The article is devoted to issues related to the prevention of the consequences of natural and man-made impacts on the housing stock of the Russian Federation located in seismically active regions. Approaches for assessing the deficit of seismic resistance of objects based on the use of two digital databases are considered: seismological with information about the seismic hazard of the territory with records of ground vibration parameters and engineering seismometric with information about seismic resistance classes of buildings and structures with records of dynamic parameters of structures based on automated monitoring that provides a prediction of the consequences of natural and technogenic impacts on construction objects. The features of the housing stock in seismically active areas, including its structure, and the problems of assessing the deficit of seismic resistance of construction objects are considered, the result of the analysis of information received from the constituent entities of the Russian Federation located in seismically active regions is given, the identified systemic problems related to determining the deficit of seismic resistance of apartment buildings are indicated. A technology for assessing and monitoring mechanical safety during the operation of buildings and structures based on the digitalization of the processes of registering external influences and responses of structures to these influences, predicting changes in the seismic resistance of buildings, their accounting, certification and strengthening, is proposed. Proposals are made to ensure earthquake resistance during the operation of housing stock facilities located in seismically active areas and to minimize the negative consequences of seismic impacts.

V.V. GURYEV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Head of the Department of Seismic Safety and Disaster Risk Reduction, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.M. DOROFEEV², Candidate of Sciences ((Physics and Mathematics), Scientific Supervisor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
R.T. AKBIEV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Head of the Department of Comprehensive Urban Planning Safety, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.I. BULYKIN³, Chief Specialist of the Independent Structural Unit “Regional projects”(This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Central Research and Design Institute of the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation (29, Vernadskogo Avenue, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation)
² Specialized scientific and technical enterprise “PROFINZH” (SSTE PROFINZH”) (22, bldg. 3, Boytsovaya Street, Moscow, 107150, Russian Federation)
³ Public Law Company “Territory Development Fund” (PLC “Territory Development Fund” (5, Sharikopodshipnikovskaya Street, Moscow, 107150, Russian Federation)

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15. Patent RF 2654831. Sposob mnogokanal’noi registratsii seismiche-skikh kolebanii na inzhenerno-seismometricheskoi stantsii. Guryev V.V., Dorofeev V.M., Lysov D.A., Denisov A.S., Katrenko V.G. Declared 23.06.2017. (In Russian).
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The results of experimental studies of the strength of masonry walls made of cellular concrete blocks under various force influences are presented. It is noted that the use of walls made of cellular concrete blocks with a density of D400–D600 in seismic areas can significantly reduce the magnitude of the seismic load on the structure. The behavior of masonry under the action of loads simulating seismic actions was studied, taking into account its reinforcement with composite materials based on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP). Data on test of full-size wall samples on the vibration platform, taking into account external reinforcement with carbon fiber tapes, are presented An increase in the seismic resistance of reinforced structures due to the use of composite materials has been revealed. The nature of the destruction of wall panels reinforced and non-reinforced with composite canvases is shown. According to the results of tests of fragments of walls made of cellular concrete blocks using reinforcement composite mesh based on basalt fiber, the effect of its use in axial stretching of masonry was noted. The use of a composite mesh with a 25x25 mm cell based on basalt fiber made it possible to increase the tensile strength of the masonry across the cross section by 28%.

A.V. GRANOVSKY, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
B.K. DZHAMUEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

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The accuracy of estimating seasonal power consumption by air conditioning units in rooms depends on the accepted climate model as the initial climate information. The estimation of the accuracy of determining the power consumption by the air conditioning system in Moscow was carried out by calculation. Three variants of the probabilistic-statistical model were considered: two models obtained from data of different weather stations according to different weather stations: VDNKh (Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy) and Moscow State University for the time period 1966–1980, and the third according to MSU data for years 1980–2010. The results of calculating the power consumption of the air conditioning unit according to the data of various weather stations in the same locality, relating to the same period, practically coincide. The results of calculating the power consumption by the air conditioning unit, according to the data obtained at one weather station during different periods, reflect the weather features of each segment. Moreover, various details of the probabilistic-statistical climate model were considered, so the models consisted of cells of combinations for temperature and relative humidity with different steps: temperature from 2^оC to 1^оC, relative humidity from 5% to 2.5%. The probabilistic-statistical climate model is the most acceptable for calculating the inertia-free process of air treatment in air conditioning units.

