Industrial production of light concrete prefabricated house sets on granulated foam glass-ceramic, which will be implemented at the new plant of LLC “PREFABRIKA AG” in the SEZ “Kashira”, is a promising technological solution for the industry. The high-tech automated enterprise will start producing products at the end of 2022. The use of lightweight concrete makes it possible to use a single-layer wall structure and lightweight foundations, which reduces the cost and construction time. The material has high thermal insulation properties, while it does not support burning, which is especially important for the construction of housing and social infrastructure objects. Products made of lightweight concrete are environmentally safe, as they are made using natural materials. The universal construction system PREFABRIKA AG made of light concrete on granulated foam-glass-ceramic is designed for the construction of residential buildings of various storeys, houses of blocked development, single-family residential houses, social and cultural facilities.

A.A. GORNOV, General Director

“PREFABRIKA AG”, LLC (10, Sovetskiy Prospect, Kashira, 142902, Russian Federation)

1. Kalinina D.A., Serebrennikova S.A., Vakhrusheva S.E., Zhuravleva I.A., Timofeev A.S. Main trends of the construction market in the Russian Federation. Ekonomika i predprinimatel’stvo. 2020. No. 10 (123), pp. 868–872. (In Russian).
2. Semakina A.A., Shamanov V.A. State regulation of the construction industry. Sovremennye tekhnologii v stroitel’stve. Teoriya i praktika. 2020. Vol. 1, pp. 389–395. (In Russian).
3. Oborin M.S. Innovative and technological factors of construction development in complex macroeconomic conditions. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 6: Ekonomika. 2020. No. 6, pp. 176–192. (In Russian).
4. Kochurov B.I., Ivashkina I.V., Fomina N.V., Ermakova Yu.I. Features of urban development after the coronavirus pandemic. Ekologiya urbanizirovannykh territorii. 2020. No. 3, pp. 90–97. (In Russian).
5. Bochkov A.Yu. Modern trends in the development of individual housing construction in Russia. Ekonomika i predprinimatel’stvo. 2021. No. 1 (126), pp. 255–258. (In Russian).
6. Mityagin S.D. Urban planning and the pandemic. Vestnik. Zodchii. 21 vek. 2020. No. 1 (74), pp. 77–78. (In Russian).
7. Viktorov M.Yu., Volodin D.O. Modern problems of extended reproduction of residential real estate. Ekonomika i predprinimatel’stvo. 2020. No. 12 (125), pp. 1146–1148. (In Russian).
8. Kazin A.S. Industrial house building: yesterday, today, tomorrow. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 10, pp. 22–26. (In Russian).
9. Khmelkova E. Typical design: yesterday, today, tomorrow. Smetno-dogovornaya rabota v stroitel’stve. 2020. No. 9, pp. 15–18. (In Russian).
10. Tarasenko V.N., Solov’eva L.N. Problems of sound insulation in housing construction. Vestnik Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta im. V.G. Shukhova. 2013. No. 4, pp. 48–52. (In Russian).
11. Orlov A.D. Optimized one-stage technology of granulated foam glass based on low-temperature synthesis of glass phase. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2015. No. 1, pp. 24–26. (In Russian).
12. Orlov A.D., Nezhikov A.V. Foam glass ceramics as a filler of high-tech light concrete. Vestnik NITs “Stroitel’stvo”. 2017. No. 3 (14), pp. 163–171. (In Russian).
13. Erofeev V.T., Smirnov V.F., Rodin A.I., Kravchuk A.S., Ermakov A.A. Resistance of foam glass ceramics in water and microbiological media. BST: Byulleten’ stroitel’noi tekhniki. 2019. No. 5 (1017), pp. 21–23. (In Russian).

When constructing buildings and structures at the oil refining complex under the influence of aggressive environments, the use of high – strength impermeable concretes-high-functional (NSC) and powder-activated (RPC) - becomes particularly relevant as primary protection. At the same time, field tests on the oil fields of Iraq revealed a significant decrease in the strength of structures made of high-functional reinforced concrete by more than 50% at the age of seven years. Dispersed-reinforced powder-activated concretes are characterized by a microporous structure and a minimum number of defects, which makes it possible to open up broad prospects for improving the durability and efficiency of structures. The increased brittleness of RPC is compensated by the introduction of steel fiber into the composition. In this regard, products made of powder-activated steel-fiber concretes are now increasingly in demand. However, its wide application is limited by the lack of a full-fledged regulatory framework and insufficient knowledge of the properties of this material. This paper presents the results of experimental studies of the construction and technical properties of plates made of RPC (Reactive Powder Concrete) and NSC (Normal Solid Concret) under the condition of exposure them to organic aggressive media – kerosene and gas oil. At the same time, the thickness of the plate is a variable criterion that makes it possible to increase the competitiveness of building structures in the oil refining complex.

