The article considers the issue of the deviation of the boring head when drilling vertical wells, determining the real values of deviations from the vertical of wells, comparing the results with the permissible values specified in Russian and European documents, as well as studying the influence of deviations on the quality of work performed when solving various tasks of underground construction using the technology of jet cementation of soils. It is shown that the deviation of wells from the vertical is important only when installing vertical or horizontal anti-filtration curtains. When solving problems related to the strengthening of the soil mass with vertical soil-cement elements, as well as when installing pile foundations, the angle of deflection of wells is not of fundamental importance.

A.G. MALININ, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Director, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
I.A. SALMIN, Head of the Project Department

LLC “Construction Company “InzhProektStroy” (34, Off.105, Komsomolsky Avenue, Perm, 614000,Russian Federation)

1. Malinin A.G. Struinaya tsementatsiya gruntov [Jet cementation of soil]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 2010. 226 p.
2. Timoshenko S.P., Goodyear J. Teoriya uprugosti [Theory of elasticity]. Moscow: Nauka. 1975. 576 p.
3. Gmurman V.E. Rukovodstvo k resheniyu zadach po teorii veroyatnostei i matematicheskoi statistike [Guide to solving problems in probability theory and mathematical statistics]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola. 1979. 400 p.
4. Adamov A.A. Teoriya veroyatnostei i matematicheskaya statistika. Prikladnaya statistika s ispol’zovaniem MS Excel [Probability theory and mathematical statistics. Applied statistics using MS Excel]. Perm: Perm State Technical University. 2008. 174 p.
5. Kobzar A.I. Prikladnaya matematicheskaya statistika [Applied mathematical statistics]. Moscow: Fizmatlit. 2006. 816 p.
6. Sheinin V.I. The use of logarithmically normal distribution for processing the results of mechanical tests of soils. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov. 2020. No. 5, pp. 2–6. (In  Russian).
7. Mangushev R.A., Konyushkov V.V., Usmanov R.A., Lanko S.V. Metody podgotovki i ustroistva iskusstvennykh osnovanii [Methods of preparation and device of artificial bases]. Moscow: ASV. 281 p.
8. Malinin A.G., Gladkov I.L., Zhemchugov A.A., Salmin I.A. Experimental studies of the deformability of a soil base reinforced with soil-cement columns. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2012. No. 9, pp. 29–32. (In Russian).
9. Malinin A.G., Vinnikova E.A., Gladkov I.L., Zhemchugov A.A., Salmin I.A. Strengthening of weak soils at the base of the Formula 1 race track in Sochi. Transportnoe stroitel’stvo. 2014. No. 10, pp. 5–9. (In Russian).

Currently, during the construction of tunnels of the Moscow Metro, a tunnel-boring mechanized complex with active face loading is used because of its ability to minimize the impact on the surrounding development. Nevertheless, a slight subsidence of the earth’s surface during tunneling develops even at a great depth in rocky soils. Additional movements of the soil in the direction of the face of the tunnel-boring machine can be predicted in several ways: empirical, analytical, numerical. The purpose of this work is to correct the outbreak ratio affecting the subsidence of the earth’s surface numerically in the PLAXIS software package for rocky soils using geotechnical monitoring data. The article considers the construction section of interstation tunnels with a diameter of 6 m of the Big Ring Line. The projected route is located mainly in limestone and marl (carboniferous deposits). The recalculation of the outbreak ratio according to the monitoring data of buildings, structures and infrastructure facilities of Russian railways was carried out in flat and spatial settings. On the basis of the results of the adjustment, the calculated range of the technological parameter under consideration, which mainly varies from 0.25 to 0.56% in a flat setting, and from 0.44 to 0.81% in a three-dimensional model, is established. In addition, the authors examined the tunneling section, where dispersed soils are developed in the upper part of the face of the tunnel-boring mechanized complex, and rock soils are developed in the lower part. In this case, the value of the technological parameter reaches 0.67% in a two-dimensional problem. In turn, it was established that there are sections in the territory under consideration with a outbreak ratio not exceeding 0.1%.

A.Z. TER-MARTIROSYAN¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Director of the Institute of Construction and Architecture (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.P. KIVLYUK², Deputy General Director for the construction of metro facilities,
I.O. ISAEV², Head of the Department of Impact Assessment and Emergency Response Measures,
V.V. SHISHKINA², Engineer of the 1st category

¹ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
² AO “Mosinzhproekt” (10, Khodynsky Boulevard, Moscow, 125252, Russian Federation)