Е.G. МALYAVINA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
O. Yu. MALIKOVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) ((This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Samarin O.D., Lushin K.I. Assessment of the impact of climate change on the energy consumption for building microclimate systems. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2020. No. 1–2, pp. 21–24. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-1-2-21-24
2. Dyurmenova S.S., Makhov A.Yu. Ways to improve energy efficiency in buildings. Molodoi уchenyi. 2020. No. 31 (321), pp. 18–21. (In Russian).
3. Esipenok A.Yu., Senova O.N., Fedorov A.V. Energoeffektivnost’ – glavnyi shag k ustoichivomu klimatu [Energy efficiency is the main step towards a sustainable climate]. Saint-Peterburg: RSoES. 2021. 40 p. (In Russian).
4. Nishtha Agrawal, Bhupendra Bahadur Singh, Vivek Kumar Pandey. Fidelity of Regional Climate Model v4.6 in capturing seasonal and subseasonal variability of Indian summer monsoon. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans. V. 94. 2021, 101203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2021.101203
5. Lysèv V.I., Kotsyulim N.N., Kuchanskii V.A. Calculation of energy consumption for heating and cooling of buildings. Nauchnyi zhurnal NIU ITMO. Seriya Kholodil’naya tekhnika i konditsionirovanie. 2018. No. 1, pp. 3–12. (In Russian).
6. Ulyasheva V.M., Mikhailova D.G. Numerical study of the microclimate of restaurant hall using a VRF system. Vestnik grazhdanskikh inzhenerov. 2021. No. 2 (85), pp. 150–157. (In Russian).
7. Malyavina E.G., Ivanov D.S. Development for the calculation of the standard year for determining the heat loss from the parts of the building buried in the ground. Trudy Glavnoi geofizicheskoi observatorii im. A.I. Voeikova. 2014. Iss. 571, pp. 182–191. (In Russian).
8. Malyavina E.G., Kryuchkova O.Yu. Probabilistic-statistical climate model for calculations of energy consumption by air conditioning systems. Vestnik MGSU. 2011. No. 3. Vol. 1, pp. 389–394. (In Russian).
9. Malyavina Е.G., Malikova О.Yu. Comparison of the completeness of the climate probability-statistic model and the reference year model. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 365. 022009. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/365/2/022009
10. Malyavina E.G., Kryuchkova O.Yu., Kozlov V.V. Comparison of climate models for calculations of energy consumption by central air conditioning systems. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 6, pp. 24–26. (In Russian).

30 years of experience in the construction of housing, schools, kindergartens, and other social facilities using the innovative industrial technology of the prefabricated monolithic frame of the Recon-SMK Group of Companies has shown a high degree of freedom in creating a harmonious urban environment. The speed of construction of buildings and structures increases, and the cost of construction decreases when the plant for the production of building materials is located next to the construction site and at the same time has optimal capacity and universal technology that makes it possible to produce a wide range of products. Based on the experience of the Recon-SMK Group of Companies (Cheboksary), which offers Russian technological equipment for the production of high-quality, affordable and energy-efficient building materials, it is shown that the supply of reinforced concrete products to other regions due to an increase in transportation costs, which can be up to 90% of the cost of production, makes such production of building materials unprofitable. In order to create decent living conditions for specialists, including those working in small towns and villages, ensuring the successful development of the agro-industrial complex, it is proposed to build affordable housing and high-quality roads made of reinforced concrete products manufactured on universal domestic equipment “Mini-DSC” - the own development of the machine-building plant CJSC “Recon”, part of the GC “Recon-QMS”.

V.A. SHEMBAKOV, Head of GK “REKON-SMK”, General Director of ZAO “Rekon”, RF Honored Builder, Head of the Author 's Team for the development and implementation of SMK technology (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

ZAO “Rekon” (20a, Dorozhny Drive, Cheboksary, 428003, Chuvash Republic, Russian Federation)