H.G.H. AL-SURRAYVI, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
M.A. GONCHAROVA, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.G. ZAEVA, Engineer

Lipetsk State Technical University (30, Moskovskaya Street, Lipetsk, 398055, Russian Federation)

1. Fedosov S.V., Bazanov. S.M. Sul’fatnaya korroziya betona [Sulfate corrosion of concrete]. Moscow: ASV. 2003. 192 p.
2. Erofeev V.T., Rodin A.D., Bogatov A.D. Physicomechanical properties and biostability of cements modified with sodium sulfate, sodium fluoride and polyhexamethylene guanidine stearate. Izvestiya Tul’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Tekhnicheskie nauki. 2013. No. 7–2, pp. 292–310. (In Russian).
3. Kalashnikov V.I., Volodin V.M., Moroz M.N. Super- and hyperplasticizers. Microsilica. New generation concretes with low specific consumption of cement per unit of strength. Molodoi uchenyi. 2014. No. 19 (78), pp. 207–210. (In Russian).
4. Rumyantseva V.E., Konovalova V.S., Vitalova N.M. Inhibition of corrosion of reinforced concrete structures. Stroitel’stvo i rekonstruktsiya. 2014. No. 4 (54), pp. 65–71. (In Russian).
5. Babkov V.V., Sokhibgareev R.R., Sokhibgareev Rom. R. The role of amorphous microsilica in the processes of structure formation and strengthening of concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Consrtuction Materials]. 2010. No. 6, pp. 44–46. (In Russian).
6. Ananiev S.V., Aksenov S. V., Erofeeva I. V., Kalashnikov V. I. The role of the dispersity and quality of quartz sand on the rheology and strength properties of suspension concrete. Materials of the XII International Scientific and Practical Conference “Science and Innovations. Construction and architecture”. Sofia. 2014. Vol. 10, pp. 40–44. (In Russian).
7. Maksimova I.N., Makridin N. I., Erofeev V. T., Skachkov Yu.P. Prochnost’ i parametry razrusheniya cementnykh kompozitov [Strength and fracture parameters of cement composites: monograph]. Saransk: Publishing house of the Mordovia University, 2015. 360 p.
8. Karpenko N.I., Karpenko S.N., Yarmakovsky V.N., Erofeev V.T. On modern methods of ensuring the durability of reinforced concrete structures. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2015. No. 1, pp. 93–102. (In Russian).
9. Morozov N.M., Khozin V.G., Krasinikova N.M. Structural features of high-strength sand concretes. BST. 2017. No. 2 (990), pp. 46–48. (In Russian).
10. Korotkikh D.N. Treshchinostojkost’ sovremennykh cementnykh betonov (problemy materialovedeniya i tekhnologii) [Crack resistance of modern cement concretes (problems of materials science and technology)]. Voronezh: VGASU. 2014. 141 p.
11. Kalashnikov V.I. What is the new generation of powder-activated concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Consrtuction Materials]. 2012. No. 10, pp. 70–71. (In Russian).
12. Kalashnikov V.I., Erofeev V.T ., Tarakanov O.V. Suspension-filled concrete mixtures for powder-activated concrete of a new generation. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel’stvo. 2016. No. 4, pp. 38–37. (In Russian).
13. Kalashnikov V.I., Erofeeva I.V. High-strength concrete of a new generation. Materials of the XII International scientific and practical conference “Science without borders”. Sheffield, 2016, pp. 82–84.
14. Puharenko Yu.V., Bazhenova Yu.M., Erofeeva. V.T. Zhelezobetonnye izdeliya i konstrukcii [Reinforced concrete products and structures]. Saint Petersburg: NPO «ProfessionaL». 2013. 1048 p.
15. Latypov V.M., Latypova T.V., Lucyk E.V., Fedorov P.A. Dolgovechnost’ betona i zhelezobetona v prirodnykh agressivnykh sredakh. [Durability of concrete and reinforced concrete in aggressive natural environments]. Ufa: RITs UGNTU. 2014. 288 p.
16. Goncharova M.A., Akchurin T.K., Kosta A.A. Investigation of the corrosion resistance of heat resistant slag concrete during long-term exposure in an aggressive sulfate environment. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. Seriya: Stroitel’stvo i arkhitektura. 2020. No. 1 (78), pp. 136–141.
17. Goncharova M.A., Korneev K.A., Dedyaev G.S. Improving construction engineering properties of soils stabilized by a cement binder with techno-genic products. Solid State Phenomena. 2020. Vol. 299 SSP, pp. 26–31. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.299.26
18. Goncharova M.A., Krokhotin V.V., Ivashkin A.N. The influence of fiber reinforcement on the properties of the selfcompacting concrete mix and concrete. Solid State Phenomena. 2020. Vol. 299 SSP, pp. 112–117. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.299.112
19. Al-Surraivi H.G.Kh., Goncharova M.A. Corrosion resistance of concrete in organic media. Modern problems of materials science. Collection of scientific papers of the II All-Russian (national) scientific-practical conference dedicated to the 65th anniversary of LSTU. Lipetsk. 2021, pp. 355–358. (In Russian).