1. Fedunets B.I., Boyko F.A. Construction of distillation tunnels by modern TPMK during sinking in difficult hydrogeological conditions by the Mitinsko-Stroginskaya line of the Moscow metro. Gornyi informatsionno-analiticheskii byulleten’. 2008. No. 7, pp. 21–27. (In Russian).
2. Bezrodny K.P., Lebedev M.O. On the loads from mountain pressure on the lining of tunnels of the closed method of work. Zapiski gornogo instituta. 2017. Vol. 228, pp. 649–653. DOI: 10.25515/PMI.2017.6.649. (In Russian).
3. Ilyechev V.A., Nikiforova N.S., Gotman Yu.A., Tupikov M.M., Trofimov E.Yu. Analysis of the use of active and passive methods of protecting existing buildings in underground construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2013. No. 6, pp. 25–27. (In Russian).
4. Mazein S.V., Voznesensky A.S. Acoustic exploration of boulder inclusions at a tunnel-tunneling mechanized complex. The necessity and possibilities of forecasting. Gornyi informatsionno-analiticheskii byulleten’. 2006. No. 5, pp. 78–87. (In Russian).
5. Karasev M.A. Analysis of the causes of deformation of the Earth’s surface and the nature of the formation of subsidence mulda caused by the construction of transport vehicles. Zapiski gornogo instituta. 2011. Vol. 190, pp. 163–171. (In Russian).
6. Mazein S.V. Development of mathematical models for predictive precipitation of the daytime surface according to the data of soil control and technological indicators of TPMK. Gornyi informatsionno-analiticheskii byulleten’. 2009. No. 2, pp. 98–109. (In Russian).
7. Peck R.B. Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground. In: 7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Mexico City, State-of-the-Art. 1969, рp. 225–290.
8. Estuaries Y.A. Osadki zemnoi poverkhnosti pri sooruzhenii tonnelei v kembriiskikh glinakh [Precipitation of the earth’s surface in the construction of tunnels in the Cambrian clays]. Lrningrad: LIIZHT, 1957. 238 p.
9. Isayev O.N., Bokov I.A., Sharafutdinov R.F. the influence of design parameters on the simulation of the movement of soil during the sinking of the tunnels. Proceedings of the International Conference on geotechnics “Geotechnical problems of megacities”. Moscow. 2010, pp. 1547–1554.
10. Nasser Z. Ahmed, Mohamed El-Shourbagy, Adel Akl, Kamal Metwally. Field monitoring and numerical analysis of ground deformation induced by tunnelling beneath an existing tunnel. Cogent Engineering. 2021. DOI:10.1080/23311916.2020.1861731
11. Isaev O.N., Sharafutdinov R.F. Soil sorting during the construction of communication tunnels by the shield method. Mekhanizatsiya stroitel’stva. 2012. No. 6, pp. 2–7. (In Russian).
12. Chakeri H., Ünver B. A new equation for estimating the maximum surface settlement above tunnels excavated in soft ground. Environ Earth. Sci 71. 2014, pp. 3195–3210.
13. Park H., Oh J.-Y., Kim D., Chang S. Monitoring and analysis of ground settlement induced by tunnelling with slurry pressure-balanced tunnel boring machine. Advances in Civil Engineering. 2018. Vol. 2018, pp. 1–10. (In Russian). DOI:10.1155/2018/5879402
14. Ter-Martirosyan A.Z., Babushkin N.F., Isaev I.O., Shishkina V.V. Determination of the actual coefficient of soil sampling by analyzing monitoring data. Geotechnika. 2020. Vol. 7. No. 1, pp. 34–42. (In Russian). DOI: 10.25296/2221-5514-2020-12-1-6-14.
15. Ter-Martirosyan A.Z., Isaev I.O., Almakaeva A.S. Determination of the actual search coefficient (section “Stakhanovskaya Street” – “Nizhegorodskaya Street”. Vestnik MGSU. 2020. Vol. 15. Iss. 12, pp. 1644–1653. (In Russian). DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935. 2020.12.1644-1653.
16. Karasev M.A., 2011. Analysis of the causes of deformation of the Earth’s surface and the nature of the formation of subsidence mulda caused by the construction of transport tunnels. Zapiski Gornogo instituta. 2011. Vol. 190, pp. 163–170. (In Russian).
17. Taylor R.N. Modeling of tunnel behavior. Geotechnical Engineering. 1998. Vol. 13. No. 3, pp. 127–132.
18. Sas I.E., Bershov A.V. Features of the Hoek-Brown rock soil behavior model and setting its initial parameters. Inzhenernye izyskaniya. 2015. No. 13, pp. 42–47. (In Russian).
19. Kharisov T.F., Kharisova O.D. Study of the stability of the massif in the process of field development in difficult mining and geological conditions. Problemy nedropol’zovaniya. 2019. No. 12, pp. 79–87. (In Russian).

According to the “Map of modern vertical movements of the earth’s crust on the territory of the USSR” (Moscow: Central Research Institute of Geology, Aerial Survey and Cartography, 1990), on the territories of the Volgograd, Saratov, Samara Regions, the values of vertical subsidence speeds of the earth’s surface range from 1 mm to 6 mm per year. Since today the thickness of the sedimentary layer of soil on the oceanic crust in the central part of the Peri-Caspian Depression is 22 km, all this suggests that the Peri-Caspian Depression is a “geosynclinal region” that develops according to geological and tectonic rules strictly specified by nature, but which are not taken into account in the standard set of seismic maps OSR-2015. The author of the article, taking into account the tectonic rules in force for hundreds of millions of years during the development of geosynclinal regions on Earth and the prevail-ing specific tectonic conditions on the territory of the Volgograd Region, once again sub-stantiates the need to increase the seismic hazard on its territory.

A.V. MASLYAEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Research Seismic Laboratory (27, Zemlyachki Street, Volgograd, 400117, Russian Federation)

1. Yudakhin F.N., Shchukin Yu.K., Makarov V.I. Glubinnoe stroenie i sovremennye geodinamicheskie protsessy v litosfere Vostochno-Evropeiskoi platformy [Deep structure and modern geodynamic processes in the lithosphere of the East European platform]. Yekaterinburg: Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2003. 300 p.
2. Muratov M.V. Proisxozhdenie materikov i okeanskix vpadin [Origin of continents and ocean depressions]. Moscow: Nauka, 1975. 176 p.
3. Peive A.V. Oceanic crust of the geological past. Geotektonika. 1969. No. 4. (In Russian).
4. Brazhnikov G.A., Voronkov A.V., Salov Yu.A., Larin A.P., Knir L.G., Langbort A.E. Langbort A.E. ektonicheskoe raionirovanie Volgogradskoi oblasti. V kn. Voprosy geologii i neftegazonosnosti Volgogradskoi oblasti [Tectonic zoning of the Volgograd region. In the book: Issues of geology and oil and gas content of the Volgograd region]. Leningrad: Nedra. 1965. Pp. 164–180.
5. Platonov A.S., Shestoperov G.S., Rogozhin E.A. Utochnenie seismotektonicheskoi obstanovki i seismicheskoe mikroraionirovanie uchastka stroitel’stva gorodskogo mosta cherez r. Volgu v Volgograde. Seismotektonicheskoe issledovanie [Specification of seismotectonic conditions and seismic microdivision into districts of a site of bulding of the city bridge through the river Volga in Volgograd. Seismotectonic research]. Moscow: CNIIS. 1996. 125 p.
6. Khain V.E., Lomidze M.G. Geotektonika s osnovami geodinamiki [Geotectonics with the basics of geodynamics]. Moscow: MGSU. 1995. 480 p.
7. Strelnikov S.I. Russkaya plita. V kn. Kosmicheskaya informaciya v geologii [Russian plate. In the book: Space information in geology]. Moscow: Nauka. 1983, pp. 179–185.
8. Belousov V.V. Tektonosfera Zemli. Idei i deistvitel`nost`. Problemy global`noj tektoniki [Tectonosphere of the Earth. Ideas and reality. Problems of global tectonics]. Moscow: Nauka. 1973.
9. Rozanov L.V., Tsygankov A.V., Aleshin V.M. Tektonicheskoe raionirovanie i novijshie dvizheniya Nizhnego Povolzh`ya. V kn. Voprosy geologii i neftegazonosnosti Volgogradskoi oblasti [Tectonic zoning and the latest movements of the Lower Volga region. In the book: Questions of geology and oil and gas potential of the Volgograd region]. Leningrad: Nedra. 1965, pp. 238–251.
10. Brazhnikov G.A., Salov Yu.A., Mushnikova Z.F., Fomenko N.R., Peskova A.Ya. Strukturnyi plan zapadnoi okrainy Prikaspiiskoi vpadiny. V kn. Voprosy geologii i neftegazonosnosti Volgogradskoi oblasti [Structural plan of the western margin of the Caspian basin. In the book: Questions of geology and oil and gas potential of the Volgograd region]. Leningrad: Nedra. 1965, pp. 181–199.
11. Reisner G.I., Ioganson L.I. Lookahead estimation of seismic potential of Russian platform. Nedra Povoljya i Prikaspiya. 1997. No. 13, pp. 11–14. (In Russian).
12. Maslyaev A.V. Seismic danger in territory of the Volgograd region is underestimated by standard cards OSR-97 the Russian Federation at the expense of simplification of tectonic conditions. Seismostoikoe stroitelstvo. Bezopasnost soorujenii. 2011. No. 6, pp. 46–49. (In Russian).
13. Maslyaev A.V. The building system of the Volgograd oblast ignores protection of life of people in buildings at earthquake. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 1–2, pp. 55–58. (In Russian).
14. Maslyaev A.V. Need to establish regional research centers to protect construction objects from the effects of natural hazards. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2020. No. 4–5, pp. 56–63. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-4-5-56-63
15. Sadovsky M.A., Pisarenko V.F. Seismicheskii protsess v blokovoi srede [Seismic obstructionum in processus amet]. Moscow: Nauka. 1991. 96 p.