1. Mailyan R.L., Mailyan D.R., Veselov Yu.A. Stroitel’nye konstruktsii [Building structures]. Rostov-on-Don: Feniks, 2005. 880 p.
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3. Shembakov V.A. Possibilities to use the russian technology of precast-monolithic frame for construction of qualitative affordable housing and roads in Russia. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Мaterials]. 2017. No. 3, pp. 9–15. (In Russian).
4. Sokolov B.S., Zenin S.A. Analysis of the regulatory base for designing reinforced concrete structures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 3, pp. 4–12. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-757-3-4-12
5. Shembakov V.A. Sborno-monolitnoe karkasnoe domostroenie [Combined and monolithic frame housing construction]. Cheboksary, 2013.
6. Nikolaev S.V. Innovative Replacement of Large-Panel Housing Construction by Panel-Monolithic Housing Construction (PMHC). Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 3, pp. 3–10. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-3-3-10
7. Shapiro G.I., Zenin S.A., Sharipov R.Sh., Kudinov O.V. Rationing in large-panel housing construction: the new set of rules on design of large-panel constructive systems. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2018. No. 2, pp. 10–15. (In Russian).
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10. Pavlenko D.V., Shmelev S.E., Kuznetsov D.V., Sapronov D.V., Fisenko S.S., Damrina N.V. Universal system of prefabricated housing construction RB-South – from the idea to implementation on the construction site. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 3, pp. 4–10. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-768-3-4-10

To reduce the time of civil construction, modern industrial technologies of high­rise housing construction are considered. Construction based on precast reinforced concrete has a competitive advantage over in­situ housing construction in their mass production. Based on the analysis of world experience in high­rise prefabricated housing construction shows the possibilities of using prefabrication construction for buildings with a height of more than 200 m. In Russia, the experience of high­rise prefabricated housing construction is practically absent. At present, the PIK company is implementing the first 33­storey residential large­panel houses of the PIK platform. The article discusses the analysis of foreign and domestic experience in the implementation of high­rise structural buildings. The issues of design, scientific research, production, installation, quality control and monitoring of the state of structures during the life cycle of a high­rise large­panel building are outlined. The successful application of industrial building technologies based on prefabricated reinforced concrete makes it possible to ensure the quality of large­panel housing construction, increase the rate of construction of building structures by 2–3 times and reduce its time compared to in­situ buildings.

E.V. RUMYANTSEV, Head of the Design Department (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

LLC “PIK­Management” (19/1, Barrikadnaya Street, Moscow, 123242, Russian Federation)

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53. Суур-Аскола П. Технологически усовершенствованный продукт от компании Peikko – тросовая петля PVL // Жилищное строительство. 2013. № 3. С. 21–23.
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54. Зенин С.А. Проектирование жилых крупнопанельных домов с применением бессварных стыков на тросовых петлях // Жилищное строительство. 2013. № 7. С. 14–15.
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55. PVL Connecting Loop. Technical Manual. Peikko Group. 2019, 30 p.
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60. Румянцев Е.В., Байбурин А.Х., Соловьев В.Г., Ахмедьянов Р.М., Бессонов С.В. Динамика набора прочности самоуплотняющихся мелкозернистых бетонов при зимнем бетонировании стыков // Строительные материалы. 2021. № 10. С. 12–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-796-10
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The annual growth in the volume of individual housing construction (IHC) opens up new opportunities for using industrial methods of housing construction. The obvious source of volume growth is the production capacities of house-building plants and reinforced concrete structures factories, which today have been preserved, operate and have underutilized reserves. However, the products produced by these enterprises are mainly intended for the construction of multi-storey, apartment buildings. The use of these products for the construction of one-two storey houses requires scientific and practical rethinking. The same is required by the construction market, which is constantly expanding due to the appearance of new materials and products, including facade finishing materials. Among such effective finishing materials, the author refers to the use of thermal panels and planken – thin wooden fences, which have not yet been used in panel houses. The author gives an example of factory production of panels of external three-layer walls with subsequent fixing on the facade concrete layer of thermal panels. The inefficiency of this solution is obvious. As an alternative to this solution, the author proposes to produce at the factory two-layer panels of external walls with a bearing concrete layer, insulation and special embedded parts for attaching to them at the construction site various types of hinged facades, including thermal panels and planken. The design of a two-layer external panel of factory production is described in detail, design data, economic efficiency of two-layer panels are given. Evaluation of the construction of multi-storey buildings with the use of two-layer panels of factory-made exterior walls makes it possible to suggests that the use of such panels will create a new product that will find wide application in the practice of individual housing construction.

