The article discusses a method for calculating solar radiation reflected from the underlying surface, taking into account its shading by surrounding buildings and the albedo value of urban coatings. To determine the shading of the underlying surface, methods for calculating the insolation of residential areas were applied. For a more accurate calculation of the total solar radiation, it is proposed to take into account the period of shading and irradiation of the underlying surface in the structure of the studied object by creating an insographic plot for the selected zone located at a given geographical latitude and on a given calendar date. Thus, the presented article proposes a method for calculating reflected radiation, taking into account various conditions of irradiation of the underlying surface at a given geographical latitude and on a given calendar date. The developed calculation method is adapted to the construction industry: an insgraphic plot and an envelope of shadows are created for the selected calendar date. The values of the irradiated and shaded area of the selected zone from buildings at each hour of the calculated day were determined. According to the developed method, calculations of the reflected solar radiation from the selected horizontal area were carried out, taking into account its irradiation and shading for the selected calendar date; the results were analyzed; the need to take into account the solar radiation reflected from it in the calculations of the shading of the underlying surface was shown.

E.V. KORKINA^1,2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
N.Y. PLYUSHCHENKO², Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.G. GAGARIN^1,2, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor, Corresponding member of RAACS (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
E.V. VOITOVICH³, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)

¹ Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
³ Moscow Polytechnic University (38, Bolshaya Semyonovskaya Street, Moscow, 107023, Russian Federation)

1. Seferyan L.A., Vorontsova O.V., Shvets Yu.S. Methods for improving of energy-effiiciency of buildings. Inzhenerniy vestnik Dona. 2018. No. 2 (49), pp. 130. (In Russian).
2. Kovylin A.V., Ershova V.O. Influence of the thermophysical properties of fencing constructions on energy saving in buildings and structures. Energo- i resursosberezhenie: promyshlennost’ i transport. 2018. No. 1 (22), pp. 18–20. (In Russian).
3. Dvoreczkij A.T., Spiridonov A.V., Shubin I.L. Nizkoenergeticheskie zdaniya: okna, fasady, solncezashhita, energoeffektivnost` [Low energy buildings: windows, facades, sun protection, energy efficiency]. Moscow: Direkt-Media. 2022. 232 p.
4. Malyavina E.G., Frolova A.A. The choice of economically feasible thermal protection of buildings in the north of the Russian federation. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2022. No. 12, pp. 72–78. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2022-12-72-78
5. Neklyudov A.Yu. Development of modern calculation of consumption energy for heating and ventilation. Stroitel’stvo i rekonstrukciya. 2018. No. 3, pp. 75–82. (In Russian).
6. Lushin K.I., Shtern M.Yu., Zhukov M.Yu., Plyushchenko N.Yu., Yancen O.V. Improving the energy efficiency of ventilation systems using carbon dioxide sensors. Santexnika. Otoplenie. Kondicionirovanie. 2021. No. 5 (233), pp. 42–45. (In Russian).
7. Klochko A.K., Klochko A.R. Graphic method advantages of determination of vertical glazing insolation coefficient. Stroitel’stvo: nauka i obrazovanie. 2019. No. 1 (31), pp. 1–12. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.1.6
8. Kontoleon K.J. Dynamic thermal circuit modeling with distribution of internal solar radiation on varying façade orientations. Energy and Buildings. 2012. Vol. 47 (4), pp. 139–150.
9. Lee K. Levermore G. Estimation of surface solar irradiation using sky view factor, sunshine factor and solar irradiation models according to geometry and buildings. 4 International Conference on Building Energy and Environment. 2018, pp. 329–332.
10. Malikova A.S. Energy efficient glazing of the business center. Inzhenernye issledovaniya. 2021. No. 5 (5), pp. 3–9. (In Russian).
11. Stetsky S.V., Kuznetsova P.I. Illuminating, sun-protective and informative qualities of non-conventional windows in civil buildings in countries with hot sunny climate. Nauchnoe obozrenie. 2017. No. 10, pp. 20–25. (In Russian).
12. Korkina E.V., Tyulenev M.D., Vojtovich E.V. Influence of the opposing building on the arrival of reflected and diffuse solar radiation. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2022. No. 1–2, pp. 9–16. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2022-1-2-9-16
13. Gagarin V.G., Korkina E.V., Tyulenev M.D. The effect of opposite buildings on energy saving of buildings with low-emission glazing. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2022. No. 3, pp. 30–35. (In Russian).DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2022-3-30-35
14. Levinson R. Using solar availability factors to adjust cool-wall energy savings for shading and reflection by neighboring buildings. Solar Energy. 2019. Vol. 180, pp. 717–734. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.01.023
15. Korkina E.V., Plyushhenko N.Yu., Vojtovich E.V. Analytical method for calculation of reflected solar radiation from the underlying surface onto a facade elementary section. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel`stvo. 2022. No. 12, pp. 75–83. (In Russian). DOI: 10.32683/0536-1052-2022-768-12-75-83 an).
16. Klucher T. Evaluation of models to predict insolation on tilted surfaces. Solar Energy. 1979. Vol. 23, pp. 111–114.
17. Shmarov I.A., Zemtsov V.A., Korkina E.V. Insolation: practice of regulation and calculation. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 7, pp. 48–53. (In Russian).
18. Spravochnik ekologo-klimaticheskix xarakteristik Moskvy. Prikladnye xarakteristiki klimata, monitoring zagryazneniya atmosfery, opasnye yavleniya, ozhidaemye tendencii v XXI veke [Handbook of Ecological and Climatic Characteristics of Moscow. Applied Climate Characteristics, Monitoring of Atmospheric Pollution, Hazardous Phenomena, Expected Trends in the 21st Century (according to the observations of the Meteorological Observatory of MSU)]. Moscow: MSU. 2006. 411 p.
19. Gagarin V.G., Plyushchenko N.Yu., Kosarev A.R. The experimental determination methodology of the parameters in the equation of the air temperature distribution on the HFS height. Vestnik Sibirskoj gosudarstvennoj avtomobil`no-dorozhnoj akademii. 2017. No. 6 (58), pp. 107–113. (In Russian).