The problems related to the organization of the design of cultural heritage objects for adaptation for modern use are considered; the philosophical approach of foreign and domestic specialists to the preservation of cultural heritage objects is reflected; the types of works related to the preservation of cultural heritage objects in accordance with Federal Law No. 73-FZ of 25.06.2002 “On Cultural Heritage Objects (Historical and Cultural Monuments) of the Peoples of the Russian Federation” (as amended on 19.12.2016 No. 431-FZ) are given. The essence of possible types of work on cultural heritage objects is described; the relevance of the works is determined; a number of problems and primary reasons faced by design organizations when designing the adaptation of cultural heritage objects for modern use are reflected. On the example of the reconstruction of the Mikhailovsky Palace in St. Petersburg, the experience of organizing the design of a cultural heritage object for modern use is given; the problems that the project organization faced when designing the object under study are listed; the main design solutions of the object under study are reflected; graphic material is presented.

L.M. KOLCHEDANTSEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering),
I.M. CHAKHKIEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering),
H.A. MAGAMADOV, Bachelor, Master Candidate

Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, Vtoraya Krasnoarmeiskaya Street, 190005, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation)

1. Mikhailova N.N. Modern values of cultural heritage and new approaches to its preservation. Tradicionnoe prikladnoe iskusstvo i obrazovanie. 2020. No. 1 (33), pp. 130–138. (In Russian).
2. Dutton D. Artistic Instinct: Beauty, Pleasure and Human Evolution. Oxford University Press. 2009. 278 p.
3. Landry С. The Origins & Futures of the Creative City. Creative City. Gloucestershire: Comedia, 2012.
4. Paliy K.R. Regulatory and legal mechanism for the development and implementation of a policy for the preservation of objects of historical and cultural heritage of St. Petersburg. Upravlencheskoe konsul’tirovanie. 2018. No. 7 (115), pp. 146–150. (In Russian).
5. Khakimov D.R., Trebukhin A.F. Features of the conservation and adaptation of cultural heritage to modern conditions. Vestnik Evrazijskoj nauki. 2019. No. 1. Vol. 11, рр. 57. (In Russian).
6. Magamadov Kh. A. Factors influencing the directive terms of designing objects of cultural heritage. Collection of articles of undergraduates and postgraduates. St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 2020. Iss. 3, pp. 264–270. (In Russian).
7. Grimm G.G. The works of Karl Rossi on the Mikhailovsky Palace, square and street. Arhitektura i stroitel’stvo Leningrada. 1936. No. 2, pp. 44–51. (In Russian).
8. Polovtsov A.V. A walk through the Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander III in St. Petersburg. Moscow: Tipografiya T-va Kushnereva. 1900. 173 p.
9. Fedotova N.Yu. Types of modernization of museum complexes of the late XX-early XXI century. Mezhdunarodnyj zhurnal eksperimental’nogo obrazovaniya. 2015. No. 7, pp. 75–79. (In Russian).
10. Sakhnovsky V.A., Polovtsev I.N. Adaptation of courtyards with museum and technological modernization of the Mikhailovsky Palace of the Russian Museum. Vestnik. Zodchij. 21 vek. 2016. No. 2–2 (59), pp. 46–48. (In Russian).

The problems of housing in urban planning under the conditions of technological progress of the late XIX – early XX centuries are considered. The concept of the garden-city in the implemented projects of the cities of this period is analyzed The contribution of the French architect T. Garnier to the development of housing construction for workers as part of the complex project “Industrial City” and influenced the layout of industrial cities in the USSR and other countries is noted. The issues of using the ideas of architects of the 1920s and 1930s as a tool for increasing the productivity of factory workers and accounting for the population in the USSR are highlighted on the example of Magnitogorsk and Chelyabinsk. The available methods of rapid construction of residential buildings are considered; the methods of construction of economical prefabricated housing are indicated.

Yu.V. DENISOVA, Architect (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Moscow Institute of Architecture (State Academy) (11/4, Rozhdestvenka Street, Moscow, 107031, Russian Federation)