S.V. NIKOLAEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Honored Builder of the Russian Federation, Scientific Supervisor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

JSC “TSNIIEPzhilishcha” – Institute of Comprehensive design of residential and public buildings (JSC “TSNIIEPzhilishcha)(9, bldg. 3, Dmitrovskoye Highway, Moscow, 127434, Russian Federation)

1. Nikolaev S.V. Monolithic-panel low-rise buildings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2022. No. 3, pp. 8–15. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2022-3-8-15
2. Nikolaev S.V. Construction of panel-monolithic houses from factory-made house kits. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 10, pp. 10–16. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2021-10-10-16
3. Nikolaev S.V. Construction of low-rise housing from house sets of factory production. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 5, pp. 3–8. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2021-5-3-8
4. Shmelev S.E. Myths and truth about monolithic and precast housing construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 3, pp. 40–42. (In Russian).
5. Nikolaev S.V. Architectural and urban planning system of panel-frame housing construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 3, pp. 15–25. (In Russian).
6. Sokolov B.S., Zenin S.A. Analysis of the regulatory base for designing reinforced concrete structures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 3, pp. 4–12. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-768-3-4-10
7. Malyavina E.G., Samarin O.D. Stroitel’naya teplofizika i mikroklimat zdanii [Construction thermophysics and microclimate of buildings]. Moscow: MISI–MGSU. 2018. 288 p.

Studies show that explosive impacts have a pronounced random character, therefore, it is possible to talk about the stability of buildings and structures to such impacts only with a certain degree of probability. An assessment of the reliability of the built-in underground structure was performed, taking into account the random nature of the initial impact of an air shock wave, as well as the random strength of materials. For this purpose, a deterministic solution of the problem of calculating a underground structure built-in in the lower floor of a multi-storey building when exposed to an air shock wave, taking into account the collapse of the overlying structures, is obtained. The solution of the deterministic problem was carried out with the help of the gas-dynamic approach using nonlinear dynamic methods, which make it possible to solve such problems in a more rigorous and complete formulation, in contrast to the equivalent static methods used in regulatory documents. In this case, mathematical models of soils were used, which make it possible to most accurately reproduce the dynamic behavior of dense and water-saturated soils, as well as nonlinear models of materials. Reliability assessment was carried out using the methods of the theory of reliability of building structures and probability theory. The results of the calculation showed that the developed technique makes it possible to design built-in underground structures with a set level of reliability.

O.V. MKRTYCHEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering),
A.Yu. SAVENKOV, Postgraduate Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoye Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Rayzer V.D. Teoriya nadezhnosti v stroitel’nom proektirovanii [Reliability theory in building design]. Mosсow: ASV. 1998. 304 p. (In Russian).
2. Rayzer V.D. Teoriya nadegnosti [Reliability theory]. Mosсow: ASV. 2010. 384 p. (In Russian).
3. Mkrtychev O.V., Rayzer V.D. Teoriya nadezhnosti v proektirovanii stroitel’nykh konstruktsii [Reliability theory in the design of building structures]. Mosсow: ASV. 2016. 908 p. (In Russian).
4. Nevskaya E.E. Main Methods of the Blast Waves Parameters Assessment at Emergency Explosions. Principles of Designing Blast Resistant Buildings and Structures. Ingenernoe delo. 2017. No. 9, pp. 20–29. (In Russian). doi: 10.2400/0409-2961-2017-9-20-29
5. Mkrtychev O.V., Savenkov A.Yu. Gas-dynamic approach to the calculation of an underground structure for the impact of an air shock wave. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2022. No. 12, pp. 8–14. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2022-12-8-14
6. Mkrtychev O.V. Savenkov A.Y. Reliability of building structures in case of an air blast wave. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020. 052054. (In Russian). doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/869/5/052054

A calculation module for predicting temperature changes in the soil base using numerical modeling with the help of finite elements is presented. A detailed algorithm for the implementation of the temperature problem is presented, indicating the accepted physical equations; accepted methods for generating local stiffness matrices and mass matrix; methods for generating local vectors of the right side; accepted method of solving the problem in time. The description of the used scientific software libraries in the python programming language for generating a finite element mesh for computational domains is given. Verification of the calculation results obtained by the authors is confirmed by the high convergence of the temperature values in the soil base, which were obtained in the Termoground calculation module.