In June 2019, the Federal Competence Center (FCC) and “Kazan DSK” LLC signed a cooperation agreement for the implementation of the National Project «Labor Productivity and Employment Support» of the Federal and Regional Projects «Targeted Support for Improving Labor Productivity at Enterprises». The project «Improving Labor Productivity in the Production of Reinforced Concrete Slabs on the Sommer Circulation Line» was adopted as a pilot project. The experience of the Federal Center of Competence in the field of labor productivity which helps enterprises to implement the principles of lean production within the framework of the National Project «Labor Productivity and Employment Support», has shown that on – site diagnostics can timely identify plant losses – the main ballast of the production process. The article shows the results of participation in the national project: leveling losses leads to a significant reduction in the production process time, makes it possible to reduce the production of defective products, increase the time of proper operation of equipment, free up production spaces, ensure product quality growth and, ultimately, significantly increase profits. Conclusions are also drawn about the necessity (or inevitability) of investing in employee training. The materials of the article may be useful for managers of reinforced concrete products plants to make decisions on methods (ways) to increase labor productivity.

N.M. KRASINIKOVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Chief Technologist, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.B. NEKRASOV, Director (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.I. MINNIXANOVA, HR-business-partner ((This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

"Kazan DSK" LLC (118, Adelya Kutuya Street, Kazan, 420087, Russian Federation)

1. Krasinikova N.M., Khozin V.G., Borovskikh I.V. Assessment of the state of reinforced concrete factories of “medium capacity” built in the Soviet period. BST. 2017. No. 10, pp. 25–28. (In Russian).
2. Shilkina A.T., Yaskin A.N. Sustainable consumption and lean production initiatives in the context of development strategies of the russian federation and national projects in various areas. Kachestvo. Innovatsii. Obrazovaniye. 2020. No. 6 (170), pp. 49-57. (In Russian).
3. Dolzhenkova Yu.V., Polevaya M.V., Kamneva E.V. The state and prospects of growth in labor productivity of workers in the framework of the national project “Labor productivity and employment support”. Ekonomika. Nalogi. Pravo. 2019. Vol. 12. No. 6, pp. 6–16. (In Russian).
4. Gorodetskaya P.I. National project “Labor productivity and employment support” as a tool to improve the efficiency of the use of labor resources. Mezhdunarodnyy nauchno-issledovatel’skiy zhurnal. 2020. No. 1–2 (91), pp. 6–11. (In Russian).
5. Savelyeva A.D., Nesterova Yu.D. National project “Labor productivity and employment support”, its impact on the number of employees of the enterprise. In the collection: Innovative personnel management. Materials of the XI International Interuniversity Personnel Forum named after AND A.Ya. Kibanova. 2020, pp. 131–134. (In Russian).
6. National project “Labor productivity and employment support” https://xn--b1aedfedwqbdfbnzkf0oe.xn--p1ai/ru/national-project/about_project/ (date of treatment 11/19/2020). (In Russian).

The first DSK has been operating in the Russian construction market since 1961, having rightfully won the title of one of the leaders in the construction industry. The factory production of the First DSK makes it possible to produce reinforced concrete structures for houses on individual projects using the industrial method of house construction. Combining modern approaches with the modernization of production facilities, the First DSK can bring to life any project conceived by an architect or designer. The buildings of the new generations resemble a constructor: the sections are assembled from different series. The average construction period of the building, taking into account the engineering equipment and finishing, is about 12 months.

