When developing and building a rational furnace system based on a household oven, it is necessary to coordinate the characteristics of the chimney and the household furnace. To do this, it is necessary to calculate not only the gas dynamics of the entire system and optimize it, but also to build a detailed picture of the distribution of pressure plots, both on individual sections of the furnace, and for the entire furnace system, taking into account the pipe draft and upward pull of individual sections of the furnace. The driving force of the gases in the furnace is the pipe draft and the furnace upward pull. In any heated vertical channel in relation to the temperature of the outside air, there is a phenomenon that is traditionally called draft for the chimney and upward pull for the sections of the furnace. Thrust and upward pull – this discharge or head is expressed in units of pressure in Pa. The diagrams of the pressure in the pipe and the electrical equivalent circuit of the pipe replacement are given. The paper provides a theoretical justification for the temperature distribution in parallel downdraft and uptaking channels. Mathematical expressions are obtained that explain the principle of temperature equalization in the downdraft parallel channels. Electrical equivalent substitution schemes are given. The results obtained can be recommended when choosing a convective system of a household oven at low-rise construction.

V.V. SHEVIAKOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

1. Kozlov A.A. Istoriya pechnogo otopleniya v Rossii [History of furnace heating in Russia]. Moscow: ANKO; S-P: Eksklyuziv Stil’. 2017. 164 p.
2. Protopopov V.P. Pechnoe delo [Pechnoe delo]. Moscow-Leningrad: State Scientific and Technical Publishing House of the construction industry and Shipbuilding. 1934. 280 p.
3. Poltavtsev A.N. Pechi i kirpichnye kalorifery. Osnovy ustroistva, raschet, topka i ukhod [Furnaces and masonry heaters. Bases for design, calculation, furnace and care]. Moscow: Moszdravotdel. Stroit.-remontnoe otd. 1926. 55 p.
4. Shkolnik A.E. Pechnoe otoplenie maloetazhnykh zdanii [Furnace heating of low-rise buildings]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola. 1991. 161 p.
5. Esterkin R.I. Promyshlennye kotel’nye ustanovki [Industrial boiler installations]. Leningrad: Energoatomizdat. 1985.
6. Shchegolev M.M. Toplivo, topki i kotel’nye ustanovki [Fuel, furnaces and boiler installations]. Moscow: Gosstroyizdat. 1953. 546 p.
7. Ravich M.B. Uproshchennaya metodika teplotekhnicheskikh raschetov [Simplified method of heat engineering calculations]. Moscow: Nauka. 1966. 415 p.
8. Podgorodnikov I.S. Bytovye pechi. Dvukhkolpakovye [Household furnaces. Two-Kolpakovye]. Moscow: Kolos. 1992. 160 p.
9. Semenov L.A. Teploustoichivost’ i pechnoe otoplenie zhilykh i obshchestvennykh zdanii [Heat resistance and furnace heating of residential and public buildings]. Moscow: Mashstroyizdat. 1950. 264 p.
10. Semenov L.A. Teplootdacha otopitel’nykh pechei i raschet pechnogo otopleniya [Heat transfer of heating furnaces and calculation of furnace heating]. Moscow: Stroizdat Narkomstroya. 1943.
11. Sosnin Yu.P., Bukharkin E.N. Bytovye pechi, kaminy i vodonagrevateli [Household stoves, fireplaces and water heaters]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1985. 368 p.
12. Hoshev J.M. Drovyanye pechi. Protsessy i yavleniya [Wood stove. Processes and Phenomena]. Moscow: Kniga i biznes. 2015. 392 p.
13. Ryazankin A.I. Sekrety pechnogo masterstva [Secrets of furnace craftsmanship]. Moscow: Narodnoe tvorchestvo. 2004. 360 p.
14. Kolevatov V. M. Pechi i kaminy [Stoves and fireplaces]. Saint Petersburg: Diamant. 1996. 384 p.
15. Kovalevsky I.I. Pechnye raboty [Furnace works]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola. 1983. 208 p.
16. Shevyakov V.V. Investigation of the properties of a chimney for a household stove. The choice of tube options. Molodoi uchenyi. 2015. No. 17 (97), pp. 11–15. (In Russian).
17. Shevyakov V.V. Gas dynamics of a household furnace. Development of the calculation method. UNIVERSUM: Tekhnicheskie nauki. 2015. No. 11 (22). (In Russian). http://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/2771
18. Nagorsky D.V. Obshchaya metodika rascheta pechei [General method of calculating furnaces]. Moscow–Leningrad: AN SSSR. 1941. 317 p.
19. Idelchik I.E. Spravochnik po gidravlicheskim soprotivleniyam [Handbook of hydraulic resistance]. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1992.
20. Sviyazev I.I. Teoreticheskie osnovaniya pechnogo iskusstva v primenenii k ustroistvu raznykh nagrevatelei, k otopleniyu i ventilyatsii zdanii [Theoretical foundations of furnace art in application to the device of different heaters, to heating and ventilation of buildings]. Saint Petersburg: tipografiya V. Bezobrazova. 1867. 235 p.