I.I. SAKHAROV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.M. POLUNIN, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
P.V. LITVINOV, Student, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190005, Russian Federation)

1. Tsytovich N.A. Mekhanika merzlyh gruntov (obshchaya i prikladnaya) [Mechanics of frozen soils (general and applied)]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola. 1973. 448 p.
2. Sakharov I.I. Modern approaches to the design of foundations and foundations for permafrost objects, taking into account the effects of global warming. Modern theoretical and practical issues of geotechnics: new materials, designs, technologies and calculation methods (GFAC 2021). Saint Petersburg. 2021. Vol. 1, pp. 9–10. (In Russian).
3. Andrianov P.I. Temperatura zamerzaniya gruntov [Soil freezing temperature]. Moscow: Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1936. 16 p.
4. Berezantsev V.G. Raschet osnovanij sooruzhenij. [Calculation of the foundations of structures]. Leningrad: Publishing house of literature on construction. 1970. 212 p.
5. Kronik Ya.A. Raschety temperaturnyh polej i napryazhenno-deformirovannogo sostoyaniya gruntovyh sooruzhenij metodom konechnyh elementov [Calculations of temperature fields and stress-strain state of soil structures by the finite element method]. Moscow: MISI. 1982. 102 p.
6. Segerlind L. Primenenie metoda konechnyh elementov [Application of the finite element method]. Moscow: Mir. 1979. 392 p.
7. Karlov V.D. Osnovaniya i fundamenty na sezonnopromerzayushchih puchinistyh gruntah [Bases and foundations on seasonally freezing heaving soils]. Saint Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya 2007. 359 p.
8. Sakharov I.I. Physicomechanics of cryoprocesses in soils and its applications in assessing the deformations of buildings and structures. D-r. Diss. (Engineering). Saint Petersburg. 1995. (In Russian).
9. Mangushev R.A., Karlov V.D., Sakharov I.I. Mekhanika gruntov [Soil mechanics]. Moscow: ASV. 2011. 264 p.
10. Welli Yu.Ya., Dokuchaeva V.I., Fedorova N.F. Spravochnik po stroitel’stvu na vechnomerzlyh gruntah [Reference book on construction on permafrost soils]. Leningrad: Stroyizdat. 1977. 552 p.
11. Aramanovich I.G., Levin V.I. Uravnenie matematicheskoj fiziki [Equation of mathematical physics]. Moscow: Nauka. 1969. 288 p.
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15. Pirumov U.G. Chislennye metody. [Numerical methods]. Moscow: MAI. 1998. 188 p.
16. Kudryavcev S.A., Saharov I.I., Paramonov V.N. Promerzanie i ottaivanie gruntov prakticheskie primery i konechnoelementnye raschety [Freezing and thawing of soils practical examples and finite element calculations]. St. Petersburg: Georeconstruction. 2014. 260 p.
17. Kudryavtsev S.A. Calculations of the process of freezing and thawing using the program «TERMOGROUND”. Urban reconstruction and geotechnical construction. 2004. Vol. 1. No. 8, pp. 83–97. (In Russian).
18. Gallager R. Metod konechnyh elementov osnovy [Fundamental Finite Element Method]. Moscow: Mir. 1984. 428 p.

A rigid screw connection consisting of prefabricated reinforced concrete columns interconnected by a screw connection, as well as prefabricated crossbars containing embedded parts connected by screws, as well as prefabricated floor slabs containing embedded parts in their four corners is proposed. The use of such a unit leads to an increase in the quality of installation of prefabricated buildings and a reduction in construction time.

S.A. SYCHEV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
G.M. BADIN³, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
AL-HABEEB Ahmed A.¹, Postgraduate, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
ABASS Agadeer А.^1,2, Postgraduate (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin” (19, Mira Street, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk oblast 620002, Russian Federation)
² University of Diyala (Diyala city, 32001, Iraq)
³ Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (19, Noviy Arbat Street, Moscow, 127025, Russian Federation)

