The main stages of the introduction of renewable energy, in particular wind energy, in the construction processes in China are considered. It shows how the building’s energy consumption is distributed during its operation, and also assesses China’s wind energy potential, starting from a retrospective analysis of wind use, ending with predictive characteristics of building up the potential of the country’s energy complex. A detailed analysis of the capacities introduced in China in terms of wind power plants demonstrates their growth, and the forecast period is presented until 2060. Separately, the territorial distribution of China’s wind power capacities in the coastal area is shown, where their special concentration is noticeable. The housing stock and the distribution of territorial resources in China are also analyzed. Within the framework of the topic, the characteristics of the distribution, stocks and use of wind energy in China and the problems in the process of promoting the use of renewable energy sources are analyzed, and relevant proposals are put forward. An overview of cooperation in the field of the use of wind turbines in buildings was made, examples of buildings built in China were given. The positive aspects of the introduction of wind power plants in construction, and their impact on the creation of a healthy living environment in cities, are determined.

S.G. SHEINA¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
U. SHISIAO¹, Postgraduate,
A.A. FEDOROVSKAYA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
N.P. UMNYAKOVA^2,3, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering)

¹ Don State Technical University (1, Gagarin Square, Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russian Federation)
² Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
³ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoye Shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Su C., Liang B.I., Ding L., Zhang S.G., Liu H. Research on China’s Energy Development Strategy under Carbon Neutrality. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version). 2021. Vol. 36, Iss. 9, pp. 1001–1009. DOI: 10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20210727001
2. Su I., Xu C. Prospects of China and Russia in the world energy market up to 2050. Mineral’nye resursy Rossii. Ekonomika i upravlenie. 2020. No. 4–5 (173), pp. 92–99. (In Russian).
3. Fedorovskaya A.A., Sheina S.G. Comprehensive assessment for optimal wind energy use in cottage construction. Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2022. № 114 (6). Article No. 11414. DOI: 10.34910/MCE.114.14
4. Ding C.D. A brief analysis of the importance of solar energy in building renovation. Kitaisko-zarubezhnaya arkhitektura. 2018. No. 1, pp. 219–221.
5. Permyakov M.B., Krasnova T.V., Ivanchenko T.A. Utilization of solar energy in the complex of energy-efficient buildings – polygons. Building materials, structures and technologies of the XXI century: Interuniversity collection of scientific papers. Magnitogorsk. 2019, pp. 28–35. (In Russian).
6. Kulagin V.A. Energy transformation in the conditions of accelerating technological progress. Energeticheskaya politika. 2019. No. 2, pp. 54–61. (In Russian).
7. Wang S.H. Application of solar photovoltaic power generation technology and building integration in energy-efficient buildings. Ekologicheski chistye stroitel’nye materialy. 2018. Vol. 135, pp. 64–68. (In Russian).
8. Li N. Application and design of solar photovoltaic technology in architecture. Energosberezhenie. 2019. No. 8, pp. 1–3. (In Russian).
9. Liuyan Y., Jianchao X. Review on China’s wind power policy (1986-2017). Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019. Vol. 26 (4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05540-0
10. Huang H.L., Hu C.L., Dai W.B. Development status and development trends of offshore wind energy. Energetika i energosberezhenie. 2020. No. 177, pp. 57–59. (In Russian).
11. Bobylev S.N., Baraboshkina A.V., Ju Xuan. Priorities of low-carbon development for China. Gosudarstvennoe upravlenie. 2020. No. 82. (In Russian). DOI: 10.24411/2070-1381-2020-10095
12. Butuzov V.A., Bezrukikh P.P., Gribkov S.V. Russian wind energy: scientific and design schools, stages of development, prospects. Santekhnika. Otoplenie. Konditsionirovanie. 2021. No. 5 (233), pp. 62–76. (In Russian).
13. Zilberova I.Y., Mailyan V.D., Petrov K.S., Lebed K.G. The role of the state in improving the urban environment. Inzhenernyi vestnik Dona. 2020. No. 3. (In Russian).
14. Sokolov N., Ezhov S., Ezhova S. Preserving the natural landscape on the construction site for sustainable ecosystem. Journal of applied engineering science. 2017. Vol. 15. No. 4, pp. 518–523.
15. Butuzov V.A. Modern Russian renewable energy. Energiya: ekonomika, tekhnika, ekologiya. 2022. No. 3, pp. 52–63. (In Russian). DOI: 10.7868/S0233361922030090

The article discusses the method of calculating the brightness of building facades under local architectural lighting. Local lighting of facades of buildings is the allocation of decorative architectural elements, piers between windows, individual sites by light. The main purpose of such lighting is to attract attention to the architectural decoration of the facade of the building and the formation of a favorable visual perception of the building in the dark time of the day. Local LED architectural lighting is characterized by low power consumption and low uniformity of brightness distribution along the facade of the building. These features require different approaches to normalizing the uniformity of the brightness distribution along the facade of the building. A method for calculating the brightness distribution for local architectural lighting, implemented using office programs like Excel, is proposed. The technique uses the properties of the symmetry of the distribution of the light flux from the emitter in space. The distribution of brightness (illumination) along the facade is represented by the program in the form of brightness (illumination) isolines on the facade area allocated by light. The use of this technique makes it possible, without the use of complex computer programs, to calculate the brightness and its distribution along the facade of the building, to select the necessary power of the lighting device to ensure the normalized brightness of the facade.