N.G. TOROSYAN, Deputy Head, Precast Concrete Division of Design Directorate (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

“The First DSK” LLC (13, bldg. 1, Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 127974, Russian Federation)

1. Kurkin M.V., Efimenko R.S. Individual project of a prefabricated-monolithic house in Allplan: advantages of BIM for the designer and the concrete prefabrication factory. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2020. No. 3, pp. 36–41. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-3-36-41
2. Nikolaev S.V. Renovation of housing stock of the country on the basis of large-panel housing construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 3, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
3. Arkaev M.A., Hertz V.A., Syrodoeva L.V. Design of large- panel objects in the ALLPLAN software package. Materials of the all-Russian scientific and methodological conference “University complex as a regional center of education, science and c culture”. Orenburg state University. 2018. Pp. 28-32.
4. Kazus A.I. Experience in the use of BIM technologies when designing 12–14-storey double-section residential building in Kazan. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 5, pp. 56–61. (In Russian).
5. Flexibility of production of reinforced concrete products for large-panel industrial housing construction and connection of design with production. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Constructions]. 2020. No. 3, pp. 27–29. (In Russian).
6. Shapiro G.I., Zenin S.A., Sharipov R.Sh., Kudinov  O.V. Rationing in large-panel housing construction: the new set of rules on design of large-panel constructive systems. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2018. No. 2, pp. 10–15. (In Russian).

The implementation of the State Program “Providing Affordable and Comfortable Housing and Utilities for Citizens of the Russian Federation”, approved on 30.12.2017, requires the construction of 120 million m² of housing per year. In Russia, for 2020, the existing housing shortage is estimated at 1 billion m². The Unified Strategy for the development of the construction industry and housing and communal services until 2030 implies the construction of another 1 billion m² of housing. These tasks are feasible only with the participation of industrial housing construction plants. The article analyzes the current state of the industry of industrial housing construction, its ability to perform the task set, estimates the shortage of industrial capacities for the execution of the task; describes the set of parameters that a modern plant for industrial housing construction should have; analyzes the path taken by the People’s Republic of China in creating capacities for the production of equipment for the construction industry; describes the principle of “reasonable sufficiency” in the formation of a set of equipment for an industrial housing construction plant, proposes composition and quantity of equipment; and proposes a solution to eliminate the shortage of industrial capacity in the next 10 years, in the form of cooperation with European equipment manufacturers to create a “plant for the production of plants” on the territory of Russia

A.S. KAZIN, Engineer, Head of the Modernization Project of Factory Production of “First DSK» LLC (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

“First DSK» LLC (3, 3rd Khoroshevsky Proezd, Moscow, 123007, Russian Federation)

1. Shembakov V.A. Current industrial technology for manufacturing non-stressed and pre-stressed structures. Modernization of large-panel prefabrication plants. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2020. No. 3, pp. 30–35. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-3-30-35
2. Nikolaev S.V. Renovation of housing stock of the country on the basis of large-panel housing construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 3, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
3. Kozelkov M.M., Lugovoi A.V. Analysis of the basic regulatory legal documents in the field of designing and construction for recycling. Vestnik NIC “Stroitel’stvo”. 2017. No. 4 (15), pp. 134–145. (In Russian).
4. Kazin A.S. Industrial housing construction: yesterday, today, tomorrow. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 10, pp. 22–26. (In Russian).
5. Sokolov B.S., Zenin S.A. Analysis of the regulatory base for designing reinforced concrete structures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 3, pp. 4–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585430X-2019-768-3-4-10 (In Russian).
6. Shembakov V.A. Possibilities to use the russian technology of precast-monolithic frame for construction of qualitative affordable housing and roads in Russia. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Мaterials]. 2017. No. 3, pp. 9–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585430X-2017-746-3-9-15 (In Russian).
7. Nikolaev S.V. Innovative Replacement of Large-Panel Housing Construction by Panel-Monolithic Housing Construction (PMHC). Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 3, pp. 3–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-3-3-10 (In Russian).
8. Lekarev I.N., Sidorov A.G., Moshka I.N. Series of ABD Houses – 9000: introduction of BIM-Technologies at modern production. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Consrtruction Materials]. 2016. No. 3, pp. 22–24. (In Russian).
9. Manukhina O.A., Rybko V.S., Romanov N.R. Monolithic construction: problems and prospects. Ekonomika i predprinimatel’stvo. 2018. No. 4 (93). (In Russian).
10. Pilipenko V.M. Industrial housing construction in the Republic of Belarus at a new qualitative level. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 3, pp. 14–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/00444472-2019-3-14-19 (In Russian).
11. Shapiro G.I., Gasanov A.A. The numerical solution of a problem of stability of the panel building against the progressing collapse. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. 2016. Vol. 12. Iss. 2, рp. 158–166. (In Russian).
12. Fedorova N.V., Savin S.Yu. Ultimate state evaluating criteria of rc structural systems at loss of stability of bearing element. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018, 463, pp. 1–7.
13. Pavlenko D.V., Shmelev S.E., Kuznetsov D.V., Sapronov D.V., Fisenko S.S., Damrina N.V. Universal system of prefabricated housing construction RB-South – from the idea to implementation on the construction site. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 3, pp. 4–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585430X-2019-768-3-4-10 (In Russian).
14. Trishchenko I.V., Kastornykh L.I., Fominykh Yu.S., Gikalo M.A. Evaluation of effectiveness of investment project of reconstruction of large-panel housing construction enterprises. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 10, pp. 39–43. (In Russian).
15. Shembakov V.A. Innovative construction technology with high factory readiness from the Chuvash Republic. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2020. No. 10, pp. 29–35. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-10-29-35