The article shows the changes included in SP 327.132555800.2017 «Exterior walls with a front brick layer. Rules for the design, operation and repair». The changes are based on recent research. The changes relate to the design guidelines for the design of external multi-layer walls and their calculation methods. In the new version of SP, it is allowed to use the front layer of bricks with a thickness of 85 mm in two-layer walls. The reinforcement of masonry that works on tension under temperature and humidity influences is recommended to be performed with meshes of polymer composite materials along with ties between the layers of walls. Design instructions are given for the support of the front layer on steel brackets with adjustable console overhang and a number of others. Corrected the method of assigning the calculated temperatures of masonry, floor slabs for cold and warm periods of time, depending on the temperature of the outside air and solar radiation. A method is proposed for setting the maximum distances between vertical temperature joints, taking into account the strength of masonry reinforcement and the moment of formation of the first cracks using deformation diagrams.

М.K. ISHCHUK, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
O.K. GOGUA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
Kh.A. AIZYATULLIN, Master (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.A. CHEREMNYKH, Master (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Research Institute of Building Constructions named after V.A. Koucherenko (TSNIISK) JSC Research Center of Construction (6, 2-nd Institutskaya Street, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation)

1. Ishchuk М.K., Aizyatullin Kh.A., Gogua O.K. Research of ties from polymer composite meshes for three-layer masonry. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 9, pp. 37–43. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-784-9-37-43
2. Ishchuk M.K., Gogua O.K., Aizyatullin Kh.A., Cheremnykh V.A. Researches of double-layer masonry under shear layers. Vestnik NITs «Stroitel’stvo». 2020. No. 25, pp. 34–43. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494
3. Stepanova V.F., Buchkin A.V., Ishchuk М.К., Granovskii A.V. Composite polymer mesh for masonry. Promyshlennoye i grazhdanskoye stroitel’stvo. 2019. No. 11, pp. 15–19. (In Russian).
4. Ishchuk M.K. Otechestvennyi opyt vozvedeniya zdanii s naruzhnymi stenami iz oblegchennoi kladki [Domestic experience in the construction of buildings with external walls of lightweight masonry]. Moscow: Advertising publishing company Stroymaterialy. 2009. 390 p.
5. Ishchuk M.K., Shiray M.V. Strength and deformation of large-size ceramic masonry with filling of voids with heat insulation. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 5, pp. 93–95. (In Russian).
6. Ishchuk M.K., Gogua O.K., Alechin D.A. Fire resistance of non-bearing walls with face layer of brick masonry with flexible basalt-plastic ties // Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo. 2016. No. 11, pp. 35–37. (In Russian).
7. Ishchuk M.K., Gogua O.K., Alechin D.A. Experimental studies of the strength and deformation of basalt-plastic ties for pulling out of mortar joints of masonry before and after exposure to fire // Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2016. No. 12. pp. 49–52. (In Russian).
8. Granovskii A.V., Dzhamuev B.K., Khairnasov K.Z., Ishnazarov A.G. The effect of composite mesh on the strength of masonry under the action of loads that simulate temperature effects. Promyshlennoye i grazhdanskoye stroitel’stvo. 2020. No. 3, pp. 25–30. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.33622/0869-7019.2020.03.25-30