I.A SHMAROV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.V. ZEMTSOV, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

1. Shchepetkov N.I. Svetodizain goroda i inter’era [Lighting design of the city and interior]. Moscow: Svetotekhnika. 2021. 454 p.
2. Kozlov I.N. Research of the method of architectural lighting development. Innovatsii. Nauka. Obrazovanie. 2021. No. 25, pp. 761–765. (In Russian).
3. Krasilnikova E., Voronin A., Kuks S. LEDs in architecture. Experience of introduction of LED technologies in architectural lighting. Poluprovodnikovaya svetotekhnika. 2010. Vol. 3. No. 5, pp. 42–46. (In Russian).
4. Kolgushkina S.V., Bystryantseva N.V., Prokopenko V.T. Investigation of brightness characteristics of objects with architectural lighting on the central streets of the city of Tula. Svetotekhnika. 2019. No. 4, pp. 24–28. (In Russian).
5. Zaporenko S.Yu. Features of festive architectural lighting of facades of cultural objects. Sovremennoe stroitel’stvo i arkhitektura. 2020. No. 1 (17), pp. 6–14. (In Russian).
6. Yuminov P.A. Modern architectural lighting. Nauchnye issledovaniya i razrabotki molodykh uchenykh. 2015. No. 4, pp. 8–11. (In Russian).
7. Kokaman B. Energy efficiency of lighting of historical buildings on the example of lighting of the El-Aman caravanserai. Svetotekhnika. 2020. No. 2, pp. 56–62. (In Russian).
8. Galatanu K.D., Ashraf M., Lukache D.D., Byu D., Chiugudeanu K. Coefficient of use for architectural lighting. Svetotekhnika. 2019. No. 4, pp. 30–37. (In Russian).
9. Shchepetkov N.I. The art of lighting Berlin. Svetotekhnika. 2011. No. 2, pp. 13–19. (In Russian).
10. Shmarov I.A. Application of the properties of spherical symmetry of the light field in lighting calculations. Vestnik otdeleniya stroitel’nykh nauk RAASN. 1999. Iss. 2. (In Russian).

Modern man spends most of his life in buildings that protect him from adverse environmental manifestations. However, along with the function of protection, buildings under certain conditions are able to accumulate harmful substances in significant quantities. The most dangerous of these substances is the radioactive gas radon, the concentration of which is insignificant in the atmospheric air, but can reach high values in poorly ventilated rooms on the lower floors of buildings. Currently, radon in buildings is a globally recognized problem, each of the technologically developed countries with a temperate climate implements programs to reduce its radon concentration in indoor air. However, the danger to public health is not radon itself, but its short-lived progeny: polonium-218, lead-214 and bismuth-214, which account for more than 90% of the internal radiation dose. The presence of radon in buildings automatically indicates the presence of its progeny, which are heavy metals. The article proposes a method for designing horizontal underground enclosing structures that can provide a favorable radon environment in a building while performing the main load-bearing functions, and also determines the physical and mechanical parameters of the soil that form the radon load on the foundation. Using the proposed method, the minimum sufficient dimensions of the building base plate are estimated for various specific soil activities in the base and the multiplicities of air exchange in the room.

V.I. RIMSHIN^1,2, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. );
A.V. KALAYDO^1,3, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. );
M.N. SEMENOVA¹, Leading Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
O.V. DAVYSKIBA³, Candidate of Sciences (Pedagogical)

¹ Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoye Shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
³ Luhansk State Pedagogical University (LSPU) (2, Oboronnaya Street, Luhansk, 291011, Russian Federation)

1. Gulabyants L.A., Kalaido A.V. Protivoradonovaya zashchita zhilykh i obshchestvennykh zdanii [Anti-tornado protection of residential and public buildings]. Moscow; Berlin: Direct-Media. 2020. 232 p.
2. Rimshin V.I., Kalaido A.V., Semenova M.N., Borsch V.A. Construction technologies for ensuring radon safety of buildings. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2023. No. 6, pp. 33–38. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2023-814-6-33-38
3. Gulabyants L. A. Incidents of normative and methodological provision of radiation safety of buildings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2010. No. 5, pp. 63–65. (In Russian).
4. Gulabyants L. A. The principle of constructing new standards for designing anti–radiation protection of buildings. Academia. Architectura i stroitelstvo. 2009. No. 5, pp. 461–467. (In Russian).
5. Miklyaev P.S., Petrova T.B., Dorozhko A.L., Makeev V.M. Principles of assessing the potential radon
hazard of territories at the pre-project stages of construction. Materials of the annual session of the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on problems of geoecology, engineering geology and hydrogeology. 2012, pp. 350–355. (In Russian).
6. Miklyaev P.S., Petrova T.B. Problems of assessment and mapping of geogenic radon potential. Proceedings of the X International Scientific and Practical Conference on problems of reducing natural hazards and risks. 2018, pp. 87-92. (In Russian).
7. Miklyaev P.S., Petrova T.B. Mechanisms of radon flux formation from the soil surface and approaches to assessing the radon hazard of residential territories. ANRI: Apparatura i novosti radiatsionnykh izmereniy. 2005. No. 3 (42), pp. 60–64. (In Russian).
8. Yarmoshenko I. V. Radon as a factor of irradiation of the Russian population. Biosfernaya sovmestimost’: chelovek, region, tekhnologii. 2017. No. 2 (18), pp. 108–116. (In Russian).
9. Каlaydo А.V., Rimshin V.I., Semenova M.N. Assessment of the contributions of diffusive and convective radon entry into the buildings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 7, pp. 48–53. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2021-7-48-53
10. Kalaido A.V., Rimshin V.I., Semenova M.N. Ensuring acceptable levels of radon irradiation in buildings with passive radon-protective technologies. BST: Byulleten’ stroitel’noy tekhniki. 2021. No. 6 (1042), pp. 20–22. (In Russian).
11. Kalaido A.V., Rimshin V.I., Semenova M.N., Bykov G.S. Passive technologies for ensuring radon safety of the air environment of projected buildings. Vestnik of Volga State Technological University. Series. Materials. Constructions. Technologies. 2021. No. 1, pp. 28–35. (In Russian).
12. Rimshin V.I., Shubin L.I., Savko A.V. Resource of force resistance of reinforced concrete structures of engineering structures. Academia. Architectura i stroitelstvo. 2009. No. 5, pp. 483–491. (In Russian).
13. Roshchina S.I., Rimshin V.I. Calculation of deformations of bent reinforced wooden elements taking into account creep. Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2011. No. 1 (34), pp. 121–124. (In Russian).
14. Larionov E.A., Rimshin V.I., Vasilkova N.T.Energy method for assessing the stability of compressed reinforced concrete elements. Stroitel’naya mekhanika inzhenernykh konstruktsii i sooruzhenii. 2012. No. 2, pp. 77–81. (In Russian).
15. Shubin I.L., Bakaeva N.V., Kalaydo A.V., Skrynnikova A.V. Limitation of radon inflow from the soil into the building due to construction technologies. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 6, pp. 62–66. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-771-6-62-66
16. Rimshin V.I., Kustikova Yu.O. Theoretical foundations for calculating the adhesion of glass-basalt-plastic reinforcement with concrete. Izvestiya of the Oryol State Technical University. Series Construction and transport. 2009. No. 2–22, pp. 29–33. (In Russian).
17. Rimshin V.I., Bikbov R.H., Kustikova Yu.O. Some elements of reinforcement of building structures with composite materials. Vestnik of the Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov. 2005. No. 10, pp. 381–383. (In Russian).
18. Rimshin V.I., Galubka A.I., Sinyutin A.V. Engineering method for calculating reinforcement of reinforced concrete slabs with composite reinforcement. Nauchno-tekhnicheskii vestnik Povolzh’ya. 2014. No. 3, pp. 218–220. (In Russian).
19. Rimshin V.I., Labudin B.V., Melekhov V.I., Orlov A., Kurbatov V.L. Improvement of strength and stiffness of components of main struts with foundation in wooden frame buildings. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 2018. Vol. 13, pp. 3851–3856.
20. Kuzina E., Cherkas A., Rimshin V Technical aspects of using composite materials for strengthening constructions. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Vol. 365. Iss. 3. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/365/3/032053
21. Karpenko N.I., Eryshev V.A., Rimshin V.I. The limiting values of moments and deformations ratio in strength calculations using specified material diagrams. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Vol. 463. Iss. 3. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/463/3/032024
22. Sokolov N., Ezhov S., Ezhova S. Preserving the natural landscape on the construction site for sustainable ecosystem. Journal of applied engineering science. 2017. Vol. 15. No. 4, pp. 518–523.
23. Telichenko V., Rimshin V., Eremeev V., Kurbatov V. Mathematical modeling of groundwaters pressure distribution in the underground structures by cylindrical form zone В. MATEC Web Conf. XXVII R-S-P Seminar, Theoretical Foundation of Civil Engineering (27RSP) (TFoCE 2018). 2018. Vol. 196. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819602025
24. Rimshin V.I., Labudin B.V., Melekhov V.I., Orlov A., Kurbatov V.L. Improvement of strength and stiffness of components of main struts with foundation in wooden frame buildings. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 2018. Vol. 13, pp. 3851–3856.