In Russia, there is a steady trend of growth in the volume of housing construction due to low-rise housing construction. The population builds monolithic, frame-wooden, brick, block houses on individual projects with the help of specialized firms or on their own. At the same time, the country continues to operate house-building plants and factories of reinforced concrete structures, working with incomplete loading. The use of effective three-layer panels produced by home-building factories , and multi-hollow floor slabs produced by reinforced concrete structures plants, makes it possible to build not only more affordable housing, but also comfortable living-individual and low-rise houses with a house plot of land. The use of stepped panels of external walls, overhead facade cornices, modern technology in the manufacture of products and finishing materials makes it possible to completely eliminate the appearance of paneling of buildings. At the same time, the cost of housing in one-or two-story houses from factory-made housing sets is lower than the cost of the cheapest panel apartment housing by 15–20%. The construction time of such housing is reduced by 3–5 times compared to the construction of monolithic, frame-wooden and block houses.

S.V. NIKOLAEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Research Advisor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

AO «TSNIIEP zhilishcha – institute for complex design of residential and public buildings» (AO «TSNIIEP zhilishcha»)(9, bldg. 3, Dmitrovskoe Highway, Moscow, 127434, Russian Federation)

1. Nikolaev S.V., Shreiber A.K., Khayutin Yu.G. Innovative systems of frame and panel housing construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 5, pp. 3–5. (In Russian).
2. Shmelev S.E. Myths and truth about monolithic and precast housing construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 3, pp. 40–42. (In Russian).
3. Nikolaev S.V., Shreiber A.K., Etenko V.P. Panel and frame housing construction – a new stage of development of efficiency. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 2, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
4. Manukhina O.A., Rybko V.S., Romanov N.R. Monolithic construction: problems and prospects. Ekonomika i predprinimatel’stvo. 2018. No. 4 (93). (In Russian).
5. Nikolaev S.V. Panel and Frame buildings of new generation. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2013. No. 8, pp. 2–9. (In Russian).
6. Nikolaev S.V. Renovation of housing stock of the country on the basis of large-panel housing construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 3, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
7. Nikolaev S.V. Innovative replacement of large-panel housing construction by panel-monolithic housing construction (PMHC). Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 3, pp. 3–10. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-3-3-10
8. Davidyuk A.N., Nesvetaev G.V. Large-panel housing construction – an important provision for solving the housing problem In Russia. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 3, pp. 24–26. (In Russian).
9. Nikolaev S.V. Stepped facade created using overlay panels of external walls. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2020. No. 10, pp. 13–21. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-10-13-21
10. Lekarev I.N., Sidorov A.G., Moshka I.N. Series of ABD Houses – 9000: Introduction of BIM-Technologies at Modern Production. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Consrtruction Materials]. 2016. No. 3, pp. 22–24. (In Russian).
11. Shembakov V.A. Innovation technologies in housing construction mastered by GC “Rekon-SMK” during 20 years of work at markets of RF and CIS. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 3, pp. 36–43. (In Russian).
12. Korshunov A.N. Large-panel houses of the new generation. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 3, pp. 44–46. (In Russian).
13. Sokolov B.S., Zenin S.A. Analysis of the regulatory base for designing reinforced concrete structures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 3, pp. 4–12. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-768-3-4-10
14. Pavlenko D.V., Shmelev S.E., Kuznetsov D.V., Sapronov D.V., Fisenko S.S., Damrina N.V. Universal system of prefabricated housing construction RB-South – from the idea to implementation on the construction site. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 3, pp. 4–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-768-3-4-10 (In Russian).
15. Antipov D.N. Industrial housing construction in the 21st century. Aktual’nye voprosy ekonomicheskikh nauk. 2011. No. 23, pp. 110–113. (In Russian).
16. Kalabin A.V., Kukovyakin A.B. Mass housing estate: problems and prospects. Akademicheskii vestnik UralNIIproekt RAASN. 2017. No. 3 (34), pp. 55–60. (In Russian).

When designing and constructing a household oven, it is necessary to calculate the gas dynamics of the oven, taking into account the internal stack effect of the furnace, and to make real measurements on the pressure distribution in the furnace system, which will determine the zones in the oven that are most prone to creating smoke and determine the reliability reserves of the furnace. The construction of an electrical equivalent replacement scheme made it possible to simplify the calculation and make an overall picture of the pressure diagrams in the pipe and in the oven. The paper provides a concrete example of calculating the pressure distribution in a household oven and a comparison with practical measurements at the design points.