1. Sychev S.A. Perspective high-tech building systems for prefabricated transformable multi-storey buildings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 4, pp. 36–40.
2. Oleinik P.P. Industrial’no-mobil’nye metody vozvedeniya predpriyatii, zdanii i sooruzhenii [Industrial-mobile methods of construction of enterprises, buildings and structures]. Moscow: ASV. 2021. 488 p.
3. Topchiy D.V., Kochurina E.O., Zalmanov A.A. Technology “Top and down”. Technologiya I organizatsia stroitelnogo proizvodstva. 2016. No. 1 (11), pp. 7–10.
4. Lapidus A.A., Vasneva D.A. Optimization of construction flows by reducing the time of concrete work. Technologiya I organizatsia stroitelnogo proizvodstva. 2016. No. 1 (11), pp. 3–6.
5. Sychev S.A., Bad’in G.M. Tekhnologii stroitel’stva i rekonstruktsii ehnergoehffektivnykh zdanii [Technologies of construction and reconstruction of energy-efficient buildings]. Saint Petersburg: BHV-Peterburg. 2017. 464 p.
6. Sychev S.A., Badin G.M., Abass Agadeer A., Al-Habeeb Ahmed A. Passive methods of mounting elements of volume-block housing construction in conditions of limited energy resources. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2022. No. 10, pp. 27–32. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2022-10-27-32
7. Sychev S.A. Technological principles of accelerated housing construction, the prospect of automated and robotic assembly of buildings. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2016. No. 3, pp. 66–70. (In Russian).
8. Guan D., Jiang C., Guo Z., Ge H., Development and seismic behavior of precast concrete beam-to-column connections. Journal of Earthquake Engineering. 2016. No. 22, pp. 234–256.
9. Girgin S.C., Misir I.B., Kahraman S., Experimental cyclic behavior of precast hybrid beam-column connections with welded components. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials. 2017. No. 11 (2), pp. 229–245.

The uniqueness of the historical center of St. Petersburg lies in the spatial harmony of the city and its surroundings, where small towns and settlements alternate with undeveloped territories, agricultural and forest lands, as well as the water area. It is this historically formed integrity that has been under UNESCO protection since 1990. In this regard, the preservation of the old residential buildings of St. Petersburg is an important urban planning task of the city. One of the directions in solving this problem in modern conditions, due to the increase in moral and physical deterioration of the outdated housing stock, is its reconstruction. Modern reconstruction of buildings is a labor-intensive and complex segment of construction, as it requires considerable investment, takes quite a long time due to the implementation of a lot of technological operations and the need to coordinate actions with the relevant services. During the reconstruction of buildings, the external walls are usually kept unchanged or strengthened, if necessary, from the inside, without changing the appearance of the building, preserving its historical and cultural value, as well as architectural expressiveness. The paper presents the main stages of reconstruction of residential buildings, which are considered on a concrete example.

I.M. CHAKHKIEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.U. DORONIN, Master’s student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
D.N. MATIUSHKIN, Master’s student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya Street, Saint Petersburg, 190005, Russian Federation)

1. Golovina S.G. Architectural and structural features of the stages of development of the historical residential development of St. Petersburg of the XVIII – early XX centuries. Vestnik grazhdanskikh inzhenerov. 2019. No. 6 (77), pp. 36–43. (In Russian).
2. Perov V.A. The current state and content of the processes of repair of housing stock objects. Problemy sovremennoi ekonomiki. 2010. No. 3 (35), pp. 387–392. (In Russian).
3. Osipov Yu.L. Overhaul of apartment buildings in St. Petersburg: problems and development. Problemy sovremennoi ekonomiki. 2013. No. 3 (47), pp. 393–394. (In Russian).
4. Vedeneeva O.V. Improvement of the economic and organizational mechanism of reconstruction and capital repairs of the housing stock. Munitsipal’naya ekonomika. 2012. No. 4 (52), pp. 92–98. (In Russian).
5. Larina N.A. Economic problems of reconstruction and restoration of housing stock of various forms of ownership on the example of the historical center of St. Petersburg. Problemy sovremennoi ekonomiki. 2013. No. 3, pp. 336–339. (In Russian).
6. Buzyrev V.V. Renovation of residential buildings as an important factor in increasing the life cycle of housing stock in the region. Problemy sovremennoi ekonomiki. 2012. No. 4 (44), pp. 285–288. (In Russian).
7. Mukhaev A.I., Popova I.V., Dedichkina Yu.V. Analysis of the current state and prospects of housing construction development in the Russian Federation. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2014. No. 3, p. 332. (In Russian).
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10. Zolotozubov D.G. Bezgodov M.A. Rekonstruktsiya zdanii i sooruzhenii [Reconstruction of buildings and structures]. Perm: PNRPU. 2013. 161 p.
11. Shesterov E.A., Panin A.N. Features of the survey of the technical condition of building structures of buildings of historical development of St. Petersburg. Integration, partnership and innovation in construction science and education. Collection of materials of the international scientific conference. Moscow: MGSU. 2017, pp. 298–302. (In Russian).
12. Zahra T., Asad M., Tambu J. The influence of geometry on the compression characteristics of bonded brickwork. Structures. 2021. Vol. 32, pp. 1408–1419.
13. Wang J., Heath A., Walker P. Experimental investigation of the behavior of brickwork during shear, compression and bending. Construction and building materials. 2013. Vol. 48, pp. 448–456.