In the 21 century, with its climate and political changes, many technologies and ideologies will have to be abandoned. The modern way of economic development on Earth has become obsolete. The specialists working in the construction industry, as well as in the entire economy, face a global task in the need to combine analysis and assessment of versatile and diverse factors, regulation of economic systems. The need to choose new approaches arises when evaluating the effectiveness of design solutions, as well as calculating energy costs during the construction and operation of buildings. In existing economies, banknotes (rubber ruler) are adopted as a unit of measurement, which leads to costly logistics of production processes. Economic calculations in kilowatt-hours make it possible to take technological systems to a new level. The world order of the economy should be based on the accumulated knowledge in the field of science and culture, combined into a single whole, which will make it possible to create a qualitatively new model of the national economy. Nature and man in this model should be in harmony. This way of production of goods is associated with the effective development of the country based on minimizing energy costs and culture of production.

V.K. SAVIN, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Corresponding Member of RAACS (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
N.G. VOLKOVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

1. Shubin I.L., Umnyakova N.P., Butovsky I.N. A quarter of a century of implementation of rationing of energy consumption of Russian heated buildings. BST. 2020. No. 6, pp. 7–12. (In Russian).
2. Savin V.K. The influence of global warming on the energy efficiency of a building. AVOK. 2020. No. 6, pp. 52–56. (In Russian).
3. Savin V.K. Stroitel’naya fizika. Energoekonomika [Construction physics. Energoeconomika]. Moscow: Lazur. 2011. 418 p.
4. Savin V.K. Stroitel’naya energofizika. Energosberezhenie. Obraz i chislo [Construction energy physics. Energy saving. Image and number]. Moscow: Lazur. 2018. 478 p.
5. Savin V.K., Volkova N.G. On normalization of climatic parameters in construction. AVOK. 2021. No. 7, pp.  68–70. (In Russian).
6. Doklad ob osobennostyakh klimata na territorii Rossiiskoi Federatsii za 2022 god [Report on climate features in the territory of the Russian Federation for 2022]. Moscow: Roshydromet. 2023. 109 p.

The results of studies of the diffuse sound absorption coefficient of residential premises of apartments are presented. The tests were carried out in natural conditions in the premises of residential buildings in the city of Moscow according to the methodology of GOST R ISO 3382-2–2013 «Acoustics. Measurement of acoustic parameters of premises. Part 2. Reverberation time of ordinary rooms». Based on the test results, the values of the average sound absorption coefficient of residential premises of apartments in various conditions were obtained. A significant effect on the noise attenuation time of the degree of filling the premises with furniture and the presence of suspended ceilings was revealed. Based on the obtained statistics of the reverberation time of the premises with reference to their geometric parameters, the average values of the sound absorption coefficient of the premises were calculated. As a result of the analysis of the intermediate results of field tests of the sound-absorbing characteristics of the premises, the dependence of the average sound absorption coefficient of the premises on various factors was established, which will make it possible to compile a table of the values of the average sound absorption coefficient of the premises for calculating the designed sound insulation of transport noise. The results will be used in the preparation of amendments to regulatory technical documents, in particular, when adjusting the method for calculating traffic noise insulation, set out in SP 51.13330.2011 «Protection from noise. Updated version of SNiP 23-03–2003».

A.M. ROGALEV^1,2, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
O.V. GRADOVA¹, Head of the «Acoustic Materials and Structures» Sector (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
S.I. KRYSHOV³, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² Moscow Polytechnic University (38, B. Semenovskaya Street, Moscow, 107023, Russian Federation)
³ Center for Expertise, Research and Testing in Construction (GBU «TSEIIS») (13, Ryazanskiy Prospekt, Moscow, 109052, Russian Federation)

1. Ledenev V.I., Matveeva I.V., Fedorov О.О. About complex researches of window fillings as elements of building walls providing light, insolation, thermal, noise conditions and electromagnetic safety in civil buildings. Privolzhskii nauchnyi zhurnal. 2017. No. 1(41), pp. 20–26. (In Russian).
2. Fokin V.M., Usadsky D.G. Thermophysical and sound-physical properties of various window blocks of buildings and structures. Inzhenernyi vestnik Dona. 2018. No. 3(50), pp. 141. (In Russian).
3. Garg N., Sharma O., Maji S. Experimental investigations on sound insulation through single, double & triple window glazing for traffic noise abatement. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research. 2011. No. 70, pp. 471–478.
4. Tsukernikov I.E, Shubin I.L., Nevenchannaya T.O. Modern equirements for the provision of regulatory noise parameters in residential, public and industrial buildings and in residential arias. Regulatory and technical documents developed by niisf raacs and introduced in 2016–18. Protection against High Noise and Vibration: Proceedings of the 7th All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation. Saint Petersburg. 2019, pp. 57–70. (In Russian).
5. Shubin I.L., Umnyakova N.A. Regulatory documents on energy saving and building acoustics, developed by the research center of structural physics of the russian academy of architecture and construction sciences. BST: Byulleten’ stroitel’noi tekhniki. 2012. No. 2(930), pp. 7–13. (In Russian).
6. Tsukernikov I.E, Shubin I.L., Nevenchannaya T.O. System of russian standards for determining and declaring sound insulation parameters of building products. Protection against High Noise and Vibration: Proceedings of the 7th All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation. Saint Petersburg. 2019, pp. 24–29. (In Russian).
7. Tsukernikov I.E, Shubin I.L., Nevenchannaya T.O. Measurement and assessment of sound insulation of building products. BST: Byulleten’ stroitel’noi tekhniki. 2020. No. 6(1030), pp. 19–21. (In Russian).
8. Kryshov S.I., Kotelnikov D.E., Rogalev A.M., Gradova O.V. Influence of the average sound absorption coefficient of translucent structures on the required sound insulation from traffic noise. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 6, pp. 25–29. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2021-6-25-29
9. Kryshov S.I., Kotelnikov D.E., Gradova O.V. Problems of sound insulation of inter-floor floors in panel buildings and the application of the law of mass. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 6, pp. 30–32. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-792-6-30-32
10. Rimshin V.I., Truntov P.S., Ketsko E.S. An integrated approach to performing acoustic calculations during technical inspection of emergency housing stock. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 6, pp. 21–24. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-792-6-21-24
11. Shubin I.L., Aistov V.A., Porozchenko M.A. Sound Insulation of enclosing Structures in high-rise Buildings. Requirements and Methods of Support. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 3, pp. 33–43. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-768-3-33-43