1. Bunin A.B, Savarenskaya T.F. Istoria gradostroitel’nogo iskusstva [History of urban planning]. Vol. 2. Moscow. 1979. 411 p.
2. Glazichev V.L. Urbanistika [Urbanistics]. Moscow: Europe. 2008. 219 p.
3. Gutnov A.E. Evolucia gradostroitelstva [The evolution of urban planning]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1984. 256 p.
4. Iodo I.A., Potaev G.A. Gradostroitelstvo i territorialnaya planirovka [Urban planning and territorial planning]. Rostov-na-Dony: Fenix. 2008. 285 p.
5. Kibl L. Gorodskaya i rayonnaya planirovka. Principi i praktika planirovki gorodov Velikobritanii. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1965. 152 p.
6. Savarenskaya T.F., Shvidkovskiy D.O., Petrov F.A. Istoria gradostroitel’nogo Iskusstva [History urban planning art]. Moscow: Arkhitectura-S. 2004. 390 p.
7. Booth C. Life and labour of the people in London. Poverty. Rev. ed. N.Y.: A.M. Kelley. 1969.
8. Furie Sh. Teoria chetireh dvigeniy i vseobschih sudeb [The theory of four movements and universal destinies]. Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe social’no-economicheskoe izdatel’stvo. 1939. 780 p.
9. Kabe E. Puteshestvie v Ikariu [Journey to Ikaria]. Moscow: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences. 1948. 658 p.
10. Il’in A.B. The British movement “Garden City” and its influence on European society urban planning of the first quarter of the XX century. Prepodavatel’ XXI vek. 2014. № 1. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/britanskoe-dvizhenie-gorod-sad-i-ego-vliyanie-na-evropeyskoe-gradostroitelstvo-pervoy-chetverti-xx-veka/viewer (date of access 08.04.2021)
11. Popkov Yu.S., Posohin M.V., Gutnov A.E., Shmu-lyan B.l. Sistemniy analiz i problemi razvitiya gorodov [System analysis and problems of urban development]. Moscow: Nauka. 1983. 512 p.
12. Geddes P. Cities in evolution [Cities in evolution]. London: Williams and Norgate. 1915. 409 p. https://archive.org/details/citiesinevolutio00gedduoft/page/382/mode/2up
13. Holl P. Gorodskoe i regionalnoe planirovanie [Urban and regional planning]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1993. 246 p.
14. Hall P. Urban and regional planning. London, New York: Routledge. 2011. 281 p.
15. Houghton-Evans W. Architecture and urban design. Lancaster; New York [etc.]: Construction Press. 1978. 185 p.
16. Merlin P. New towns: regional planning and development. London: Methuen. 1971. XII. 276 p.
17. Morris E.S. British town planning and urban design: Principles and policies. Harlow, Essex, England: Longman. 1997. XIV. 279 p.
18. Reynolds J.P. Land use in an urban environment: a general view of town and country planning. Chapter 6. The plan: the changing objectives of the drawn plan. 1961/1962. Vol. 32. No. 3/4, pp. 151–184.
19. Denisova Y.V. Industrial city T. Garnier: ideology and reality. Arkhitectura i stroitel’stvo Rossii. 2019. No. 1 (229), pp. 102–107. (In Russian).
20. Denisova Y.V. Industrial city of Tony Garnier. The city center and the industrial complex. Arkhitectura i stroitel’stvo Rossii. 2015. No. 11/12, pp. 62–64. (In Russian).
21. Konisheva E.V., Meerovich M.G. Ernst May i proektirovanie sotsgorodov v godi pervih piatiletok (na primere Magnitogorska) [Ernst May and the design of social cities in the years the first five-year plans (on the example of Magnitogorsk)]. Saint Petersburg: Lenand. 2012. 224 p.
22. Kosenkova Y.L., Meerovich M.G., Duhanov S.S. Sovetskoe gradostroitelstvo 1917–1941 gg. [Soviet urban planning 1917–1941]. Moscow: Progress-Tradition. 2018.
23. Meerovich M.G. Nakazanie gilishem: gilishnaya politica v SSSR kak sredstvo upravlenia lud’mi (1917–1937 gg.) [The punishment of housing: housing policy in the USSR as means of managing people (1917–1937)]. Moscow: Russian Political Encyclopedia, Foundation of the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin. 2008. 303 p.
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25. Zueva P.P. Philip Tolziner. Creativity and the fate of a Bauhaus student in the USSR [Collection of scientific works Questions of the Universal history of Architecture]. Is. 4. Moscow: Lenand. 2012, pp. 351–373.
26. Konisheva E.V. Evropeyskie arhitectori v sovetskom gradostroitelstve epohi pervih piatiletok. Dokumenti i materiali [European architects in Soviet urban planning epochs of the first five-year plans. Documents and materials]. Moscow: BuksMart. 2017. 360 p.
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The student dormitory, being an integral part of the university housing infrastructure, ensures the growth of the competitiveness of universities. The projected increase in the number of students by 2035 shows the need to obtain temporary housing for 40% of students studying at universities in Kazakhstan. The article presents the structure of the need for student dormitories in the context of the regions of Kazakhstan as of the modern period of time. An overview of the dynamics of the commissioning of student dormitories in the country over the past 10 years is presented and the analysis of a sharp increase in the commissioning of new student dormitories in 2019–2020 is given. The implementation of the State Program of the Republic of Kazakhstan, aimed at increasing the number of beds in dormitories to 90 thousand by 2025, contributes to the growth of the construction of new student dormitories. The review of the construction and reconstruction of individual student dormitories for a number of Kazakh universities, technical and economic characteristics of the largest student dormitories under construction is carried out. The issues of the financing mechanism for the expansion of student dormitories are disclosed, an algorithm for reimbursing entrepreneurs for initial investments from the state is given, priority directions for attracting private business structures to the construction of student dormitories on the basis of public-private partnership are justified.

U.Z. SHALBOLOVA, Doctor of Sciences (Economics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
S.М. YEGEMBERDIYEVA, Doctor of Sciences (Economics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ),
Z.N. CHIKIBAYEVA, Master of Economics, PhD candidate (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. )

L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (2 Satpayev Street., Nur-Sultan, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan)

1. Podoprigora Yu.V., Ufimtseva E.V., Eliseev A.M., Zakharova T.V. Identification of the role and functions of infrastructure in the socio-economic and cultural space of the university city. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: ekonomika i upravlenie. 2019. No. 1, pp. 17–22. (In Russian).
2. Eliseev A.M., Podoprigora Yu.V., Ufimtsev E.V., Zakharova T.V. Modern residential complexes of the university city in the context of geoeconomics. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2019. No. 45, pp. 89–195. (In Russian). DOI: 10.17223/19988648/45/19
3. Trotsenko A.N. Methodology for determining perspective directions of university’s social infrastructure development as competitiveness factor. Prakticheskii marketing. 2018. No. 4, pp. 22–27. (In Russian).
4. Efremova L.V. University as a public urban space. Mezhdunarodnyj zhurnal gumanitarnyh i estestvennyh nauk. 2018. No. 4, pp. 119–121. (In Russian).
5. French N., Bhat G., Matharu G., Guimarães F.O. and Solomon D. Investment opportunities for student housing in Europe. Journal of Property Investment & Finance. 2018. Vol. 3. No. 6, pp. 578–584. DOI: 10.1108/JPIF-08-2018-0058
6. Davies F. European student housing: sector capitalization, drivers and investment characteristics. master’s thesis. University Cambridge. 2018. 43 р. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.25444
7. La Roche C.R., Flanigan M.A., Copeland Jr.P.K. Student housing: trends, preferences and needs. Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER). 2010. Vol. 3. No. 10, pp. 45–50. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1072668.pdf
8. Naumova E.V., Tevlyukova O.Yu. The socio-cultural sphere of Novosibirsk: the view of student youth (based on the research materials). Teoriya i praktika obshchestvennogo razvitiya. 2016. No. 6, pp. 30–32. (In Russian).
9. Attakora-Amaniampong E., Miller A.W., Aziabah S.A. Determinants of investor satisfaction with e-commerce platforms and traded products in student housing development in Ghana. Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/isd2.12162
10. Popov A.V. Features of the architectural organization of the system of servicing rooms of student dormitories according to the results of an architectural survey of 297 objects of student housing In Russia and the CIS (dormitories, student campuses, university campuses). Perspektivy nauki. 2019. No. 2 (113), pp. 86–92. (In Russian).
11. Popov A.V., Kazaryan R.A. Sociological aspects of architectural formation of student youth housing, socialization of personality. Perspektivy nauki. 2018. No. 4 (103), pp. 46–52. (In Russian).
12. Rodionovskaya I.S., Popov A.V. Architectural optimization of the environment of long-term housing at universities. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Constructions]. 2014. No. 1–2, pp. 52–57. (In Russian).
13. Borovkova A.A. The main problems and trends in the formation of student housing space-planning solution of student dormitories of Polotsk State University. Vestnik Polockogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya F. Stroitel’stvo. Prikladnye nauki. 2016. No. 8, pp. 18–23. (In Russian).