V.V. SHEVIAKOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

1. Esterkin R.I. Promyshlennye kotel’nye ustanovki [Industrial boiler installations]. Leningrad: Energoatomizdat. 1985.
2. Sheviakov V.V. Temperature distribution in parallel channels of a household oven at low-rise construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 1–2, pp. 11–17. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2021-1-2-11-17
3. Shevyakov V.V. Gas dynamics of a household furnace. Development of the calculation method. UNIVERSUM: Tekhnicheskie nauki. 2015. No. 11 (22). (In Russian). http://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/2771
4. Shkolnik A.E. Pechnoe otoplenie maloetazhnykh zdanii [Furnace heating of low-rise buildings]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola. 1991. 161 p.
5. Kozlov A.A. Istoriya pechnogo otopleniya v Rossii [History of furnace heating in Russia]. Moscow: ANKO; S-P: Eksklyuziv Stil’. 2017. 164 p.
6. Podgorodnikov I.S. Bytovye pechi. Dvukhkolpakovye [Household furnaces. Two-Kolpakovye]. Moscow: Kolos. 1992. 160 p.
7. Hoshev J.M. Drovyanye pechi. Protsessy i yavleniya [Wood stove. Processes and Phenomena]. Moscow: Kniga i biznes. 2015. 392 p.
8. Kovalevsky I.I. Pechnye raboty [Furnace works]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola. 1983. 208 p.
9. Ryazankin A.I. Sekrety pechnogo masterstva [Secrets of furnace craftsmanship]. Moscow: Narodnoe tvorchestvo. 2004. 360 p.
10. Kolevatov V. M. Pechi i kaminy [Stoves and fireplaces]. Saint Petersburg: Diamant. 1996. 384 p.
11. Shchegolev M.M. Toplivo, topki i kotel’nye ustanovki [Fuel, furnaces and boiler installations]. Moscow: Gosstroyizdat. 1953. 546 p.
12. Shevyakov V.V. Investigation of the properties of a chimney for a household stove. The choice of tube options. Molodoi uchenyi. 2015. No. 17 (97), pp. 11–15. (In Russian).
13. Sosnin Yu.P., Bukharkin E.N. Bytovye pechi, kaminy i vodonagrevateli [Household stoves, fireplaces and water heaters]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1985. 368 p.

Currently, research aimed at energy conservation is becoming increasingly important in the construction industry. A number of works of the authors investigate the use of glazing with low-emission coatings that promote energy saving in various climatic conditions of Russia. However, it is interesting to extend these studies to other geographical latitudes and warmer climates. In this paper, the calculation of heat gain and heat loss through glazing with low-emission coatings for Chinese cities is considered. A condition is presented under which the replacement of double-glazed windows with energy-saving ones does not lead to heat losses greater than the reduction in heat gain from solar radiation. At the same time, data on solar radiation entering the facades of the four main orientations in Chinese cities during the heating period and then passing through the glazing into the room were used, and transmission heat losses through the glazing were calculated. A comparison of heat gains and heat losses is made and it is shown that in the cities of China under consideration, heat gains exceed heat losses not only for the southern orientation, but also for other orientations, therefore, it is necessary to check the conditions for the expediency of replacement for all orientations. The calculation is carried out for the fulfillment of the presented condition of the four main orientations and it is shown that for some cities in China it is impractical to replace the glazing with energy-saving ones with sun protection functions for one of the orientations, and for other orientations it is expedient. In this regard, in Chinese cities, it is proposed to calculate for all possible orientations of the building facades, and then, if the joint condition is met, consider the replacement appropriate.

ZHIBO ZHOU^1,2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
E.V. KORKINA^3,4, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
CHENG SUN^1,2, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering);
М.D. TYULENEV⁴, postgraduate