In civil buildings of various purposes there are a large number of rooms with large dimensions. Most of them have disproportionately proportioned volumes. They, as a rule, according to the available classification, belong to long or flat rooms, the distribution of sound energy in which has its own characteristic features. The distribution of sound energy in such rooms is largely influenced by the nature of the reflection of sound from fences. It is established that in most cases the sound reflection in disproportionate rooms has a mirror-diffuse character. With such reflection in rooms, in addition to direct sound, a reflected sound field is formed, the energy characteristics of which are determined by the mirror and diffuse components of this field. For this reason, combined calculation models should be used to calculate the reflected sound energy, in which different calculation methods should be used to determine the energy characteristics of the mirror and diffuse components of the reflected field. The article analyzes the combined calculation methods developed by the authors, used to assess the noise regime in disproportionate rooms with a mirror-diffuse nature of sound reflection from fences. Based on the analysis of the developed methods, it was found that the most acceptable for practical calculations is the combined calculation method, in which the mirror component is determined by the ray tracing method, and the diffusely scattered energy is determined by the numerical statistical energy method. To implement it, a computer program has now been developed that allows calculations to be made in disproportionate rooms of any complex shape.

A.I. ANTONOV^1,2, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.P. GUSEV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.I. LEDENEV^1,2, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.V. MATVEEVA², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
M.A. POROZHENKO¹, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² Tambov State Technical University (106, Sovetskaya st., Tambov, 392000, Russian Federation)

1. Shubin I.L., Antonov A.I., Ledenev V.I., Matveeva I.V., Merkusheva N.P. Evaluation of the noise regime in the premises of enterprises built into residential buildings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2020. No. 6, pp. 3–8. (In Russian). DOI 10.31659/0044-4472-2020-6-3-8
2. Shubin I.L., Aistov V.A., Porozchenko M.A. Sound Insulation of enclosing Structures in high-rise Buildings. Requirements and Methods of Support. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 3, pp. 33–43. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-768-3-33-43
3. Gusev V.P., Antonov A.I., Solomatin E.O., Makarov A.M. Computational models of sound emission by point noise sources of industrial enterprises. Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeni. Teknologiya Tekstil’noi Promyshlennosti. 2019. No. 3 (381), pp. 191–196. (In Russian).
4. Antonov A.I., Ledenev V.I., Matveeva I.V., Fedorova O.O. Influence of the nature of sound reflection from fences on the choice of air noise calculation method in civil and industrial buildings. Privolzhsky Scientific Journal. 2017. No. 2(42), pp. 16–23. (In Russian).
5. Antonov A.I., Ledenev V.I., Matveeva I.V., Shubin I.L. Raschety shuma v grazhdanskikh i promyshlennykh zdaniyakh pri zerkal’no-diffuznom otrazhenii zvuka ot ograzhdenii [Noise calculations in civil and industrial buildings with mirror-diffuse reflection of sound from fences]. Moscow: Directmedia Publishing, 2022. 192 p.
6. Rosenberg L.D. Method of calculating sound fields formed by distributed systems of emitters. ZhTF. 1942. Vol.12, pp.102–148. (In Russian).
7. Kuttruf H. Simulierte Nachalkurven in Rechtekraumen mit diffusem Shallfeld. Acustica. 1971. Vol. 25. No. 6, pp. 333–342.
8. Rimshin V.I., Truntov P.S., Ketsko E.S. An integrated approach to performing acoustic calculations during technical inspection of emergency housing stock. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 6, pp. 21–24. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-792-6-21-24
9. Ledenev V.I., Merkusheva N.P. Acoustic calculations in the design of noise protection of non-permanent workplaces in rooms with automated production processes. Modern science: theory, methodology, practice: Materials of the 2nd All-Russian (national) Scientific and practical Conference. Tambov: IP Chesnokova A.V. 2020, pp. 31–38. (In Russian).
10. Antonov A.I., Ledenev V.I., Matveeva I.V., Shubin I.L. Raschety shuma pri proektirovanii shumozashchity v proizvodstvennykh zdaniyakh [Noise calculations in the design of noise protection in industrial buildings]. Moscow-Berlin: Direct-Media. 2020. 274 p.(In Russian).
11. Giyasov B.I., Ledenyov V.I., Matveeva I.V. Method for noise calculation under specular and diffuse reflection of sound. Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2018. No. 1 (77), pp. 13–22. DOI 10.18720/MCE.77.2.
12. Antonov A., Ledenev V., Nevenchannaya T., Tsukernikov I., Shubin I. Coupling coefficient of flux density and density gradient of reflected sound energy in quasi-diffuse sound fields. Journal of Theoretical and Computational Acoustics. 2019. Vol. 27. No. 2. 1850053.
13. Certificate of state registration of the computer program No. 2019611868 Russian Federation. A comprehensive program for the calculation of sound fields in rooms and the design of noise protection equipment / Antonov A.I., Zhogoleva O.A., Ledenev V.I., Yarovaya T.S., Matveeva I.V. Declared 22.01.2019. Publ. 05.02.2019.

Natural lighting of buildings has a beneficial effect on the morphological and functional characteristics of the human organism, and also helps to save energy for artificial lighting during daylight hours. Therefore, calculations of natural lighting are carried out taking into account the area of the light opening, the increase of which will contribute to reducing the energy spent on artificial lighting, as well as increasing heat gain from solar radiation and, as a result, heat conservation. However, there will also be an increase in transmission heat loss due to the filling of the light opening. To solve the problem of the optimal size of the area of the light opening, this paper considers the energy and economic criteria developed by the authors earlier. The energy criterion is based on the compilation of the thermal balance of the room at the achieved normalized level of natural lighting, taking into account changes in these factors: heat release from artificial light sources, heat gain from solar radiation and transmission heat loss. The economic criterion takes into account the cost of heat and electricity. Calculations were carried out according to the considered criteria for premises of various purposes: residential, office and school class. It is shown that, according to energy indicators, an increase in the area of the light opening is advantageous, while according to economic indicators it is unprofitable for three months of the heating period for all premises. Thus, the paper shows the possibility of assessing the feasibility of increasing the area of the light opening for the premises of buildings according to energy and economic indicators.