An analysis of the water resources of the world and the Russian Federation, the state and problems of the water industry in Russia, ways to solve them and trends in the field of water resources are given. It is shown that the national security of the state, population health largely depends on water management and environmental safety, the level of water supply of the population and the social sphere with high-quality drinking water, the continuity and sufficiency of water supply to economic sectors, the state of water bodies and water resources, the reliability of forecasting emergency water management situations, and their timely prevention. population health. It is emphasized that at present for Russia the problem of providing the population with drinking water of the required quality in sufficient quantities and the environmental safety of water use is the most relevant. These are not only technical problems of obsolete equipment and general technical backwardness, but, above all, legal, organizational and economic problems. It is noted that this is largely due to the increasing rate of wear and tear and unsatisfactory technical condition of a significant number of centralized systems and facilities for water supply and sanitation of cities and towns in Russia, pollution of water bodies, and the lack of required zones for their sanitary protection. It is concluded that the water management complex of Russia needs serious modernization.

О.G. PRIMIN, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor, Chief Researcher, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

1. Danilov-Danilyan V.I. Vodnye resursy mira i perspektivy vodokhozyaistvennogo kompleksa Rossii [Water resources of the world and prospects of the water management complex of Russia]. Moscow: Institute of Sustainable Development – Center for Environmental Policy of Russia. 2019. 88 p.
2. Proskuryakova L.N., Saritas O., Sivaev S.B. Vodokhozyaistvennyi kompleks: global’nye vyzovy i dolgosrochnye tendentsii innovatsionnogo razvitiya [Water management complex: global challenges and long-term trends of innovative development]. Moscow: VHSE. 2015. 84 p.
3. Demin A.P. Providing drinking water to the population of Russia. Vodoochistka. 2019. No. 3. (In Russian).
4. Vasilyeva M.V., Zinurova R.N. The effectiveness of the implementation of the Federal target program “Providing the population of Russia with drinking water”. Vestnik of the Kazan Technological University. 2013. Vol. 16. No. 14, pp. 239–241. (In Russian).
5. Nikonorova I.V., Sokolov N.S. Construction and territorial development of landslide slopes of the Cheboksary water reservoir. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 9, pp. 13–19. (In Russian).
6. Primin O.G., Pupyrev E.I. Problems of the current state of water supply and sanitation systems in Russia. Chistaya voda: problemy i resheniya. 2012. No. 3–4, pp. 40–48. (In Russian).
7. Primin O.G., Gromov G.N. Reliability and environmental safety of water and sewer pipelines. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2021. No. 4, pp. 54–61. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33622/0869-7019.2021.04.54-61
8. Sugawara N. Some economic effects and practices of water leakage control in Japan. AQUA. 2002. No. 5.
9. Bromell R.Y. Pipes and pipelines. Design criteria and experience in the uses of variorus materials. IWSA 11th Congress. Amsterdam. 1999.
10. Primin O.G. Utechki vody [Water leaks]. Moscow: MGSU–MISI. 2022.168 p.
11. Danilovich D.D. The crisis of competence in the design of sewage treatment plants: forms, consequences, ways to overcome. Nailuchshie dostupnye tekhnologii vodosnabzheniya i vodootvedeniya. 2018. No. 4, pp. 5–13. (In Russian).
12. Kharkina O.V. Problems of designing biological treatment facilities with nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika. 2019. No. 5, pp. 7–12. (In Russian).
13. Vereshchagina L.M., Khudyakova D.D., Gromov G.N. The main directions of improving technological schemes and designs of installations for surface wastewater treatment. Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika. 2022. No. 4, pp. 27–34. (In Russian).
14. Volkov S.N., Lukyanchuk M.Yu., Zhitenev A.I., Ignatchik V.S., Ignatchik S.Yu., Kuznetsova N.V., Senyukovich M.A. Methods and results of estimation of parameters of calculated rains for drainage systems of surface runoff of St. Petersburg. Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika. 2022. No. 4, pp. 17–24.(In Russian).