¹ Harbin Institute of Technology (92, Xidazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China)
² Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (92, Xidazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China)
³ Research Institute of Building Physics. Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivny proezd, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
⁴ Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) (26, Yaroslavskoye shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Korkina E.V., Shmarov I.A., Tyulenev M.D. Effectiveness of energy-saving glazing in various climatic zones of Russia. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, Vol. 869 (7), 072010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/869/7/072010
2. Zhao Jinling, Li Jie, Lv Lianyi. The impact of regional differences on the building designs of the cold climate in China. Zhilishchnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 7, pp. 38–42. (In Russian).
3. Cheng Sun, Qianqian Liu and Yunsong Han. Many-Objective Optimization Design of a Public Building for Energy, Daylighting and Cost Performance Improvement. Appl. Sci. 2020. Vol. 10 (7), 2435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app10072435
4. Ying Zi , Cheng Sun, Yunsong Han. Sky type classification in Harbin during winter. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering. 2020. Vol. 19 (5), pp. 515–526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2020.1752217
5. Savin V.K., Rybkin V.K. Energy efficient design of the window unit with the ventilator. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 1–2, pp. 15–18. (In Russian).
6. Gagarin V.G., Akhmetov V.K., Zubarev K.P. Graphical method for determination of maximum wetting plane position in enclosing structures of buildings. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020. Vol. 753. 022046. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/753/2/022046
7. Zubarev K.P., Gagarin V.G. Determining the coefficient of mineral wool vapor permeability in vertical position. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2021. Vol. 1259, pp. 593–600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57453-6_56
8. Zemtsov V., Korkina, E., Zemtsov V. Relative brightness of facades in the L-shaped urban buildings. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020, Vol. 896, 012027. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/896/1/012027
9. Yunsong Han, Hong Yu, Cheng Sun. Simulation-Based Multiobjective Optimization of Timber-Glass Residential Buildings in Severe Cold Regions. Sustainability. 2017. Vol. 9 (12), 2353; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122353
10. Nguyen P.T.K., Solovyov A.K., Pham T.H.H., Dong K.H. Confirmed Method for Definition of Daylight Climate for Tropical Hanoi. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2020, Vol. 982. pp. 35–47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19756-8_4
11. Korkina E.V. Criterion of efficiency of glass units replacing in the buildingwith the purpose of energy saving. Zhilishchnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 6, pp. 6–9. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2018-6-6-9
12. Korkina E.V., Shmarov I.A. Comparative calculation of heat losses and heat losses during replacement of double-glazed windows in the building for the purpose of energy saving. BST: Byulleten’ stroitel’noi tekhniki. 2018. No. 6 (1006), pp. 52–53. (In Russian).
13. Solovev A.K., Sun Yifen. Influence of fenestration properties onto the energy consumption rate of an office building in the hot summer/cold winter climatic zone in china. Vestnik MGSU. 2012. No. 9. pp. 31–38. (In Russian).
14. Korkina E.V., Gorbarenko E.V., Pastushkov P.P., Tyulenev M.D. Investigation of the heating temperature of the facade surfacefrom solar radiation under various irradiation conditions. Zhilishchnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2020. No. 7. pp. 19–25. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-7-19-25
15. Korkina E.V., Voitovich E.V., Tyulenev M.D. Calculation of incoming direct solar radiation by daylight hours. Theoretical foundations of heat and gas supply and ventilation. Collection of reports of the VIII All-Russian Scientific and Technical Conference dedicated to the Centenary of NRU–MSUCE. Moscow. 2020. pp. 41–46. (In Russian).

The article presents a selective analysis of the theses of the masters of architecture about the architecture of the late 19th-20th centuries with epigraphs and quotations from the text, which certifies the foundations and historically stable directions of development of methodically modern creative aspirations to the significance and signedness of architectural forms and creative techniques of architectural shaping. The interrelation of the significance and signedness of the architectural forms of capital construction objects and urban development structures is revealed by the methods of: architectural approximation of comparisons of simplified images of architectural forms, an approximate sketch study of a complex of high-rise buildings with a significant high-tech reincarnation of the traditional iconic architectural forms, classification of functional types of premises, formalization of indicators of the significance of objects and buildings.

A.R. KRYUKOV, Candidate of Architecture (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

JSC “Center of the Regulation and Standardization Methodology in Construction” (JSC “CNS”) (63, Leningradsky Prospekt, Moscow, 125057, Russian Federation)