I.А. SHMAROV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering);
E.V. KORKINA^1,2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
L.V. BRAZHNIKOVA¹, Engineer;
O.G. GAGARINA³, Engineer

¹ Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
³ National Research University «Moscow Power Engineering Institute» (14, bldg.1, Krasnokazarmennaya Street, Moscow, 111250, Russian Federation)

1. Thi Khanh Phuong Nguyen, Solovyov A.K., Thi Hai Ha Pham, Kim Hanh Dong. Confirmed method for definition of daylight climate for tropical Hanoi. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 982(01): 35–47. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19756-8_4
2. Burmaka V., Tarasenko M., Kozak K., Khomyshyn V., Sabat N. Economic and energy efficiency of artificial lighting control systems for stairwells of multistory residential buildings. Journal of Daylighting. 2020. Vol. 7. No. 1, pp. 93–106.
3. Cheng Sun, Qianqian Liu and Yunsong Han. Many-objective optimization design of a public building for energy, daylighting and cost performance improvement. Applied Sciences. 2020. 10 (7). 2435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app10072435
4. Коржнева Т.Г., Ушаков В.Я., Овчаров А.Т. Учет ресурса естественного света при оптимизации энергозатрат помещения // Вестник ТГАСУ. 2013. № 3. C. 156–164.
4. Korzhneva T.G., Ushakov V.Ia., Ovcharov A.T. Taking into account the resource of natural light when optimizing the energy consumption of the room. Vestnik of TSASU. 2013. No. 3, pp. 156–164.(In Russian).
5. Kupriyanov V., Sedova F. Energy method for calculating insolation of residential apartments. IOP conference series. Materials Science and Engineering. Kazan. Russia. 2020. 012038.
6. Шмаров И.А., Коркина Е.В., Бражникова Л.В., Гагарина О.Г. Теоретические аспекты экономии энергии на искусственное освещение помещения при увеличении площади светового проема // БСТ: Бюллетень строительной техники. 2022. № 6 (1054). С. 54–57.
6. Shmarov I.A., Korkina E.V., Brazhnikova L.V., Gagarina O.G. Theoretical aspects of energy saving for artificial lighting of a room with an increase in the area of the light opening. BST: Bulletin stroitelnoy tehniki. 2022. No. 6 (1054), pp. 54–57. (In Russian).
7. Коркина Е.В., Шмаров И.А., Войтович Е.В. Исследования времени наступления критической освещенности для оценки длительности дневного естественного освещения // Вестник Белгородского государственного технологического университета им. В.Г. Шухова. 2022. № 6. С. 35–42. DOI: 10.34031/2071-7318-2022-7-6-35-42
7. Korkina E.V., Shmarov I.A., Voi`tovich E.V. Studies of the time of the onset of critical illumination to assess the duration of daytime natural illumination. Vestnik BGTU. 2022. No. 6, pp. 35–42. (In Russian).DOI: 10.34031/2071-7318-2022-7-6-35-42
8. Горбаренко Е.В., Шиловцева О.А. Естественная освещенность горизонтальной и вертикальных поверхностей по данным наблюдений МО МГУ // Строительство и реконструкция. 2018. № 4 (78). С. 53–63.
8. Gorbarenko E.V., Shilovtceva O.A. Natural illumination of horizontal and vertical surfaces according to observations CAN. Stroitelstvo i reconstruction. 2018. No. 4 (78), pp. 53–63. (In Russian).

The article is devoted to modeling of nodes of cable-stayed coverings of sports facilities. In recent decades, cable-stayed systems have been increasingly used in the construction of large-span structures, including sports complexes. Stadiums and sports complexes built on the territory of new modern micro-districts become centers of attraction for urban residents, play a special role in the renewal and revitalization of the urban environment. The advantages of cable-stayed systems are the possibility of reducing the number of frame supports, reducing the cost of installation and transportation work, reducing construction time, and using less metal. This makes it possible to reduce construction costs and improve the economic efficiency of the project. However, the use of enclosed ropes, subject to corrosion and material fatigue, in cable-stayed systems can lead to unexpected failure of the system. The solution may be to use open ropes. The article highlights the advantages of cable-stayed systems, considers perspective directions of their designing with the use of solid-state modeling methods. The creation of digital models makes it possible to evaluate the effect of elongation and skew of the cables, take into account the longitudinal force that occurs in the beam element, temperature changes, compare various options for constructive solutions for fastening the cables to beam elements and pylons. The authors consider various types of cable-stayed coating nodes and propose methods for their modeling.

N.A. BUZALO¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
R.R. PONOMAREV¹, Postgraduate student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.A. SMIRNOV^2,3, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) (132, Prosveshcheniya Street, Novocherkassk, Rostov Region, 346428, Russian Federation)
² Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
³ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Smirnov V.A. Visyachie mosty bol’shikh proletovm [Hanging bridges of large spans]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola. 1975. 368 p.
2. Kabantsev O.V., Karpilovsky V.S., Kriksunov E.S., Perelmuter A.V. Technology of calculated prediction of the stress-strain state of the structure taking into account the history of construction, loading and deformation. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. 2011. No. 7 (3), pp. 110–117. (In Russian).
3. Sych S.V. Design of cable-stayed structures in Autodesk Robot Structural. Analysis Professional CAD Master. 2012. No. 6, pp. 84–86. (In Russian).
4. Buzalo N.A., Ponomarev R.R., Smirnov V.A. Deformational calculation of cable-stayed structures of sports facilities coverings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2022. No. 7, pp. 46–49. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2022-7-46-49
5. Perelmuter A.V., Slivker V.I. Raschetnye modeli sooruzhenii i vozmozhnost’ ikh analiza [Design models of structures and the possibility of their analysis]. Moscow: ASV. 2011. 736 p.
6. Safronov V.S. Raschet visyachikh i vantovykh mostov na podvizhnuyu nagruzki [Calculation of suspension and cable-stayed bridges for mobile load]. Voronezh: Publishing House of Voronezh University. 1983. 196 p.
7. Ananyin A.I. Osnovnye uravneniya stroitel’noi mekhaniki v nelineinom raschete gibkoi niti. Sovremennye metody staticheskogo i dinamicheskogo rascheta sooruzhenii i konstruktsii [Basic equations of structural mechanics in nonlinear calculation of a flexible thread. Modern methods of static and dynamic calculation of structures and structures]. Voronezh: VGASA. 2002, pp. 69–75.
8. Gorbushko M.A, Erofeev I.M, Sidorov A.S., Smirnov S.A., Teplih A.V. Engineering technologies for constructing computational models and analyzing results in the SCAD Office system: metal frame models. CAD Master. 2006. No. 5, pp. 82–93.