The problems of determining (forecasting) the minimum surface temperature of enclosing building structures under design conditions are considered. It has been established that the currently used calculation methods for determining the main thermal characteristics of enclosing structures – the reduced resistance to heat transfer and the temperature of the inner surface, often significantly overestimate the desired values, and the conditions for conducting a full-scale experiment develop every few years. A combined computational-experimental method for determining the temperature of the inner surface of external enclosing structures is proposed, based on predicting the surface temperature of the enclosing structure based on the results of calculation using the similarity formula for statistical data arrays of temperature measurements taken in natural conditions on the test structure. On the example of testing a typical window unit installed in a building under construction at the time of measurements in Moscow, a methodology for the implementation of a full cycle of work to determine (predict) the minimum temperature of a window profile under design conditions is outlined. The basic requirements for the conditions of work, measuring instruments, sensor installation locations, measurement duration, and processing of results are described. Additionally, issues related to the factors affecting the measurement and calculation errors are considered. The performance of work to determine (predict) the minimum temperature of the inner surface of the building envelope according to the above method, in combination with tests to determine the reduced resistance to heat transfer, makes it possible to assess the compliance of the thermal parameters of the tested structure according to two of the three most important criteria, normalized by SP 50.13330–2012 (with Amendment No. 2).

I.S. KURILIUK¹, Leading Engineer , (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
S.I. KRYSHOV², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)

¹ Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² Center for Expertise, Research and Testing in Construction (GBU “TSEIIS”) (13, Ryazansky Avenue, Moscow, 109053, Russian Federation)

1. Konstantinov A.P., Krutov A.A., Tikhomirov A.M. Assessment of the PVC windows thermal characteristics in winter. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 8, pp. 65–72. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-773-8-65-72
2. Verkhovsky A.A., Konstantinov A.P., Smirnov V.A. Standardization and requirements of normative documentation for curtain walls in the Russian Federation. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2020. No. 6, pp. 35–40. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-6-35-40
3. Konstantinov A.P., Krutov A.A., Tikhomirov A.M. Assessment of thermal protection characteristics of PVC window blocks in winter operation. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 8, pp. 65–72. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-773-8-65-72
4. Gagarin V.G., Korkina E.V., Tyulenev M.D. The effect of opposite buildings on energy saving of buildings with low-emission glazing. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2022. No. 3, pp. 30–35. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2022-3-30-35
5. Kryshov S.I., Kurylyuk I.S. On the actual indicators of energy efficiency of buildings. Causes and ways to eliminate non-compliance with regulations. Energosberegenie. 2018. No. 4, pp. 38-42.
6. Konstantinov A.P., Verkhovsky A.A. The influence of negative temperatures on the thermal characteristics of window blocks made of PVC profiles. Stroitelstvo I reconstructcia. 2019. No. 3 (83), pp. 72–82. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2019-83-3-72-82

Systems of application of light steel thin-walled structures have existed for more than half a century and serve primarily for the construction of frame buildings of various purposes in the shortest possible time with minimal resources. However, during this time, there have not been enough research carried out on the insulation and acoustic parameters of such structures. The objective of this research is to investigate the heat-protection properties of thin-walled, light steel structures. The article presents the results of calculation of the temperature-humidity regime in a year-long cycle of operation with determination of condensation zone of frame-sheathing walls from light steel thin-walled constructions with and without the use of vapor insulation layer. Computer modeling for the conditions of the city of Moscow of moisture distribution in the thickness of the structure, moisture accumulation over five years of operation was carried out. Thermograms of the operated object are presented. It has been established that without a vapor barrier layer in a frame-sheathing wall made of light steel thin-walled structures, the maximum moisture in the first year (during the period of greater moisture) of operation is 29 wt. % in the heat-insulating layer. In the second year there is an increase in the maximum humidity to 34% of the mass. In the following years (up to 5 years) the maximum humidity does not exceed 34% of mass. With the use of steam insulation, the maximum humidity during the second year of operation is approximately equal to the operational humidity for the “stone fiber plate” with a density range from 80 to 125 kg/m³,W_b = 5%; according to reference data SP 50.13330.2012 “Thermal protection of buildings” Annex T. The first year of operation 5%, the second year 5.6%.