The work of the dowel joints with claw washers in the structures of glued veneer lumber has not been studied fully enough. To understand the stress-strain state of the node elements, it is necessary to consider the behavior of the connector components under load. The article considers studies of the behavior of LVL material when crumpled by cylindrical and triangular stamps from the action of short-term load, taking into account changes in humidity, stamp size and angle of force application to the fibers. The test procedure for determining the strength and stiffness parameters of the socket of the connectors in LVL is given. The bed coefficient and the tensile strength were experimentally obtained, and the expressions of multifactor regression were determined. It is noted that an increase in humidity and the angle of action of the load in relation to the fibers reduces the tensile strength and the bed coefficient. Increasing the size of the stamp reduces the strength and rigidity. An inversion was found in the results for a triangular stamp with the direction of forces along the fibers, leading to a situation where the bed coefficient and the tensile strength for a triangular stamp at an angle α= 33 degrees does not depend on their dimensions. The found dependencies can be used to calculate the first and second groups of limit states for dowel joints in LVL constructions with claw washers by substituting the obtained data into the calculation formulas.

A.G. CHERNYKH, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
R.V. KHOKHRIN, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
E.V. DANILOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
P.S. KOVAL, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya Street, Saint Petersburg, 190005, Russian Federation)

1. Chernykh A.G., Danilov E.V., Koval P.S. Calculation of the stiffness of joints of structures made of LVL with claw washers. Izvestiya vuzov. Lesnoy Zhurnal. 2020. No. 4, pp. 157–167. (In Russian).DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2020-4-157-167
2. Danilov E.V. Investigation of the long-term strength of LVL when crushed by a cylindrical die. Vestnik grazhdanskikh inzhenerov. 2014. No. 4 (45), pp. 38–42. (In Russian).
3. Danilov E.V. Investigation of the short-term strength of LVL under triangular die collapse. Vestnik grazhdanskikh inzhenerov. 2014. No. 1 (42), pp. 28–33. (In Russian).
4. Kritsin A.V. Calculation of through wooden structures on metal toothed plates, taking into account elastic-viscous and plastic deformations. Diss. … Candidate of Sciences (Engineering). Nizhny Novgorod. 2004. 180 p.
5. Sheshukova N.V. Mikhailov B.K. Dlitel’naya prochnost’ i deformativnost’ derevyannykh konstruktsiy na nagel’nykh soyedineniyakh [Long-term strength and deformability of wooden structures on dowel joints]. St. Petersburg: SPbGASU. 2006. 169 p.
6. Vladimirova O.V., Popov E.V., Labudin B.V. Optimization of the shape of the claw washer from the condition of the maximum allowable shear. Security of the building stock in Russia. Problems and Solutions: Proceedings of International Academic Readings. Kursk, November 18, 2020, pp. 11–20. (In Russiaan).
7. Popov E.V., Ruslanova A.V., Sopilov V.V., Zhdralovich N. et al. Contact interaction of a claw washer with wood from limit shear. Izvestiya vuzov. Lesnoy Zhurnal. 2020. No. 4 (376), pp. 178–189. (In Russian). DOI 10.37482/0536-1036-2020-4-178-189
8. Chybiński Marcin, Polus Łukasz. Mechanical behaviour of aluminium-timber composite connections with screws and toothed plates. Materials. 2022. Vol. 15. Iss. 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15010068
9. Telichenko V.I., Rimshin V.I., Karelskii A.V. et al. Strengthening technology of timber trusses by patch plates with toothed-plate connectors. Journal of Industrial Pollution Control. 2017. Vol. 33 (1), pp. 1034–1041.
10. Blaβ H.J., Ehlbeck J., Schlager M. Characteristic strength of tooth-plate connector joints. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff. 1993. Vol. 51, pp. 395–399 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02628236
11. Mettem C.J., Page A.V. Davis G. Validatory tests and proposed design formulae for the load-carrying capacity of toothed-plate connectored joints. Papers of the 26th.
12. Gorozhankin S.A., Shitov A.A., Savenkov N.V. Techniques for Approximation of Dependences of Several Variables in MS Excel and Mathcad. Informatika, telekommunikatsii i upravleniye. 2016. No. 3 (247). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/metodiki-dlya-approksimatsii-zavisimostey-neskolkih-peremennyh-v-programmnoy-srede-ms-excel-i-mathcad
13. Glukhikh V.N., Chernykh A.G., Danilov E.V. Derevyannyye konstruktsii s primeneniyem kogtevykh shayb i uchetom nachal’nykh napryazheniy drevesiny: monografiya [Wooden structures using claw washers and taking into account the initial stresses of wood: monograph]. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 2018. 284 p.