The duration of the stages of the building life cycle is different. The life cycle of the building includes the following stages: pre-project (initiation, planning), design, construction, operation, elimination. As a rule, they are considered separately, and the life cycle of the building as a whole is not given enough attention, which is an actual problem. Practice shows that with the passage of time, at the transition from one stage to another, for various reasons, there is a loss of information, which could positively contribute to the further implementation of the project when there are current management and organizational issues. At each of the stages it is necessary to make management decisions allowing more effective operation of the building with the use of appropriate resources. In these situations, the main task is to choose the right alternative. The article considers general problems of making management decisions, the development of technologies and information systems, and points out the need to develop mathematically oriented methods of decision making. The authors in this publication presented a scheme of methods for managerial decision-making from the perspective of the life cycle. The described system is characterized by its self-regulation and is based on the use of an information model of the building.

S.G. SHEINA¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering);
N.P. UMNYAKOVA^2,3, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering);
L.V. GIRYA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering),
A.E. SHVETS¹, Master

¹ Don State Technical University (1, Gagarin Square, Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russian Federation)
² Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
³ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Sheina S.G., Umnyakova N.P., Girya L.V., Rozhina M.A. Best European practices in the field of energy saving when designing medical institutions. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 7, pp. 3–7. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2021-7-3-7
2. Sheina S.G., Girya L.V., Seraya E.S., Matveyko R.B. Intelligent municipal system and sustainable development of the urban environment: conversion prospects. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019. Vol. 698 (5), 055015. DOI: 10.1088/issn.1757-899X
3. Bodunova M. V., Moskalenko A.V., Ulrich I.V. Managerial decision-making in risk conditions. Information technologies in the modern world: proceedings of the international scientific and practical conference. Dedovsk, May 17–18, 2016. Moscow State Regional University. 2016. pp. 61–64. (In Russian).
4. Malakhova K.Yu., Golobokikh D.A. Development and adoption of managerial decisions in municipal government and local self-government bodies. Belgorodskii ekonomicheskii vestnik. 2016. No. 2 (82), pp. 119–126. (In Russian).
5. Senin A.S., Lyasnikov N.V. Managerial decision-making in crisis situations based on the neural network “decision tree”. Ekonomika i sotsium: sovremennye modeli razvitiya. 2019. Vol. 9. No. 1 (23), pp. 98–110. DOI: 10.18334/ecsoc.9.1.40541
6. Kirchler E., Schrott A. Prinyatie reshenii v organizatsiyakh. Psikhologiya truda i organizatsionnaya psikhologiya [Decision-making in organizations. Labor psychology and organizational psychology]. Vol. 4. Kharkiv: Humanitarian Center. 2009. 176 p.
7. Lukicheva L.I., Shkarupeta E.V., Egorycheva E.V., Shchetinina I.V. Evolution of management structures of enterprises focused on the development of intellectual capital as a key factor of competitiveness. Organizator proizvodstva. 2013. No. 2 (57).
8. Asaul A.N., Grakhov V.P., Koval O.S., Rybnov E.I. Theory and practice of development, adoption and implementation of managerial decisions in entrepreneurship (monograph). Mezhdunarodnyi zhurnal eksperimental’nogo obrazovaniya. 2015. No. 8–2, pp. 276–277. (In Russian).
9. Novoselova I.V., Strabykina S.I., Boyko N.S., Danileiko I.Y. Prospects of “Green” construction and application of energy-saving measures in modern Russia. Inzhenernyi vestnik Dona. 2017. No. 4 (47). (In Russian).
10. Leukhin M.D. The life cycle of a building and its connection with the introduction of BIM technology. Inzhenernye kadry – budushchee innovatsionnoi ekonomiki Rossii. 2022. No. 1, pp. 566–567. (In Russian).
11. Sheina S.G., Umnyakova N.P., Girya L.V., Dobrovolskii R.I. Energy saving technologies in the use of underground space at different stages of the building life cycle. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2022. No. 6, pp. 29–32. (In Russian). DOI:  https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2022-6-29-32

The relevance of the study is related to the need to ensure the safety of human life and building structures when the building cools down during the cold season in the event of an emergency shutdown of heat supply systems. The subject of the study is the time dependences for the position of the moisture freezing front and the transverse temperature profile in external fences in conditions of a sharp cold snap. The purpose of the study is to assess the error of such dependencies and obtain more accurate versions of them, more fully reflecting the physical essence of the processes occurring during freezing. The objective of the study is to compare the behavior of the temperature inside the fence within the frozen or thawed zone and the freezing front according to different methods and to search for correction coefficients that ensure the best agreement of the results. Materials and research methods used. A combination of approximate analytical and numerical finite-difference methods for solving differential equations of unsteady thermal conductivity in an array of room fences is used to solve the one-dimensional Stefan problem using approximation of the temperature profile within the frozen or thawed zone in the form of a quadratic polynomial. The sequence of obtaining a refined analytical expression for the spatial coordinate of the freezing front under boundary conditions of the first kind is shown and a calculated transverse temperature profile is presented depending on the coordinate for a characteristic example of a moistened outer wall material. The obtained results are compared with the available approximate solution and the results of numerical calculations according to the computer program developed earlier by the author, their differences are identified and justified and an accuracy assessment is carried out.