The article summarizes the historical experience of landscape gardening in various settlements of the Kuban. The article covers a number of issues related to the preservation and restoration of cultural and historical objects, taking into account their functional, ecological, artistic and aesthetic features. The characteristic regional features of national parks in urban and rural settlements, which were defined in the time period of the XIX–XX centuries, are indicated. The article provides illustrative material that allows you to compare the original versions of historical objects of cultural heritage of the region. Of particular interest are individual objects with emotionally expressed details of the entrance group. Attention is focused on urban planning and architectural solutions that contribute to the creation of a composite ensemble of objects of landscape works that influence the territorial and spatial composition of a locality. Their unique value in the context of the formation of a favorable living environment is noted.

O.S. SUBBOTIN, Doctor Architecture, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin (13, Kalinina Street, Krasnodar, 350044, Russian Federation)

1. Ilinskaya N.A. Vosstanovleniye istoricheskikh obyektov landscape architecture [Restoration of historical objects of landscape architecture]. Leningrad: Stroyizdat. 1984. 151 p.
2. Subbotin O.S. History of the architecture of Orthodox churches of the Black Sea coast of Russia. Zhilishnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing construction]. 2013. No. 10, pp. 18–22. (In Russian).
3. Ekaterinodar–Krasnodar: dva veka goroda v datakh, sobytiyakh, vospominaniyakh: materialy k Letopisi [Ekaterinodar-Krasnodar: Two centuries of the city in dates, events, memories: ... materials to the Annals]. Krasnodar: Book publishing house. 1993. 800 p.
4. Subbotin O.S. Architectural heritage of Krasnodar not forgotten: lost and restored. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 1–2, pp. 18–25. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2021-1-2-18-25
5. Shcherbina F.A. Istoriya Kubanskogo Kazach’yego Voyska. Tom 2. Istoriya voyny kazakov s zakubanskimi gortsami. 1910–1913 [History of the Kuban Cossack Army. Vol. 2. History of the war of the Cossacks with the Transcuban highlanders. 1910–1913]. Ekaterinodar. 1913. 830 p.
6. Subbotin O.S. Problems of preservation of architectural and town-planning heritage in the conditions of a modern city (on the example of Krasnodar). Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 7, pp. 35–40. (In Russian).
7. Ivanov A.F., Sidorenko M.G. Portret starogo Yeyska. Yeysk v nachale XX v. [Portrait of old Yeisk. Yeisk at the beginning of the XX century]. Krasnodar: Ed. I. Platonov. 2013. 128 p. (In Russian).
8. Subbotin O.S. Architectural and planning heritage of Sochi. Zhilishnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing construction]. 2012. No. 5, pp. 18 – 22. (In Russian).
9. Istoriya Sochi v otkrytkakh i vospominaniyakh. CH. 1. Staryy Sochi. Zabytyye stranitsy. Konets XIX – nachalo XX v. [The history of Sochi in postcards and memoirs. Part 1. Old Sochi. Forgotten pages. Late 19th –early 20th century]. Corrected and supplemented. Compiled by T.N. Polukhina. Maikop: JSC Polygraphizdat Adygea. 2007. 136 p.
10. Gordon K.A. Staryy Sochi kontsa XIX – nachala XX vekov: Literaturno-khudozhestvennoye izdaniye [Old Sochi of the late XIX – early XX centuries: Literary and artistic publication]. Corrected and supplemented. Sochi: “Doria”, 2005. 164 p.
11. Sochi na rubezhe XIX – XX vekov. Pochtovaya otkrytka [Sochi at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries. Postcard]. Compiled by S.A. Artyukhov. Moscow: Interbook-business. 2014. 80 p.
12. Subbotin O.S. Features of the reconstruction of the historical buildings of the city center of Krasnodar. Zhilishnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing construction]. 2011. No. 4, pp. 7–9. (In Russian).

Geotechnical forecast is the most reliable way to assess the impact of new construction on the existing development. The article considers the development of a method of filling the soil in a ravine, which is safe for the surrounding nearby buildings, as well as the arrangement of a pile foundation for a multi-storey reinforced concrete residential complex. Proposals for the technology of filling the soil with a layer, the thickness of which reaches 10 m in some places, are developed with due regard for the stratification of the slopes of the ravine and the possible soaking of this soil mass. To assess the impact of the pile field arrangement, the following processes were modeled: driving pre-fabricated piles into the layers of bulk soil and into the bedrock, the arrangement of the “leader” well, driving a pre-fabricated reinforced concrete pile into the “leader” well, the arrangement of a bored pile, the influence of previously submerged piles on the stress distribution in the array during the construction of new piles, as well as the influence of technological interruptions during the production of works. In each calculation, the stress-strain state of the ground masses is modeled using the calculation complex. The system of physically nonlinear finite elements describes the work of the soil in accordance with the Coulomb-Mohr strength theory. The construction of a single model was carried out for each characteristic section of the ravine, taking into account the terrain, ground conditions and load. On the basis of the analysis of the results of the performed studies, a geotechnical forecast is made and recommendations are given for the safe arrangement of the bulk foundation and the construction of the pile foundation.