I.V. BESSONOV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
O.V. GRADOVA¹, Head of Sector “Acoustic Materials and Constructions” (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.S. GOVRYAKOV^1,2, Engineer, Magister (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
E.A. GORBUNOVA^1,2, Engineer, Magister (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoye Shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Nazmeeva T.V. Posobie po proektirovaniiu stroitel’nykh konstruktsii maloetazhnykh zdanii iz stal’nykh kholodnognutykh otsinkovannykh profilei (LSTK) [Manual for the design of building structures of low-rise buildings from cold-bent galvanized steel profiles (LSTK)]. Moscow: Pervuy IPH. 2021. 238 p.
2. Hrapova T.E., Ryabov M.A., Fetisov V.V. Frame houses: the technology of building a house from LSTK. New technologies in the educational process and production. Materials of XVI interuniversity scientific and technical conference. 2018, pp. 170–175. (In Russian).
3. Tatalieva Z.K. Research of methods of design and construction of high-speed buildings from LSTK. Potential of intellectually gifted youth – development of science and education: materials of the IX International Scientific Forum of Young Scientists, Innovators, Students and Schoolchildren. Astrakhan, April 28–29, 2020. Astrakhan: Astrakhan State Architectural and Construction University. 2020, pp. 528–534. (In Russian).
4. Kornilov T.A., Gerasimov G.N. Exterior walls of low-rise buildings of light steel thin-walled structures for the conditions of the Far North. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 7, pp. 20–25. (In Russian).
5. Tilinin Yu.I., Pivovarchik A.V., Olefirenko A.A. Low-rise building technologies. Colloquium-Journal. 2021. No. 14–1 (101), pp. 4–7. (In Russian).
6. Kornilov T.A., Gerasimov G.N. On some mistakes of design and construction of low-rise houses from light steel thin-walled structures in the conditions of the Far North. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitelstvo. 2015. No. 3, pp. 41–45. (In Russian).
7. Kornilov T.A., Gerasimov G.N. Energy-efficient solutions for connecting the outer wall with the basement ceiling of low-rise houses from LSTK in the conditions of the Far North. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 1–2, pp. 36–41. (In Russian).
8. Leshchenko M.V., Semko V.A. Thermal properties of wall enclosing constructions made of thin-walled steel profiles and polystyrene concrete. Inzhenerno-stroitel’nyi zhurnal. 2015. No. 8, pp. 44–52. (In Russian).
9. Bezborodov E.L. Perforation effect on thermal profile performance of light gauge steel framing. Innovatsii i investitsii. 2019. No. 2, pp. 191–194. (In Russian).
10. Bezborodov E.L. Geometrical characteristics of modern “termprofil” light steel thin-walled structures (LSTK). Innovatsii i investitsii. 2020. No. 2, pp. 141–143.(In Russian).
11. Bezborodov E.L. Outer Walls with Frame of Light Steel Thin Wall Structures (LSTK). Innovatsii i investitsii. 2018. No. 2, pp. 186–190. (In Russian).
12. Belous A.N., Belous O.E., Kulumbegova L.Z. Influence of heat-conductive inclusions on the temperature fluctuation of the internal surface of the frame-panel buildings. Vestnik of the Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 2022. Vol. 2. No. 2, pp. 138–146. (In Russian). DOI: 10.31675/1607-1859-2022-24-2-138-146
13. Belous A.N., Belous O.E., Kulumbegova L.Z., Krakhin S.V. Thermal resistance of building envelopes with heat-conducting elements in summer period. Vestnik of the Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 2020. No. 6, pp. 129–142. (In Russian).DOI: 10.31675/1607-1859- 2021-23-6-129-142
14. Belous A.N., Kulumbegova L.Z., Belous O.E. Determination of thermal stability of low-voltage enclosing structures. Vestnik of the Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 2021. No. 4, pp. 112–119. (In Russian). DOI: 10.31675/1607-1859-2021-23-4-112-119

The analysis of acoustic conditions in specific rooms of active human communication with elevated levels of background noise, including in waiting rooms of vehicles, corridors and other places of common contacts in educational institutions, open-plan offices, etc. was carried out. A method was developed for combining the requirements for permissible noise levels with optimal reverberation time values for such objects. The method includes joint calculations of the required sound-absorbing finish to achieve the normative values of the sound pressure levels of the reverberation-noise background with distributed sources of speech signals over the entire area of the room. The technique also makes it possible to calculate the required sound absorption coefficient of the acoustic finishing of the room in the normal range of medium frequencies, provided that the area of possible placement of the sound-absorbing finishing in the interior of the room is determined. An important advantage of the developed methodology for combining regulatory requirements for noise levels and reverberation time in the premises of “live human communication” is the fact that all sequential calculation operations are carried out here in a fairly simple analytical form, which allows it to be used for a wide range of architects and acoustic engineers who do not have special software.

Kh.A. SHCHIRZHETSKII, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.N. SOUKHOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

1. Furduev V.V. Akusticheskie osnovy veshchaniya [Acoustic basics of broadcast]. Мoscow: Svyazizdat. 1960. 326 p.
2. Makrinenko L.I. Akustika pomeshchenii obshchestvennykh zdanii [Acoustics of public buildings]. Мoscow: Stroyizdat. 1989. 187 p.
3. Kuttruff H. Nachhall und Effective absorption in Räumen mit diffusen wandreflexion. Acustica. 1976. No. 35, pp. 141–153.
4. Anert V., Shteffen F. Tekhnika zvukousileniya. Teoriya i praktika [Sound amplification technique. Theory and practice] Moscow: PKF Lerusha. 2003. 416 p.
5. Antonov A.I., Ledenev V.I., Matveeva I.V., Shubin I.L. Raschety shuma pri proektirovanii shumozashchity v proizvodstvennykh zdaniyakh [Noise calculations in the design of noise protection in industrial buildings]. Moscow – Berlin: Direct MEDIA, 2020.
6. Iofe V.K. Spravochnik po akustike [Handbook of acoustics]. Moscow: Svyaz, 1979.
7. Shchirzhetskii Kh.A., Soukhov V.N., Shchirzhetskii A.Kh., Aleshkin V.M. On the problem of acoustic design of modern multipurpose halls. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 7, pp. 16–24. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-7-16-24
8. Shchirzhetsky H.A., Borisov L.A. Acoustics of hall rooms. Stsena. 2002. No. 21. (In Russian).
9. Shchirzhetsky H.A., Borisov L.A. Problems of acoustic design of modern multifunctional halls. Proceedings of the scientific and technical conference “Problems and ways of development of energy saving and protection from noise in construction”. Moscow, 2011. (In Russian).
10. Sergeev M.V., Kosinova V.E. Studies of the applicability of the Eyring formula to the description of reverberation in disproportionate rooms. Construction acoustics (acoustic improvement of premises, sound insulation, noise control): proceedings of NIISF. Moscow. 1983, pp. 10–18.
11. Makrinenko L. Acoustics of auditoriums in public buildings. New York: American Institute of Physics, 1994.
12. Mankovsky V.S. Akustika studii i zalov dlya zvukovosproizvedeniya [Acoustics of studios and halls for sound reproduction]. Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1966.
13. Harkevich A.A. Spektry i analiz [Spectra and analysis]. Moscow: GITTL, 1953.
14. Yavorsky B.M., Detlaf A.A. Spravochnik po fizike [Handbook of Physics]. Moscow: Nauka. 1974. Section V.5.4.
15. Subbotkin A.O., Shchirzhetsky H.A., Aleshkin V.M. Calculation of noise reduction in premises due to additional sound absorption fund. XXXII session of the RAO. Moscow. October 14–18, 2019. (In Russian).