O.D. SAMARIN, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Alekseev A.G. Soil freezing at the base of the foundation plate of a multistory building and its consequences. Promyshlennoye i grazhdanskoye stroitel’stvo. 2018. No. 4, pp. 37–43. (In Russian).
2. Fomina V.V., Aksenov B.G., Stepanov O.A., Mironov V.V., Abrosimova S.A. Solving problems of soil freezing-thawing for heat and gas supply systems. Vestnik yevraziyskoy nauki. 2020. Vol. 12. No. 5, рр. 8. (In Russian).
3. Vasilyev G.P., Gornov V.F., Konstantinov P.I., Kolesova M.V., Korneva I.A. Analysis of ground temperature variations, on the basis of years-long measurements. Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2017. No. 4, pp. 62–72.
4. Vasilyev G.P., Gornov V.F., Peskov N.V., Popov M.P., Kolesova M.V., Yurchenko V.A. Ground moisture phase transitions: Аccounting in BHE’S design. Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2017. No. 6, pp. 102–117.
5. Rafalskaya T. Safety of engineering systems of buildings with limited heat supply. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2021. P. 012049.
6. Rafalskaya T.A. Simulation of thermal characteristics of heat supply systems in variable operating. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. XXXV Siberian Thermophysical Seminar, STS 2019. 2019. P. 012140.
7. Bogoslovsky V.N. Stroitel’naya teplofizika [Building thermal physics]. Saint Petersbourg: AVOK SEVERO-ZAPAD. 2006. 400 p.
8. Carslaw H.S., Jaeger J.C. Conduction of heat in solids. Oxford University Press. USA. 1986. 520 p.
9. Samarin O.D. Teplofizika. Energosberezhenie. Energoeffektivnost’ [Thermal physics. Energy saving. Energy efficiency]. Moscow: ASV. 2014. 296 p.
10. Samarin O.D., Klochko A.K. Chislennye i priblizhennye metody v zadachakh stroitel’noi teplofiziki i klimatologii [Numerical and approximated methods in the problems of building thermal physics and climatology]. Moscow: MISI-MGSU. 2021. 96 p.

The paper covers the results of the composite material of externally-bonded reinforcement system (FRP laminate) at temperatures from -75 to +60 degrees. Strain-load diagrams are given. The stress strain diagrams are presented, as well as the influence of the temperature of FRP during testing on its tensile strength, the corresponding value of the limit strains, the modulus of elasticity along the fibers. It was found that at the temperature of +60 degrees, the stress strain diagram changes. This work is a part of an experimental study of the mechanical properties of carbon FRP laminate, carried out in SPbGASU. The results obtained can be used in the development of methods for calculating a reinforced concrete structure with externally-bonded reinforcement systems for fire resistance, as well as in the selection of fire protection.

A.D. DENISOVA, Postgraduate Student (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.S. SHEKHOVTSOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
E.D. KUZHMAN, Master’s Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya Street, Saint Petersburg 190005, Russian Federation)

1. Wu Hw-Ch., Eamon Ch. D. Strengthening of concrete structures using fiber reinforced polymers (FRP). Woodhead Publishing. 2017. p. 332.
2. Al-Mahaidi R., Kalfat R. Rehabilitation of concrete structures with fiber-reinforced polymer. Butterworth-Heinemann. 2018. p. 403.
3. Bai J. Advanced fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for structural applications. Woodhead Publishing. 2023. p. 826.
4. Ahmed A., Kodur V.K.R. Effect of bond degradation on fire resistance of FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete beams. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2011. Vol. 42. Iss. 2, pp. 226–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2010.11.004
5. Ahmed A., Kodur V.K.R. The experimental behavior of FRP-strengthened RC beams subjected to design fire exposure. Engineering Structures. 2011. Vol. 33. Iss. 7, pp. 2201–2211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.03.010
6. Qin G., Na J., Mu W. Effect of continuous high temperature exposure on the adhesive strength of epoxy adhesive, CFRP and adhesively bonded CFRP-aluminum alloy joints. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2018. Vol. 154, pp. 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.07.059
7. Jia Zh., Hui D., Yuan G. Mechanical properties of an epoxy-based adhesive under high strain rate loadings at low temperature environment. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2016. Vol. 105, pp. 132–137.
8. Firmo J.P., Roquette M.G., Correia J.R. Influence of elevated temperatures on epoxy adhesive used in CFRP strengthening systems for civil engineering application. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives. 2019. Vol. 93, pp. 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2019.01.027
9. Galvez P., Abenojar J., Martinez M.A. Effect of moisture and temperature on the thermal and mechanical properties of a ductile epoxy adhesive for use in steel structures reinforced with CFRP. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2016. Vol. 176, pp. 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107194
10. Ke L., Li Ch., Hun J. Effect of elevated temperatures on mechanical behavior of epoxy adhesives and CFRP-steel hybrid joints. Composite Structures. 2020. Vol. 235, pp. 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111789
11. Borsellino Ch., Urso S., Alderucci T. Temperature effects on failure mode of double lap glass-aluminium and glass-GFRP joints with epoxy and acrylic adhesive. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives. 2021. Vol. 105, pp. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2020.102788
12. Денисова А.Д., Шеховцов А.С., Кужман Е.Д. Результаты механических испытаний композиционного материала, применяемого при усилении железобетонных конструкций внешним армированием // Жилищное строительство. 2022. № 11. С. 44–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2022-11-44-50
12. Denisova A.D., Shekhovtsov A.S., Kuzhman E.D. Results of mechanical tests of composite material used in strengthening reinforced concrete structures with external reinforcement. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2022. No. 11, pp. 44–50. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2022-11-44-50
13. Денисова А.Д., Шеховцов А.С., Кужман Е.Д. Влияние ширины композиционного материала, применяемого при усилении железобетонных конструкций, на его работу при растяжении // Строительные материалы. 2022. № 11. С. 26–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2022-808-11-26-31
13. Denisova A.D., Shekhovtsov A.S., Kuzhman E.D. Width effect of composite material on its tensile behavior at strengthening reinforced concrete structures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2022. No. 11, pp. 26–31. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2022-808-11-26-31

The problem of increasing the bearing capacity of foundations is always an urgent problem in modern geotechnical construction. It becomes especially important when building on landslide-prone slopes. At the same time, both designers and customers make irreparable mistakes when developing design documentation for retaining buried structures during the construction of objects on such sites. All admitted flaws are mainly related to the lack of proper control by the technical customer for the production of pre-design work, including engineering and geological surveys. This article describes a negative case from the geotechnical practice of designing and building a residential complex on a landslide slope. The article is a review.

