tehran. Vestnik MGSU. 2021. Vol. 16. Iss. 8, pp. 975–985. (In Russian). DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2021.8.975-985
3. D’yachkova O.N. The ecological resource of an urbanized territory. Nedvizhimost’: ekonomika, upravlenie. 2021. No. 3, pp. 48–55.
4. D’yachkova O.N. Sustainable development of territories a residential district. Sustainable development of territories: Papers of International scientific conference. Moscow: MISI–MGSU, 2021, pp. 57–61. (In Russian).
5. D’yachkova O.N. The ecosystem of a residential district: problems, development prospects. Stroitel’stvo: nauka i obrazovanie. 2021. Vol. 11. Iss. 3.1. (In Russian). DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2021.3.1
6. Zlobin D.V. The rules of land use and city development as a legal principle for the formation of the natural frame. Vestnik PNIPU. Prikladnaya ekologiya. Urbanistika. 2020. No. 4 (40), pp. 81–95. (In Russian). DOI: 10.15593/2409-5125/2020.04.07
7. Nizamutdinov T.I., Kolesnikova E.V., Alexeev D.K. Influence of green spaces on the dynamics of air pollution in cities. Vestnik PNIPU. Prikladnaya ekologiya. Urbanistika. 2021. No. 1 (37), pp. 58–73. (In Russian). DOI: 10.15593/2409-5125/2021.01.05
8. Pogorelov A.B., Prokopenko H.C., Lipilin D.A. Forest belts in the city of Krasnodar: an assessment of the condition and changes (2003–2018). Vestnik PNIPU. Prikladnaya ekologiya. Urbanistika. 2019. No. 4 (36), pp. 79–91. (In Russian). DOI: 10.15593/2409-5125/2019.04.08
9. Vishnevskiy K.O., Gokhberg L.M., Dementiev V.V., Dranev Yu.Ya. Digital Technologies in the Russian Economy. Analytical report of the HSE under the editorship of L.M. Gokhberg. Moscow: National Research University Higher School of Economics. 2021. 116 p. (In Russian). DOI: 10.17323/978-5-7598-2199-1
10. Ginzburg A.V., Adamtsevich L.A., Adamtsevich A.O. Construction industry and the Industry 4.0 concept: a review. Vestnik MGSU. 2021. Vol. 16. Iss. 7, pp. 885–911. (In Russian). DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2021.7.885-911
11. Gavrilova T.A., Kudryavtsev D.V., Mouromtsev D.I. Inzheneriya znaniy. Modeli i metody. [Knowledge engineering. Models and Methods.] Saint Petersburg: Lan, 2020. 324 p.
12. Gavrilova T.A., Kudryavtsev D.V., Leshcheva I.A., Pavlov Ya.Yu. On a method of visual models classification. Biznes-informatika. 2013. No. 4 (26), pp. 21–34. (In Russian).
13. Gavrilova T.A., Strakhovich E.V. Visual analytical thinking and mind maps for ontology engineering. Ontologiya proektirovaniya. 2020. Vol. 10. No. 1 (35), pp. 87–99. (In Russian). DOI: 10.18287/2223-9537-2020-10-1-87-99
14. Begler A.M., Kudryavtsev D.V., Gavrilova T.A. Applying Ontologies to Integrate Empirical Research Data. KII-2020: Proceedings of the XVIII National Conference on Artificial Intelligence with International Participation. Moscow: MFTI. 2020, pp. 3–11. (In Russian).
15. D’yachkova O.N. Separate collection of solid household waste by residents of multi-family homes. Vestnik MGSU. 2021. Vol. 16. Iss. 7, pp. 838–858. (In Russian). DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2021.7.838-858
16. Telichenko V.I., Shcherbina E.V. Social-natural-technogenic system of sustainable environment of vital activity. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2019. No. 6, pp. 5–12. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33622/0869-7019.2019.06.5-12
17. Telichenko V.I., Benuzh А.А., Mochalov I.V., Bogachev A.V. Approbation of the requirements for the construction of «green» roofs of urban development. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2021. No. 9, pp. 12–17. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33622/0869-7019.2021.09.12-17
18. Korol E.A., Shushunova N.S. Use of innovative technologies of wall covering devices with modular greening systems. Vestnik MGSU. 2021. Vol. 16. Iss. 7, pp. 912–925. (In Russian). DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2021.7.912-925
19. Xia Qing. Architectural and landscape specifics of the recreational environment of chinain the traditions and novations of modernity. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing construction]. 2019. No. 1–2, pp. 52–57. (In Russian). DOI: 10.31659/0044-4472-2019-1-2-52-57
20. Bakaeva N.V., Chernyaeva I.V. Issues of greening the urban environment in the implementation of the functions of the biosphere-compatible city. Stroitel’stvo i rekonstruktsiya. 2018. No. 2 (76), pp. 85–94. (In Russian)
21. Borisov M.V., Bakaeva N.V., Chernyaeva I.V. Normative and technical regulation in the field of urban green space arrangement. Vestnik MGSU. 2020. Vol. 15. Iss. 2, pp. 212–222. (In Russian). DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2020.2.212-222
22. Gavrilova T.A. Khoroshevsky V.F. Bazy znaniy intellektual’nykh sistem [Knowledge bases of intelligent systems]. Saint Petersburg: Peter. 2000. 384 p.
23. D’yachkova O.N. Influence of soil contamination on ecological safety of St. Petersburg urban environment. Geoekologiya. Inzheneraya geologiya, gidrogeologiya, geokriologiya. 2020. No. 1, pp. 67–71. DOI: 10.31857/S0869780920010044. (In Russian)
24. D’yachkova O.N. Principles of strategic planning for the development of «green» infrastructure of the urban environment. Vestnik MGSU. 2021. Vol. 16. Iss. 8, pp. 1045–1064. (In Russian). DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2021.8.1045-1064