The results of theoretical and experimental studies of sound insulation of light partitions with shotcrete claddings are presented. The search for ways to increase the sound insulation of enclosing structures without a significant increase of thickness and mass is an actual direction in building acoustics. Frameless sandwich panels with shotcrete claddings have prospects for widespread use as lightweight partitions between rooms in civil and industrial buildings. Shotcrete technology provides fast and high-quality execution of monolithic claddings from gypsum mortar. To meet the regulatory requirements for airborne sound insulation, it is necessary to reduce the resonant sound transmission near resonant dips in the medium and high frequency ranges. Theoretical studies have been carried out on the basis of the theory of self-coincidence of wave fields, and methods for increasing of sound insulation of light partitions have been determined. The method of acoustic separation of shotcrete claddings and the middle layer of sandwich panels provides a shift in the resonant frequency of the “mass-elasticity-mass” system below the normalized frequency range. The method of fragmentation of shotcrete linings provides a shift of the cutoff frequency of the region of full spatial resonances above the normalized frequency range. To test the effectiveness, laboratory experimental studies of sound insulation of three samples of light partitions were carried out. Both developed methods for increasing the sound insulation of enclosures showed high efficiency. The most effective is the combined use of two methods, at the same time the increase in the airborne sound insulation index of the fence was 15 dB. Based on the results of the conducted research, two new types of lightweight partitions with shotcrete claddings have been developed that meet the regulatory requirements for the value of the airborne noise insulation index for residential and public buildings.

D.S. KUZMIN¹, Postgraduate Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
D.V. MONICH¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
P.A. GREBNEV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
M.A. POROZHENKO², Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (65, Ilyinskaya Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation)
² Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

1. Il’in D.S. Noise pollution of the urbanized environment. Environmental safety in the conditions of anthropogenic transformation of the natural environment: Collection of materials of the all-Russian school-seminar dedicated to the memory of N.F. Reimers and F.R. Shtilmark. Permian. 2021, рр. 214–215. (In Russian).
2. Savrasova N.A., Agapov A.D., Savrasova E.E. The problem of increasing noise pollution of the environment. Collection of articles of the III International Research Competition. Petrozavodsk. 2020, рр. 259–268. (In Russian).
3. Shubin I.L., Aistov V.A., Porozhenko M.A. Sound insulation of enclosing structures in multi-storey buildings. Requirements and methods of support. Stroitel’nye Materialу [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 3, рр. 33–43. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-768-3-33-43
4. Gureev K.A., Tryastsin D.V. Studies of the acoustic properties of materials for additional sound insulation in multi-apartment residential buildings in the conditions of the use of various building structures. Noise Theory and Practice. 2022. Vol. 8, No. 4, рр. 49–58. (In Russian).
5. Kuzmin D.S., Monich D.V., P Grebnev.A., Gradova O.V. Experimental studies of sound insulation of sandwich panels with shotcretedcladdings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2022. No. 7, рр. 18–23. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2022-7-18-23
6. Sedov M.S. Zvukoizolyatsiya. V kn.: Tekhnicheskaya akustika transportnykh mashin: spravochnik [Soundproofing. In the book: Technical acoustics of transport vehicles: a reference book]. Edited by N.I. Ivanov. Saint Petersburg: Polytekhnika. 1992, рр. 68–105.
7. Sedov M.S. Analysis and calculation of noise insulation by light enclosures. Proceedings of International Noise and Vibration Control Conference «Noise-93». Edited by M.J. Crocker and N.I. Ivanov. 1993. Vol. 3. St. Petersburg, рр. 111–116.
8. Grebnev P.A., Monich D.V. Study of the soundproofing properties of frameless enclosing structures made of sandwich panels. Privolzhskii nauchnyi zhurnal. 2014. No. 3, рр. 53–58. (In Russian).
9. Cremer L., Eisenberg A. Verbesserung der Schalldämmung dünner Wände durch Verringerung ihrer Biegesteifigkeit. Bauplanung und Bautechnik. Bd. 2. No. 8. 1948, рр. 235–238.
10. Ilyashuk Yu.M. Influence of rigidity of enclosing structures on their sound insulation. Proceedings of I scientific. conference “Combating noise and the effects of noise on the body”, Vol. 2. Leningrad: VTsNIIOT. 1958, рр. 56–76. (In Russian).
11. Bobylev V.N., Sedov M.S. On the influence of the flexural stiffness of fences on their sound insulation in the frequency range below the boundary. Abstracts of the VIII All-Union Acoustic Conference. Moscow. 1973, рр. 45–49. (In Russian).
12. Bobylev V.N., Tishkov V.A., Monich D.V., Grebnev P.A. Rezervy povysheniya zvukoizolyatsii odnosloinykh ograzhdayushchikh konstruktsii [Reserves for increasing the sound insulation of single-layer building envelopes]. Nizhny Novgorod: NNGASU. 2014. 118 p.
13. Kochkin A.A., Shashkova L.E., Kochkin N.A., Ivanova A.V. Ways to improve sound insulation of enclosing structures of buildings. Privolzhskii nauchnyi zhurnal. 2022. No. 1, рр. 41–51. (In Russian).
14. Kochkin A.A., Shashkova L.E. Improving the sound insulation of layered vibration-damped fences by reducing their bending stiffness. Izvestiya of the Southwestern State University. 2011. No. 5–2, рр. 159–162. (In Russian).
15. Patent na poleznuyu model’ RF 214565. Zvukoizoliruyushchee ograzhdenie [Soundproof enclosure]. Kuzmin D.S., Bobylev V.N., Erofeev V.I., Pavlov I.S., Grebnev P.A., Monich D.V., Gagulaev A.V., Efimov A.P., Poleshchikov S.N. Priority from 22.09.2022. (In Russian).
16. Patent na poleznuyu model’ RF 217696. Zvukoizoliruyushchee ograzhdenie s ob-litsovkami iz metamateriala [Soundproof enclosure with metamaterial claddings]. Kuzmin D.S., Monich D.V., Bobylev V.N., Grebnev P.A., Erofeev V.I., Pavlov I.S. Utility model patent RU No. 217696. Priority from 21.02.2023. (In Russian).