N.S. SOKOLOV^1,2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Director (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
S.N. SOKOLOV², Directoe, LLC “Stroitel Forst”;
A.N. SOKOLOV², Director for construction (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov (15, Moskovsky prospect, Cheboksary, 428015, Chuvash Republic, Russian Federation)
² LLC NPF “FORST (109a, Kalinina Street, Cheboksary, 428000, Chuvash Republic, Russian Federation)

1. Nikonorova I.V., Sokolov N.S. Construction and territorial development of landslide slopes of the Cheboksary water reservoir. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 9, pp. 13–19. (In Russian).
2. Ilichev V.A., Mangushev R.A., Nikiforova N.S. Experience of development of russian megacities underground space. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov. 2012. No. 2, pp. 17–20. (In Russian).
3. Ilichev V.A., Konovalov P.A., Nikiforova N.S., Bulgakov L.A. Deformations of the Retaining Structures Upon Deep Excavations in Moscow. Proc. Of Fifth Int. Conf on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering. April 3–17. New York. 2004, pp. 5–24.
4. Sokolov N., Ezhov S., Ezhova S. Preserving the natural landscape on the construction site for sustainable ecosystem. Journal of applied engineering science. 2017. Vol. 15. No. 4, pp. 518–523.
5. Nikiforova N.S., Vnukov D.A. Geotechnical cut-off diaphragms for built-up area protection in urban underground development. The pros, of the 7thI nt. Symp. «Geotechnical aspects of underground construction in soft ground», 16–18 May, 2011. tc28 IS Roma, AGI, 2011, № 157NIK.
6. Nikiforova N.S., Vnukov D.A. The use of cut off of different types as a protection measure for existing buildings at the nearby underground pipelines installation. Proc. of Int. Geotech. Conf. dedicated to the Year of Russia in Kazakhstan. Almaty, Kazakhstan, 23–25 September 2004, pp. 338–342.
7. Ulickij V.M., Shashkin A.G., Shashkin K.G. Geotekhnicheskoe soprovozhdenie razvitiya gorodov [Geotechnical Support of Urban Development]. Saint Petersburg: Georeconstruction, 2010. 551 p.
8. Sokolov N.S. Ground Ancher Produced by Elektric Discharge Technology, as Reinforsed Concrete Structure. Key Enginiring Materials. 2018. June. 771:75-81. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.771.75
9. Sokolov N.S. Use of the Piles of Effective Type in Geotechnical Construction. Key Enginiring Materials. 2018. June. 771:70-74. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.771.70
10. Соколов Н.С. Технологические приемы устройства буроинъекционных свай с многоместными уширениями // Жилищное строительство. 2016. № 10. С. 54–57.
11. Sokolov N.S., Viktorova S.S. Method of aliging the lurches of objects with large-sized foundations and increased loads on them. Penodico Tche Quimica. 2018. January. Vol. 15, pp. 1–11.
12. Ilichev V.A., Nikiforova N.S., Koreneva E.B. Computing the evaluation of deformations of the buildings located near deep foundation tranches. Proc. of the XVIth European conf. on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. Madrid. Spain. 24–27th September 2007. Vol. 2, pp. 581–585.
13. Sokolov N.S. One of the cases of strengthening the base of a deformed landslide protection retaining wall. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 12, pp. 23–27. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2021-12-23-27
14. Sokolov N.S. Technology of strengthening of foundation bases under cramped conditions when overbuilding four additional stories. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 7, pp. 31–36. (In Russian). DOI: 10.31659/0585-430Х-2018-761-7-31-36

During the construction of civil, transport and reconstructed objects with deep pits in conditions of dense construction, it is often necessary to use additional protective measures that do not go beyond the boundaries of the projected pit. The article discusses the use of prestressed struts and transverse walls (for pits with struts), as well as the use of two types of buttresses (for pits with struts). To assess the effectiveness, 6 calculated three-dimensional schemes were modeled, and the effect of the measures under consideration was estimated by horizontal movements of the fence wall. A special feature of the calculation was the modeling of the fence with volumetric elements, taking into account the gaps between the concreting grips, in order to correctly account for the rigidity and actual thickness of the structures. According to the results of the calculation, the effectiveness of the measures under consideration is noted, especially the use of temporary transverse walls.