I.Т. MIRSAYAPOV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
I.V. KOROLEVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering (1, Zelenaya Street, Kazan, 420043, Russian Federation)

1. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i podzemnye sooruzheniya. Spravochnik geotekhnika [Bases, bases and underground constructions. Reference book geotechniks]. Pod red. Ilyichev V.A., Mangushev R.A. Moscow: ASV. 2014. 756 p.
2. Ilyichev V.A., Mangushev R.A., Nikiforova N.S. Experience in the development of the underground space of Russian megacities. Osnovaniya, fundamenty I mekhanika grontov. 2012. No. 2, pp. 17–20. (In Russian).
3. Li C., Xiu Z., Ji Y. et al. Analyzing the deformation of multilayered saturated sandy soils under large building foundation. KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 2019. No. 23, рр. 3764–3776. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-0187-y
4. Pakrashi S. Rehabilitation of a distressed single storied building founded on expansive soil: A Case Study. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. A. 2017. No. 98, рр. 571–580. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-017-0249-4
5. Chen Y., Zhang X. Analytical plastic solution around soil-digging holes for inclined building and its application. Int. J. Civ. Eng. 2019. No. 17, pp. 245–252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-017-0230-7
6. Cudny M, Partyka E. Influence of anisotropic stiffness in numerical analyses of tunneling and excavation problems in stiff soils. In: Lee W, Lee J-S, Kim H-K, Kim D-S (eds) Proceedings of the 19th international conference on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. ISSMGE. Seoul. 2017. Vol. 2, pp. 719–722.
7. Seo J., Kim Y., Goo J. et al. Nonlinear response of piled gravity base foundations subjected to combined loading. KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 2019. No. 23, pp. 2083–2095. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-1967-0
8. Mirsayapov I. T., Aysin N.N. Influence of a deep construction pit on a technical condition of surrounding buildings. New Materials, Structures, Technologies and Calculations – Proceedings of the International Conference on Geotechnics Fundamentals and Applications in Construction: New Materials, Structures, Technologies and Calculations, GFAC. St.-Petersburg. 2019. Vol. 1, pp. 197–201.
9. Verstov V.V., Gaido A.N. The choice of rational ways pile foundations for manufacturability criteria in different conditions of construction. Montazhnye I spetsial`nye raboty v stroitel`stve. 2013. No. 4, pp. 6–12. (In Russian).
10. Shcherba V.G., Lunyakov M.A. Reduce the impact of sediment building under construction on nearby structures in the device of pile foundations. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel`stvo. 2011. No. 1, pp. 57–59. (In Russian).
11. Mirsayapov I.Т., Koroleva I.V. Bearing capacity and deformation of the base of deep foundations’ ground bases. Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground: Proc. intern. symp. Seoul, Korea. 2014. Vol. 1, pp. 401–404.
12. Mirsayapov I.T., Koroleva I.V. Otsenka prochnosti i deformiruemosti glinistykh gruntov pri rezhimnom nagruzhenii s uchetom degradatsii struktury grunta. Izvestiya KGASU. 2014. No. 4 (30), pp. 205–213. (In Russian).
13. Mirsayapov I.T., Koroleva I.V. Prediction of deformations of foundation beds with a consideration of long-term nonlinear soil deformation. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. 2015. Vol. 52. Iss. 4, pp. 198–205.
14. Mirsayapov I.T., Koroleva I.V. Settlements assessment of high-rise building groundbase using transformed ground deformation diagram. In: IACMAG 2017 – Proceedings of the 15th International Conference of the International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics. Wuhan, China. 2017. Vol. 1, pp. 784–792.
15. Mirsayapov I.T., Nurieva D.M., Koroleva I.V. Investigation of the stability of slopes of the ravine Galeev in Kazan. Izvestiya KGASU. 2015. No. 2 (32), pp. 176–182. (In Russian).
16. Mirsayapov I.T., Nurieva D.M., Koroleva I.V. Assessment of the stability of the slopes of the ravine Galeev in Kazan. Vestnik grazhdaniskikh inzhenerov. 2016. No. 2 (55), pp. 87–93. (In Russian).
17. Mirsayapov I.T., Nurieva D.M., Koroleva I.V. Investigation of construction of a housing complex influence of in the ravine to change the technical condition of the existing building buildings. Izvestiya KGASU. 2016. No. 4 (38), pp. 262–269. (In Russian).
18. Gorodetskiy A.S., Evzerov I.D. Komp’yuternye modeli konstruktsiy [Computer models of structures]. Moscow: ASV. 2009. 360 p.

The radon presence in residential and office premises is a serious problem, because significant damage to the population collective health is achieved by extremely low concentrations of this radioactive gas. The radon concentration in indoor air is limited at the legislative level. The international organizations recommendations (IAEA, WHO, International Commission on Radiological Protection) establish acceptable doses of radon exposure, on its basis each country approves its own national control levels. Ensuring that the legally prescribed levels of indoor radon are not exceeded is possible only by limiting its entry from the main source. In the vast majority of cases, such a source is the soil under the building. Radon levels in the lower floor rooms are formed by 90% due to its entry from the soil base of the building. Soil gas containing radon in dangerous concentrations enters the premises through leaks in the underground shell of the building due to convection and through underground walling by means of diffusion. The value of radon concentration in the indoor air is determined by the radon flux density from the floor surface, which, in turn, depends on the mechanism of radon transport from the soil into the buildings. The article considers the regularities of the radon situation formation in the lower floor rooms in the entire range of soil permeability – the main factor determining the mechanism of radon transport into the building, and also establishes the boundaries of each transport mechanisms dominance.