The results of experimental studies of the sound insulation of fences with flexible slabs on the offset, carried out in reverberation rooms, are presented, and an analysis is made of the influence of some factors on their sound insulation. It is shown that the installation of flexible slabs on the offset from both sides of the main structure in the case of an air gap increases the additional sound insulation in relation to the one-sided arrangement of the slabs by 5–6 dB, and when the gap is filled with sound-absorbing material, this increase is 3–4 dB. The difference in additional sound insulation due to the use of layered vibration-damped elements compared to flexible plates connected “dry” does not exceed 2 dB with an air gap, and when the gap is filled with sound-absorbing material, it is equal to zero.

N.A. KOCHKIN¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.V. IVANOVA¹, Senior Lecturer, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.L. SHUBIN², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Correspondent Мember of RAACS, Director, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.A. KOCHKIN¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Vologda State University (15, Lenin Street, Vologda, 160000, Russian Federation)
² Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

1. Bobylev V.N., Grebnev P.A., Erofeev V.I., Kuzmin D.S., Monich D.V. Sound insulation of frameless sandwich panels with a groove-ridge connection of the middle layer. Privolzhskii nauchnyi zhurnal. 2020. No. 3 (55), pp. 9–18. (In Russian).
2. Bobylev V.N., Dymchenko V.V., Erofeev V.I., Monich D.V., Khazov P.A. Analysis of the effect of the type of rack profile on the sound insulation of a frame-sheathing partition with a single frame by finite element modeling. Privolzhskii nauchnyi zhurnal. 2019. No. 4 (52), pp. 18–22. (In Russian).
3. Erofeev V.I., Monich D.V. Reserves for increasing the sound insulation of single-layer and multi-layer enclosing structures of buildings. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. 2020. Vol. 22. No. 5, pp. 98–110. (In Russian).
4. Dymchenko V.V., Erofeev V.I., Monich D.V. Sound insulation of frame-sheathing partitions. Proceedings of the All-Russian Acoustic Conference. Materials of the III All-Russian Conference. 2020, pp. 499–501. (In Russian).
5. Kochkin A.A., Shubin I.L., Shashkova L.E., Kochkin N.A. Designing sound insulation of layered elements of finite dimensions. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noi promyshlennosti. 2016. No. 4 (364), pp. 161–167. (In Russian).
6. Minaeva N.A. Studies of the influence of innovative texound material on the sound-proofing properties of building partitions. BST. 2021. No. 6 (1042), pp. 18–19. (In Russian).
7. Minaeva N.A. Analysis of sound-proofing qualities of frame-sheathing partitions. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2018. No. 4, pp. 137–141. (In Russian).
8. Lelyuga O.V., Ovsyannikov S.N., Shubin I.L. Studies of sound insulation of internal enclosing structures taking into account structural sound transmission. BST. 2018. No. 7 (1007), pp. 39–43. (In Russian).
9. Kochkin A.A., Shubin I.L., Kochkin N.A., Kiryatkova A.V. On the regulation of sound insulation layered vibration-damped elements. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noi promyshlennosti. 2016. No. 4 (364), pp. 181–187. (In Russian).
10. Kochkin A.A., Kiryatkova A.V., Kochkin N.A. Improving the sound insulation of light fences using layered vibration damped elements. University science – to the region. Materials of the XIV All-Russian Scientific Conference. Vologda: Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Government of the Vologda Region, Vologda State University. 2016, pp. 174–177.
11. Kochkin A.A., Shashkova L.E. Increasing the sound insulation of layered vibration damped fences by reducing their bending stiffness. Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2011. No. 5 (38). Part 2, pp. 159–162. (In Russian).

As part of the studies substantiating the creation of a specialized methodology for designing landscaping for historical territories, the need is shown for continuity in approaches that should take into account the peculiarities and traditions of Moscow, promote the regeneration and reconstruction of historical territories, taking into account the preservation of architectural monuments, valuable urban development and its morphotypes, natural and artificial landscapes of historical zones. Design experience shows that the activities for the improvement of the historical territories of cities should include new socially and environmentally oriented approaches and use them as a tool for regenerating and improving the comfort of the urban environment, preserving cultural and natural heritage, recreating the appearance and “spirit of the place”. The role of socio-cultural, socio-ecological and geo-ecological factors in the design of improvement, the need to include these factors in the decision-making system for the development of territories are shown. An analysis of the criteria, methods of factor-by-factor studies and a comprehensive assessment, which are recommended for the subsequent development of a specialized design methodology in the form of an industry geographic information system (GIS) using information and analytical models of pre-design justifications and design of objects of various types, is given. The necessity of conducting at the pre-project level extended historical and urban planning, socio-cultural, socio-ecological studies, engineering-geological and geo-environmental surveys is substantiated, the use of expert methods of multifactorial assessment is also substantiated.