D.Yu. CHUNYUK, Candidate of Sciences (Engeneering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.S. GRISHIN, engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Dalidovskaya A.A., Pastushkov V.G. Protective measures in the construction of ground structures over existing underground ones. Nauka i tekhnika. 2020. Vol. 19. No. 5, pp. 377–383. (In Russian). DOI 10.21122/2227-1031-2020-19-5-377-383
2. Chunyuk D.Yu., Selviyan S.M. Assessment of geotechnical risks in the construction of underground structures in an open and closed manner. Ekonomika stroitel’stva. 2022. No. 9, pp. 114–121. (In Russian).
3. Sokolov N.S., Sokolov A.N., Sokolov S.N., Glush-kov V.E., Glushkov A.E. Calculation of flight augering piles of high bearing capacity. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 11, pp. 20–26. (In Russian).
4. Mangushev R.A., Konyushkov V.V., Kondratieva L.N., Kirillov V.M. Methodology for calculating the technological precipitation of the foundations of the foundations of buildings of neighboring buildings when constructing pits. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 9, pp. 3–11. (In Russian). DOI 10.31659/0044-4472-2019-9-3-10
5. Mangushev R.A., Konyushkov V.V., Sapin D.A. Geotechnical engineering surveys during construction and reconstruction in conditions of dense urban development. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2016. No. 5, pp. 47–54. (In Russian).
6. Shulyatyev O.A., Minakov D.K. Experimental and numerical studies of changes in the stress-strain state of a soil massif during the construction of a wall in a trench-type soil. Vestnik NITs Stroitel’stvo. 2018. No. 2 (17), pp. 118–135. (In Russian).
7. Chunyuk, D. Yu., Selviyan S. M. Determination of the probability of occurrence of excess deformations of buildings in the zone of influence of deep pits. Ekonomika stroitel’stva. 2022. No. 1 (73), pp. 54–61. (In Russian).
8. Konyushkov V.V., Zhusupbekov A. Zh., Lushnikov V.V., Popova A.V. Construction of a multi-level underground structure in modern urban development. Vestnik grazhdanskikh inzhenerov. 2019. No. 6 (77), pp. 166–174. (In Russian). DOI 10.23968/1999-5571-2019-16-6-166-174
9. Ilyichev V.A., Nikiforova N.S., Konnov A.V. Protection of the surrounding development by summing up the foundation plate taking into account the technological mechanics of soils. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noi promyshlennosti. 2019. No. 3 (381), pp. 224–228. (In Russian).
10. Nikiforova N.S., Konnov A.V., Nguyen V.H., Prostotina L.A. The influence of the device of shut–off screens made using jet technology on the sediment of the surrounding buildings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 7, pp. 3–8. (In Russian). DOI 10.31659/0044-4472-2019-7-3-8
11. Ilyichev V.A., Nikiforova N.S., Gotman Yu.A., Trofimov E.Yu. Anchors with additional cementation as an active method of protecting buildings and communications in the zone of influence of deep pits. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 6, pp. 35–38. (In Russian).
12. Shulyatyev O.A. Mozgacheva O.A., Myshinsky V.E. The experience of designing and constructing protective measures in the form of a geotechnical barrier by the method of compensatory injection. Fundamenty. 2021. No. 2 (4), pp. 18–23. (In Russian).
13. Mozgacheva O.A. Experience in designing and constructing protective measures in the form of a geotechnical barrier using the method of compensatory injection. Primenenie gidrorazryvnoi tekhnologii v praktike stroitel’stva: Conference materials. Moscow, May 21, 2021. Moscow: Scientific Research Center “Construction”. 2022, pp. 113–138. DOI 10.37538/2713-1149-2022-113-138
14. Kivlyuk V.P., Isaev I.O., Alekseev V.A., Shishkina V.V. Application of compensatory injection technology to ensure the safety of surrounding buildings during the construction of station complexes. Geotekhnika. 2021. Vol. 13. No. 1, pp. 56–67. (In Russian). DOI 10.25296/2221-5514-2021-13-1-56-66.
15. Ilyichev V.A., Nikiforova N.S., Gotman Yu.A. Analysis of the use of active and passive methods of protection of existing buildings in underground construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2013. No. 6, pp. 25–27. (In Russian).
16. Ilyichev V.A., Nikiforova N.S., Gotman Yu.A., Trofimov E.Yu. The effectiveness of the use of active and passive methods of environmental protection in the zone of influence of underground construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 6, pp. 11–15. (In Russian).
17. Mangushev R.A., Osokin A.I., Kalach F.N. Ensuring the safety of historical buildings during the development of underground space in the urban environment. Moscow: Pero. 2021, pp. 184–194.
18. Clough Wayne, O’Rourke Thomas. Construction induced movements of in situ wall. Geotechnical Special Publication. 1990, pр. 439–470. (In Russian).
19. Hsieh Pio-Go, Ou Chang-Yu. Shape of ground surface settlement profiles caused by excavation. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 2011. 35, pр. 1004–1017. 10.1139/t98-056
20. Lim Aswin, Ou Chang-Yu, Hsieh Pio-Go. Investigation of the integrated retaining system to limit deformations induced by deep excavation. Acta Geotechnica. 2018. 13. 10.1007/s11440-017-0613-6
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Tens of millions of Russians live in settlements that are periodically exposed to natural hazards. Federal Law No. 384-FZ “Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures” begins with an indication of the main goal of the construction science in Russia – the protection of life and health of people under hazardous natural impacts. One of the most important tasks of the construction science in Russia is to determine the maximum levels of these impacts during the operation of settlements. However, it is believed that the protection of human life can be provided in buildings for which the design seismic hazard is assumed to be minimal. The author proposes for discussion a new name for Federal Law No. 384-FZ: “Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures in Settlements” and a new name for SP 14.1330.2018: “Seismic Protection of Life and Health of People in Settlements During an Earthquake”.

A.V. MASLYAEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Research Seismic Laboratory (27, bldg. A. 51, Zemlyachki Street, 400117, Volgograd, Russian Federation)

1. Maslyaev A.V. Russian construction system does not recognize the impact of repeated earthquakes on construction sites. American Scientific Journal. 2020. No. 38, pp. 41–49. (In Russian). DOI: 10.31618/asj.2707-9864.2020.1/38/12
2. Ginzburg A.V., Maslyaev A.V. Protection of localites in hazardous natural phenomena is the main purpose of the Russian construction system. Zhilishchnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 12, pp. 35–44. (In Russian). DOI: https:/doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2021-12-35-44
3. Maslyaev A.V. The need to recognize the settlements of Russia as objects of capital construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing Construction]. 2022. No. 8, pp. 28–37. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2022-8-28-37
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10. Maslyaev A.V. Settlements on the Peri-Caspian geosyncline were built without taking into account the active tectonic processes taking place in it. Zhilishchnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 8, pp. 44–51. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2021-8-44-51
11. Maslyaev A.V. The Russian construction systems goal of reducing the cost of mass residential and public buildings. Seismic instruments. 2020. Vol. 56. No. 2, pp. 237–243. DOI: 10. 3103/SO747923920020073
12. Maslyaev A.V. Increase in the loss of health of the population in buildings during earthquakes in federal laws and normative documents of the Russian Federation. Zhilishchnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 4, pp. 43–47. (In Russian).
13. Maslyaev A.V. Seismic protection of settlements of Russian with due regard For “Uncpredictability of the next dangerous naturalphe nomenon”. Zhilishchnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 11, pp. 43–47. (In Russian).
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