А.V. КАLAYDO¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.I. RIMSHIN^1,2, Professor, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
M.N. SEMENOVA¹, Leading Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences Research Institute of Building Physics(21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (26, Yaroslavskoye Shosse, Moscow, 1293337, Russian Federation)

1. Reducing Radon in New Construction of 1 and 2 Family Dwellings and Townhouses (CCAH-2020). AARST Consortium on national radon standards. 33 p.
2. Darby S., Hill D., Doll R. Radon: A likely carcinogen at all exposures. Annals of Oncology. 2001. No. 12, рр. 1341–1351.
3. Regalis V.S. the Contribution of radon and human environment in the formation of radio-ecological situation in Moscow. Geofizicheskij vestnik. 2008. No. 6, pp. 14–16. (In Russian).
4. Polsky O.G., Varshavsky Yu.V., Verbov V.V. System of ensuring radiation safety of the population of the Moscow megapolis. Medicina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya. 2006. No. 2, pp. 4–11. (In Russian).
5. Radiation protection and safety of radiation sources: International basic safety standards. IAEA safety standards for the protection of people and the environment. Vienna, 2014. 471 p.
6. World Health Organization. WHO Guidelines on Indoor Radon: public Health perspectives. WHO. Geneva. 2009. 94 p.
7. Darby S., Deo H., Doll R. The Parallel analysis of individual and environmental data on domestic radon and lung cancer in the South West of England. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society). 2001. Vol. 164. Iss. 1, pp. 205–207. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-985X.00196
8. Beck T.R. Risk and radiation dose associated with household radon in Germany. Radiation protection dosimetry. 2017. Vol. 175 (4), pp. 466–472. DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw374
9. Radolich V., Miklavchich I., Stanich D. Identification and mapping of radon-affected areas in Croatia-preliminary results for Lika Seni and the southern part of the Karlovac counties. Radiation protection dosimetry. 2014. Vol. 162 (1–2), pp. 29–33. DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu212
10. MKRZ: Protection from radon-222 at home and at work. Publication of the International Commission on Radiological Protection 65. Pergamon, 1994. 89 p.
11. Radiation safety standards (NRB-99/2009): (Ionizing radiation, radiation safety SP 2.6.1.2523-09): registered on August 14, 2009. Registration number 14534. Moscow: Ministry of Justice of Russia, 2009. 225 p.
12. Yarmoshenko I.V., Onishchenko A.D., Zhukovsky M.V. Problems of optimizing radon protection and the introduction of a reference level in the Russian Federation. Radiacionnaya gigiena. 2014. Vol. 7. No. 4, pp. 67–71. (In Russian).
13. Wang F., Ward I.C. The development of a radon entry model for a house with a cellar. Building and Environment. 2000. Vol. 35, pp. 615–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1323(99)00052-9
14. Vasiliev A.V., Yarmoshenko I.V., Zhukovsky M.V. Low air exchange rate causes a high concentration of radon in the premises of energy-efficient buildings. Radiation protection dosimetry. 2015. Vol. 164–4, pp. 601–605. DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv319
15. Bakaeva N.V., Kalaido A.V. Analytical model for calculating radon-protective characteristics of underground enclosing structures. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018. No. 456, 012102. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/456/1/012102
16. Diallo T., Collignan B., Allard F. 2D semi-empirical models for predicting the ingress of soil gas pollutants into buildings. Building and Environment. 2015. No. 85, p. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.11.013
17. Gulabyants L.A. Manual on the design of anti-tornado protection of residential and public buildings. Moscow: NO “FAN-NAUKA”, 2013. 52 p.
18. Kojima H., Nagano K. Dependence of barometric pressure, wind speed and temperature on changes in radon exhalation. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Radon 2000. 2000. New Jersey III, pp. 6.1–6.11.
19. Andersen S.E. Numerical modeling of radon-222 penetration into homes: a brief description of methods and results. The Science of the Total Environment. 2001. Vol. 272, pp. 33–42. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00662-3
20. Jiranek M., Svoboda Z. Numerical modeling as a tool for optimizing the design of overlap systems. Building and Environment. 2007. No. 42, pp. 1994–2003.
21. Kuzina E., Cherkas A., Rimshin V. Technical aspects of the use of composite materials for strengthening structures. IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering. 2018. Vol. 365 (3). 032053 DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/365/3/032053
22. Larionov E.A., Rimshin V.I., Vasilkova N.T. Energy method for assessing the stability of compressed reinforced concrete elements. Stroitel’naya mekhanika inzhenernykh konstruktsiy i sooruzheniy. 2012. No. 2, pp. 77–81. (In Russian).
23. Rimshin V.I., Galubka A.I., Sinyutin A.V. An engineering method for calculating the reinforcement of reinforced concrete slabs with composite reinforcement. Nauchno-tekhnicheskii vestnik Povolzh’ya. 2014. No. 3, pp. 218–220. (In Russian).
24. Mosakov B.S., Kurbatov V.L., Rimshin V.I. Osnovy tekhnologicheskoj mekhaniki tyazhelyh betonov [Fundamentals of technological mechanics of heavy concrete]. Mineralnye Vody: Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, North Caucasus Phil., 2017. 209 p.
25. Varlamov A.A., Rimshin V.I., Tverskoy S.Yu. General theory of degradation. IOP Conference series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018. Vol. 463. Iss. 2. 022028.
26. Varlamov A.A., Rimshin V.I., Tverskoy S.Yu. Modulus of elasticity in the theory of degradation. IOP Conference series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018. Vol. 463. Iss. 2.022029.
27. Karpenko N.I., Yeryshev V.A., Rimshin V.I. Limiting values of the ratio of moments and deformations in strength calculations using specified diagrams of materials. IOP Conference series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018. Vol. 463. Iss. 3. 032024.

The processes of drinking water treatment are associated with the need to ensure strict compliance of its quality with modern requirements of sanitary and hygienic legislation. Thus, the choice of water treatment technologies in the implementation of modernization or new construction programs should be based on modern approaches that are the key to ensuring the proper quality of drinking water with sufficient provision of the water treatment process in the technological aspect. The requirements for the design of treatment facilities described in the current codes of practice should be updated to enable designers to assess the reliability of water treatment technology, taking into account the hidden risks associated with both technological factors and the likelihood of negative impacts on consumers, which ultimately determines the total cost of operating drinking water supply systems throughout the life cycle. The authors demonstrate the integration of the life cycle cost estimation of drinking water treatment technology and the relationship of this technology with probable risks.

G.A. SAMBURSKY^1,2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.I. BAZHENOV^1,3, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering);
D.B. FROG⁴, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)

¹ Russian Water Supply & Water Disposal Association (35, bldg.2, Mosfilmovskaya Street, Moscow, 119330 Russian Federation)
² MIREA-Russian Technological University, (78, Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow, 119454, Russian Federation)
³ CJSC “Water Supply and Water Disposal” (1, Polkovaya Street, Moscow, 127018, Russian Federation)
⁴ Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