9. Orlovich R.B., Bespalov V.V., Derkach V.N. Compressed-bent masonry walls reinforced with composite materials. Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2018. No. 3, pp. 112–119. (In Russian). DOI: 10.18720/MCE.79.12
10. Zavalis R., Jonaitis B. Experimental investigation of pull out strength of flexible ties in thin brick veneer layer. Engineering Structures and Technologies. 2019. Vol. 11. Iss. 4, pp. 114–118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/est.2019.12055
11. Ishchuk M.K., Aizyatullin Kh.A., Cheremnykh V.A. Experimental studies of three-layer masonry walls under temperature effects. Vestnik NITs «Stroitel’stvo». 2020. No. 25, pp. 26–33. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2020-2(25)-26-33
12. Ishchuk M.K. Investigation of the stress-strain state of brick veneer of the exterior walls with flexible under temperature-humidity influences. Vestnik NITs «Stroitel’stvo». 2018. No. 3 (18), pp. 61–78. (In Russian).
13. Gusta S., Gruntmanis J., Strausa S., Steinerts A. Significancy of movement joints of masonry walls for buildings being in operation. 18th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Jelgava. 2019, pp. 1022–1029. DOI: 10.22616/ERDev2019.18.N215
14. Orlova N.S., Ulybin A.V., Fedotov S.D. Influence of temperature influences on brick wall cladding. In the collection: Survey of buildings and structures: problems and ways to solve them. Materials of the IX scientific and practical conference. 2018, pp. 160–184. (In Russian).
15. Orlova N.S., Ulybin A.V., Fedotov S.D. determination of temperature actions on brick casing of buildings’ facades. In the collection: Survey of buildings and structures: problems and ways to solve them. Materials of the IX scientific and practical conference. 2018, pp. 185–201. (In Russian).
16. Zimin S.S., Korsun V.I. Experimental studies of temperature deformations of the front layer of multilayered external walls during unilateral freezing. Loleita readings – 150. Modern methods of calculation of reinforced concrete and masonry structures limit States: a collection of papers of International scientific-practical conference dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the birth of Professor, author of methods of calculation of reinforced concrete constructions at the stage of destruction, the founder of the scientific school of theory of reinforced concrete, the founder and first head of the Department of reinforced concrete structures Moscow engineering and construction Institute (MISI) A.F. Loleita / Ed. by A.G. Tamrazyan. Moscow: MISI–MGSU. 2018, pp. 116–121. (In Russian).
17. Derkach V.N., Demchuk I.E., Orlovich R.B. Mechanism of damage to multi-layer. Stroitel’stvo unikal’nykh zdaniy i sooruzheniy. 2017. No. 3 (54), pp. 63–70. (In Russian). DOI: 10.18720/CUBS.54.5
18. Ishchuk M.K. Investigation of the stress-strain state of masonry of the front layer of external walls with flexible under temperature and humidity influences. Stroitel’naya mekhanika i raschet sooruzhenii. 2018. No. 1, pp. 72–76. (In Russian).
19. Ishchuk M.K. New in the design of exterior walls with a face layer of masonry. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 1–2, pp. 8–13. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-1-2-8-13
20. Ishchuk M.K. Accounting for joint work of brick masonry of the facing layer of external walls and floor slabs. Promyshlennoye i grazhdanskoye stroitel’stvo. 2018. No. 6, pp. 50–56. (In Russian).
21. Ishchuk M.K., Ishchuk V.L. Numerical studies of the strength and deformations of external walls with a face layer of masonry with flexible under temperature influences. Vestnik NITs «Stroitel’stvo». 2019. No. 2, pp. 60–73. (In Russian).