The problem of increasing the bearing capacity of foundations is always an urgent problem in modern geotechnical construction. With additional increased external loads on existing retaining structures, the use of traditional technologies to ensure their stability is not always justified. Often there is an urgent need to use non-standard methods of strengthening the bases. Cases of using existing retaining reinforced concrete structures for new additional loads from newly erected facilities are also quite frequent. The use of drilling-injection piles of ERT makes it possible to solve complex geotechnical problems associated with the possible strengthening of overloaded bases. An algorithm for the construction of buttresses to ensure the safe operation of the retaining wall during the construction of the zero cycle, as well as to create conditions for the dismantling of steel pipes of spacer structures has been developed and presented.

N.S. SOKOLOV^{1, 2} Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Director, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University (15, Moskovskiy Prospect, Cheboksary, 428015, Chuvash Republic, Russian Federation)
² OOO NPF “FORST” (109a, Kalinina Street, Cheboksary, 428000, Chuvash Republic, Russian Federation)

1. Ильичев В.А., Мангушев Р.А., Никифорова Н.С. Опыт освоения подземного пространства российских мегаполисов // Основания, фундаменты и механика грунтов. 2012. № 2. С. 17–20.
1. Ilichev V.A., Mangushev R.A., Nikiforova N.S. Experience of development of russian megacities underground space. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov. 2012. No. 2, pp. 17–20. (In Russian).
2. Улицкий В.М., Шашкин А.Г., Шашкин К.Г. Геотехническое сопровождение развития городов. СПб.: Геореконструкция, 2010. 551 с.
2. Ulickij V.M., Shashkin A.G., Shashkin K.G. Geotekhnicheskoe soprovozhdenie razvitiya gorodov [Geotechnical Support of Urban Development]. Saint Petersburg: Georeconstruction. 2010. 551 p.
3. Ilichev V.A., Konovalov P.A., Nikiforova N.S., Bulgakov L.A. Deformations of the Retaining Structures Upon Deep Excavations in Moscow. Proc. Of Fifth Int. Conf on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, April 3–17. New York, 2004, pp. 5–24.
4. Ilichev V.A., Nikiforova N.S., Koreneva E.B. Computing the evaluation of deformations of the buildings located near deep foundation tranches. Proc. of the XVIth European conf. on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. Madrid, Spain, 24–27th September 2007. «Geo-technical Engineering in urban Environments». Vol. 2, pp. 581–585.
5. Nikiforova N.S., Vnukov D.A. Geotechnical cut-off diaphragms for built-up area protection in urban underground development. The pros, of the 7thI nt. Symp. «Geotechnical aspects of underground construction in soft ground», 16–18 May, 2011. tc28 IS Roma, AGI, 2011, № 157NIK.
6. Nikiforova N.S., Vnukov D.A. The use of cut off of different types as a protection measure for existing buildings at the nearby underground pipelines installation. Proc. of Int. Geotech. Conf. dedicated to the Year of Russia in Kazakhstan. Almaty, Kazakhstan, 23–25 September 2004, pp. 338–342.
7. Petrukhin V.P., Shuljatjev O.A., Mozgacheva O.A. Effect of geotechnical work on settlement of surrounding buildings at underground construction. Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Prague, 2003.
8. Sokolov N.S. Ground Ancher Produced by Elektric Discharge Technology, as Reinforsed Concrete Structure. Key Enginiring Materials. 2018. June. 771:75-81. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.771.75
9. Sokolov N.S. Use of the piles of effective type in geotechnical construction. Key Enginiring Materials. 2018. June. 771:70-74. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific. net/KEM.771.70
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An indicator of the dynamism of construction theoretical science in Russia can only be a strategic plan for the most likely significant structural changes in the main capital construction projects in the country. The central content in this strategic plan should be theoretical substantiation of changes in the structural solutions of capital buildings and structures of settlements only with the aim of significant improvement in them: 1. reducing costs during their life cycle; 2. protection of life and health of people at the probable maximum levels of hazardous natural influences. Today, such the first change in the construction system of Russia should be the use in the calculations of all capital buildings and structures of settlements only the maximum force effects, which, due to a significant increase in the strength of their structures, will contribute to an increase in the terms of their reliable operation. Indeed, as you know, today federal laws and regulations of the Russian Federation for construction content require the construction of even the most massive residential and public capital buildings of settlements with only the shortest service life, which, first of all, makes it impossible for them, for example, in case of probable earthquakes, to protect even people’s lives.

A.V. GINZBURG¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering);
A.V. MASLYAEV², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research) (26, Yaroslavskoye Shosse, Moscow 129337, Russian Federation)
² Seismic Research Laboratory (27, bildg. A, rm, 51, Zemlyachkа Street, Volgograd, 51400117, Russian Federation)

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