1. Spravochnik perspektivnyh tekhnologij vodopodgotovki i ochistki vody s ispol’zovaniem tekhnologij, razrabotannyh organizaciyami oboronno-promyshlennogo kompleksa i uchetom ocenki riska zdorov’yu naseleniya [Handbook of promising technologies for water treatment and water purification using technologies developed by military-industrial organizations of the complex and taking into account the risk assessment to public health]. Moscow. https://minstroyrf.gov.ru/docs/18492/. Accessed 01.04.2021. (In Russian).
2. Plitman S.I., Tulakin A.V., Sambursky G.A., et al. Himiya. Okruzhayushchaya sreda. Zdorov’e [Chemistry. Environment. Health]. Ed. Academician N.F. Izmerova. Moscow: Publishing house of technical literature. 2016. 382 p.
3. Sambursky G.A., Grodzensky S.Yu. Approaches to risk assessment and the choice of water purification technologies to provide consumers with high-quality drinking water. Amazonia Investiga. 2020. Vol. 9 (25), pp. 33–43. Retrieved from https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/1024
4. Sambursky G.A., Nefedova E.D. Approaches to risk assessment and the choice of water treatment technologies for providing consumers with high-quality drinking water. Vodoochistka. Vodopodgotovka. Vodosnabzhenie. 2020. No. 2 (146), pp. 48–56. (In Russian).
5. Camilla West, Stephen Kenway, Maureen Hassall, Zhigo Yuan. Why do residential water recycling schemes fail? A comprehensive review of risk factors and their impact on the goals. Water Research. 2016. 102, pp. 271–281. www.elsevier.com/locate/watres.
6. Arjen Y. Hoekstra. Water footprint assessment: evolvement of a new research field. Water resources management. 2017. August 31:3061-3081. DOI 10.1007/s11269-017-1618-5
7. Boulay A-M., Bulle C., Deschenes L., Margni M. LCA characterization of freshwater use on human health and through compensation. In: Towards life cycle Sustainability management. SpringerLink. 2011b, pp. 193–204.
8. Bazhenov V.I., Pupyrev E.I., Sambursky G.A., Berezin S.E. Development of a methodology for calculating the cost of the life cycle of equipment, systems and structures for water supply and sanitation. Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika. 2018. No. 2, pp. 10–19. (In Russian).
9. UNEP-SETAC, Life Cycle Initiative (2017) Global Guide to Life Cycle Impact Assessment Indicators (Volume 1). Edited by Rolf Frischknecht and Olivier Jolier. Retrieved from http://www.lifecycleinitiative.org/applying-lca/lcia-cf/.
10. Spellman F.R. Handbook for the treatment of natural and waste water. Water supply and sewerage (St. Petersburg: 2014 TsOP Profession) 1312 p.
11. Pfister S., Boulay A-M., Berger M. et al. Understanding the LCA and ISO Water Footprint: a response to Hoekstra’s (2016) criticism of the suspended water footprint taking into account water scarcity in the LCA. 2017. Ecological Index 72: 352–359.
12. Sambursky G.A., Pestov S.A. Tekhnologicheskie i organizacionnye aspekty processov polucheniya vody pit’evogo kachestva [Technological and organizational aspects of the processes of obtaining drinking quality water]. Moscow: Izdatel’skie resheniya. 2017. 184 p.
13. Boulay A-M. et al. The WULCA consensus characterization model for water scarcity footprints: assessing impacts of water consumption based on available water remaining. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 2017. Vol. 23 (2), http://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-017-1333-8

The technical survey purpose in this article is assessing the building structures state. The main survey objectives are: archival design analysis, survey and as-built documentation, a general description of the terrace layout, building structures visual inspection (supporting steel frame structures (columns, beams, girders, ties, half-timbered structures, fasteners; welds); welded seams; sandwich-panels, stained-glass windows, their attachment points; terrace covering (in openings places), namely, load-bearing structures (corrugated board), vapor barrier layer, heat-insulating layer, roof (PVC membrane) and nodes of its abutment to existing facades) with identification and photographic recording of characteristic visible defects and damage (up to 10% of the total number of structures). Also, elements measurements of load-bearing structures and assemblies were carried out in the volume necessary for carrying out a technical survey, a visual sample survey of metal structures protective coatings, an assessment of building structures conformity, conditions determination necessary for the installation of an exploited roof on the northern terrace, determination technical condition of building structures in accordance with state standard 31937–2011, the generalized recommendations development, that is, a descriptive nature, for the identified defects elimination and damage to structures. In addition, within the framework of this work, selective visual and measuring control of welded joints in metal structures was carried out.

V.I. RIMSHIN¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
P.S. TRUNTOV¹, Undergraduate (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
E.S. KETSKO², Postgraduate student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
² Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

1. Anpilov S.M., Rimshin V.I., Eryshev V.A., Gainullin M.M., Murashkin V.G., Anpilov M.S., Sorochaykin A.N., Kitaykin A.N. Fasadnye sistemy [Facade systems]. Experimental design research. Collection of articles. Edited by V.P. Selyaev. Tolyatti: Institute of Forensic Construction and Technical Expertise, 2021, pp. 4–6.
2. Varlamov A.A., Rimshin V.I. Modeli povedeniya betona. Obshchaya teoriya degradatsii [Models of concrete behavior. General theory of degradation]. Moscow: INFRA-M. 2019. 436 p. DOI: 10.12737/monography_5c8a716e3c4460. 52838016
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4. Kuzina I.S. Methods of thermal imaging survey in the framework of work on the reconstruction of buildings and structures. Collection of reports of the Scientific and Technical Conference on the results of research works of students of the Institute of Engineering and Environmental Construction and Mechanization of the National Research University of Moscow State Technical University. 2020, pp. 128–131. (In Russian).
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The results of research are presented, the relevance of which is due to the formation of a foundation insulation system that increases the manufacturability of construction work due to the use of abandoned formwork and the possibility of carrying out work in the cold period due to the use of the thermos holding effect, as well as reducing costs during the operation of the building by reducing heat losses and protecting structural elements of the foundation from the impact of groundwater. The main element of the developed system is the plates made of extruded polystyrene foam (XPS-plates). The purpose of the research is to develop and implement the process of constructing strip foundations using the technology of fixed formwork made of XPS-plates and universal polymer screeds, as well as to test the possibility of winter concreting in the conditions of “thermos”. The thermotechnical calculation carried out for the medium temperature of minus 10^oC showed that in a little over 11 days, concrete hardening in the “thermos” conditions gains more than 70% of the design strength. This fact fully satisfies the conditions of concrete hardening in a non-removable formwork made of extruded polystyrene foam. Recommendations for the installation of a system of abandoned formwork are given based on the analysis of experience gained in construction conditions.

I.V. BESSONOV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.D. ZHUKOV^1,2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.N. SHILOV³, Technical Specialist (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.S. GOVRYAKOV^1,2, Technician, Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoye Highway, Moscow, 1293337, Russian Federatin)3 “PENOPLEX” LLC (Saperny Lane, 1A, Saint-Petersburg, 191014, Russian Federation)

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