The provision of calculated air exchange when using duct systems of natural ventilation and organizing cross-ventilation is a difficult to predict value, therefore, in multi-storey residential buildings, systems with mechanical stimulation are increasingly used every year. However, there are a number of problems associated with the need for maintenance and repair, as well as the generation of noise outside and inside the building. In practice, despite the existence of recommendations for limiting noise from engineering equipment, when designing and commissioning an object, proper control of acoustic characteristics is practically not carried out. The problem of noise pollution can limit the use of mechanical ventilation. As part of the study, noise generated by mechanical ventilation systems during the day and at night in the apartments of the last floor of a three-section residential building located in Moscow was measured. About a third of the surveyed apartments in the multi-storey residential building had excess noise levels during the day and at night. The main reasons for the formation of increased levels of sound pressure were poor-quality installation work of ventilation systems.

D.V. ABRAMKINA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoye Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Навроцкая А.А., Васильев Ю.В. Влияние шума технологического оборудования жилых зданий на качество жизни и здоровье человека // FORCIPE. 2021. Т. 4. С. 223.
1. Navrotskaya A. A., Vasil’ev Yu. V. Influence of noise technological equipment noise in residential buildings on quality of life and human health. FORCIPE. 2021. Vol. 4, pр. 223. (In Russian)
2. Harvie-Clark J., Siddal M. Problems in residential design for ventilation and noise // Acoustics Bulletin. 2013. № 35 (1), pp. 74–87.
3. Hurtley C., Bengs D. Night noise guidelines for Europe. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe. 2009. 184 p.
4. Torresin S., Albatici R., Aletta F., Babich F., Oberman T., Kang G. Acoustic design criteria in naturally ventilated residential buildings: new research perspectives by applying the indoor soundscape approach. Applied Sciences. 2019. Vol. 9 (24). No. 5401.
5. Кузнецова Е.Б. Санитарно-гигиенические требования к уровням шума в жилых зданиях и на территории жилой застройки. Существующая практика применения // Здоровье – основа человеческого потенциала: проблемы и пути их решения. 2018. Т. 3. № 2. С. 853–862.
5. Kuznetsova E.B. Sanitary and hygienic requirements for noise levels in residential buildings and residential areas. Current use. Zdorov’e – osnova chelovecheskogo potentsiala: problemy i puti ikh resheniya. 2018. Vol. 13. No. 2, pp. 853–862. (In Russian).
6. Лазаренко Н.В., Веретина И.А., Дегтярёва Ю.В. Опыт проведения измерений физических факторов по жалобам населения в г. Москве. Материалы Всероссийской научно-практической конференции / Под ред. А.Ю. Поповой. М., 2017. С. 219–222.
6. Lazarenko N.V., Veretina I.A., Degtyareva Y.V. Experience of measuring physical factors on complaints of the population in Moscow. Materials of the Russian scientific and practical conference edited by A.Y. Popova. Moscow. 2017, pp. 219–222.
7. Harvie-Clark J., Conlan N., Wei W., Siddall M. How loud is too loud? Noise from domestic mechanical ventilation systems. International journal of ventilation. 2019. Vol. 18 (3), pp. 1–10. DOI: 10.1080/14733315.2019.1615217
8. Lan L., Sun Y., Wyon D.P., Wargocki P. Pilot study of the effects of ventilation and ventilation noise on sleep quality in the young and elderly. Indoor Air. 2021. Vol. 31 (6), pp. 2226–2238. DOI: 10.1111/ina.12861
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11. Rasmussen B., Machimbarrena M. Integrating and harmonizing sound insulation aspects in sustainable urban housing constructions. COST Action TU0901, 2014. 94 p.
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14. Bolomatov V.N. Air tightness: problems and solutions. AVOK. 2017. No. 6, pp. 38–47. (In Russian).