E.L. BELYAEVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

LLC Institute of Geobiospheric Research (1, Off. 512, Annenskiy Proezd, Moscow, 127521, Russian Federation)

1. Belyaeva E.L. Osobennosti blagoustroystva i ozeleneniya istoricheskikh gorodov. Podkhody i metodicheskiye rekomendatsii. Monografiya [Features of improvement and gardening of historical cities. Approaches and methodical recommendations. Monograph]. Moscow: Ekon-Inform. 2021. 270 p.
2. Belyaeva E.L. “Preservation” and “ensuring safety in the design of landscaping and landscaping of the centers of historical cities. Biosfernaya sovmestimost’: chelovek, region, tekhnologiya. 2019. No. 3 (27), pp. 54–70. (In Russian). DOI: 10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-54-70
3. Belyaeva E.L. Analysis of the results of the improvement of the centers of historical cities (on the example of Kolomna, Sergiev Posad, Dmitrov, Zvenigorod). Landshaftnaya arkhitektura v epokhu globalizatsii. 2021. No. 1, pp. 14–38. (In Russian). DOI: 10.37770/2712-7656-2021-1-14-38
4. Semenov V.N. Blagoustroystvo gorodov [Improvement of cities]. Moscow: Printing house P.P. Ryabushinsky. 1912. 184 p.
5. Belyaeva E.L. Belyaeva E.L., Belyaev A.Yu. On the history of urban improvement and engineering networks of Moscow. Part I. The history of the improvement of ancient Moscow. XIV–XVII centuries. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2021. No. 3, pp. 115–124. (In Russian).
6. Belyaeva E.L. On the history of urban improvement and engineering networks of Moscow. Part 2. Landscaping and engineering networks of the 18th – early 20th centuries. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2021. No. 4, pp. 99–109. (In Russian).
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10. Chistyakova S.B., Belyaeva E.L. The use of urban-ecological approaches to the improvement and landscaping of historical cities. Collection of scientific works of RAACS. Vol. 1: Fundamental, exploratory and applied research of the Russian Academy of Sciences on scientific support for the development of architecture, urban planning and the construction industry of the Russian Federation in 2020. Moscow. 2021, pp. 416–422. (In Russian).

A model of radiant heat exchange between the enclosing structures of buildings and the environment has been developed. The model is based on the calculation of heat inputs to the enclosing structures from external radiation and takes into account direct and diffuse solar radiation, as well as radiant heat transfer of the enclosing structures to the environment. When modeling diffuse solar irradiation, scattering from the surface of the soil and other objects surrounding the building, and radiation heat exchange of enclosing structures with clouds and clear skies are taken into account. The calculation of radiant heat transfer is carried out for the site (the plane of the building envelope), oriented at an arbitrary angle to the horizontal plane and to the cardinal points. The developed model has a generalized character and is applicable to the terrain for any latitude on the Earth’s surface. When applying the model in practice, based on the time dependences of the intensity of direct solar radiation, determined by cloudiness, it is possible to obtain time continuous data on heat transfer to enclosing structures. For this, archived statistical data of meteorological stations or model meteorological conditions can be used. The developed model can be used in carrying out computational and theoretical studies of the heat-protecting characteristics of various enclosing structures, as well as studies on the influence of non-stationary external thermal influences on the thermal microclimate of premises and requirements for heating and air conditioning systems.

A.Yu. OKUNEV^1,2, Candidate of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics);
E.V. LEVIN¹, Candidate of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² State University of Land Use Planning (15, Kazakova Street, Moscow, 105064, Russian Federation)

1. Аренс Э., Хайнзерлинг Д., Пальяга Г. Влияние теплопоступлений от солнечной радиации на тепловой комфорт в помещении // Энергосбережение. 2019. № 5. С. 54–61.
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3. Середа С.Н. Влияние инсоляции на микроклимат помещения // Международный научно-исследовательский журнал. 2021. № 5 (107). Ч. 1. С. 93–98.
3. Sereda S.N. The influence of insolation on the microclimate of the premises. Mezhdunarodnyy nauchno-issledovatel’skiy zhurnal. 2021. No. 5 (107). Part 1, pp. 93–98. (In Russian).
4. Сотников А.Г. Математический и стереографический анализ интенсивности солнечной радиации и затенения светопроемов для расчета СКВ зданий // Инженерно-строительный журнал. 2010. № 4. С. 21–30.
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5. Hodder S., Parsons K. The effects of solar radiation and black body re-radiation on thermal comfort. Ergonomics. 2008. Vol. 51 (4), pp.476–491. DOI: 10.1080/00140130701710986
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8. Коркина Е.В., Горбаренко Е.В., Пастушков П.П., Тюленев М.Д. Исследование температуры нагрева поверхности фасада от солнечной радиации при различных условиях облучения // Жилищное строительство. 2020. № 7. С. 19–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-7-19-25
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One of the most common materials in the construction of partitions between rooms in buildings for various purposes, in particular in residential buildings, are tongue-and-groove blocks. One of the most important indicators of the level of comfort of the human environment is the sound insulation of enclosing structures. Low rates of sound insulation of enclosing structures have a detrimental effect on human health and labor activity. In order to assess the sound insulation of such structures, a series of tests of various partitions made of tongue-and-groove blocks was carried out for compliance with the airborne sound insulation index of the current regulatory requirements. The article considers various options for constructive solutions for partitions made of tongue-and-groove blocks between rooms in buildings for various purposes. The solutions and studies presented in various reference and scientific materials and publications of past years are studied. An analysis of the dependence of the indices of airborne noise insulation of partitions made of tongue-and-groove blocks on the adopted design solutions and test conditions was carried out. A graph of the dependence of the frequency characteristics of all structures for which the analysis of the dependence of airborne noise insulation indices was carried out is given. A comparison of full-scale tests and theoretical calculations of sound insulation of single-layer partitions of a solid section is also given in accordance with the current regulatory documents.

S.I. KRYSHOV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Head of Department (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
D.E. KOTELNIKOV¹, Leading Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
O.V. GRADOVA², Engineer, Head of Sector № 42.1 «Acoustic materials and structures»

¹ Center for Expertise, Research and Testing in Construction (GBU “TSEIIS) (13 Ryazansky Prospect, Moscow, 109052, Russian Federation)
² Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

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