1. Kryukov A.R. Architectural imagery of forms and utility. Vysotnye zdaniya. 2019. No. 4, pp. 68–73. (In Russian).
2. Kryukov A.R. Architectural Detailing of Facades. System approach. Vysotnye zdaniya. 2009. No. 3, pp. 54–59. (In Russian).
3. Kryukov A.R. Appearance of Facades and Architectural Details of High-rise Buildings. Vysotnye zdaniya. 2009. No. 1, pp. 76–81. (In Russian).
4. Kryukov A.R. Architectural Approximation. Vysotnye zdaniya. 2010. No. 3, pp. 64–67. (In Russian).
5. Kryukov A.R. Full-service urban land improvement of business centers. Vysotnye zdaniya. 2016. No. 1, pp. 72–79. (In Russian).
6. Kryukov A.R. Guidelines on the interiors designing in skyscrapers. Vysotnye zdaniya. 2007. No. 6, pp. 64–69. (In Russian).
7. Ikonnikov A.V. Funktsiya, forma, obraz v arkhitekture [Function, form, image in architecture]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1986. 288 p.
8. Ikonnikov A.V. Khudozhestvennyi yazyk arkhitektury [The artistic language of architecture]. Moscow: Iskusstvo. 1985. 175 p.
9. Ikonnikov A.V. Mastera arkhitektury ob arkhitekture [Masters of Architecture about architecture]. Moscow: Iskusstvo. 1972. 590 p.
10. Kryukov A.R. Originality of the architectural and artistic appearance of high-rise buildings in Moscow. Vysotnye zdaniya. 2007. No. 2, pp. 74–77. (In Russian).
11. Kryukov A.R. Russian style in industrial architecture. Fantasy on a theme. Vysotnye zdaniya. 2009. No. 6, pp. 68–71. (In Russian).
12. Kryukov A.R. MIBC “Moscow-City”: architectural ensemble of a new type. Architecture, Construction, Design. 2004. No. 4, pp. 7–11. (In Russian).
13. Kryukov A.R. “Moscow-City” stages of formation. Vysotnye zdaniya. 2007. No. 1, pp. 56–61. (In Russian).
14. Ikonnikov A.V. Tysyacha let Russkoi arkhitektury. Razvitie traditsii [A thousand years of Russian architecture. Development of traditions]. Moscow: Iskusstvo. 1990. 384 p.
15. Vil’kovskii M.B. Sotsiologiya arkhitektury [Sociology of architecture]. Moscow: The “Russian Avangard” Foundation. 2010. 592 p.
16. Fedorov V.V., Koval’ I.M. Mifosimvolizm arkhitektury [Mythosymbolism of architecture]. Moscow: Librokom. 2009. 208 p.
17. Vaneyan S.S. Arkhitektura i ikonografiya. «Telo simvola» v zerkale klassicheskoi metodologii [Architecture and iconography. “The body of the symbol” in the mirror of classical methodology]. Moscow: Progress-Tradition. 2010. 1140 p.
18. Ikonnikov A.V. Arkhitektura Moskvy. ХХ vek [Architecture of Moscow. XX century]. Moscow: Moskovsky rabochy. 1984. 222 p.
19. Lebedev Yu.S. Inzhenerno-biologicheskie issledovaniya. V kn. Arkhitekturnaya bionika [Engineering and biological research]. In the book.: Architectural bionics. Ed. by Yu.S. Lebedev. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1990, pр. 36–42.
20. Kryukov A.R. The Utility of skyscrapers. Vysotnye zdaniya. 2007. No. 4, pp. 64–67. (In Russian).
21. Kryukov A.R. High-rise vertikal. Vysotnye zdaniya. 2008. No. 3, pp. 64–69. (In Russian).
22. Kryukov A.R. On the unity of the rules for establishing spatial-planning indicators of the capital construction objects. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 11, pp. 3–6. (In Russian).

Taking into account the sequence of operations of the technological process of trench and trenchless laying of fiber-optic cable into the ground, labor costs are calculated, and economic indicators for both technical solutions are compared. The beneficiaries of this offer can be construction and installation organizations for laying fiber-optic communication lines, general contractors and customers (technical customers). As a basis for the calculations, the state element estimate norms for the installation of equipment in St. Petersburg (GESNm-2001 St. Petersburg) were used with the use of correction factors for the cost of installation work brought to the price level as of January 2019. The materials used in both technological processes were not used in the calculations, and the work performed or not performed, which does not depend on the choice of the laying method, was excluded. It is accepted that in both cases the cable is laid in a protective polyethylene pipe. Advantages may include minimization of labor costs, economic benefits, reduction of construction time, reduction of the number of executive documentation issued, and minimization of downtime risks associated with the inspection of works.

L.M. KOLCHEDANTSEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
I.M. CHAKHKIEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
Ya. S. MOVSHOVICH, Bachelor (Graduate Student)

Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, Vtoraya Krasnoarmeiskaya Street, Saint Petersburg, 190005, Russian Federation)

1. Zubilevich A.L. Kolesnikov V.A. Laying of optical cables with the use of protective plastic tubes. Telekommunikatsii i transport. 2009. No. 1, pp. 150–152. (In Russian).
2. Lutchenko S.S., Bogachkov I.V., Kopytov E.Y. The technique of determination of fiber-optical lines availability and maintenance intervals. 2015 International Siberian Conference on Control and Communications (SIBCON). Omsk, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/SIBCON.2015.7147004
3. Ivanov O.G., Popov B.V. Popov V.B. Protection of optical cables in the protective plastic tub e from damage by rodents. Journal of Communication. 2010. No. 7, pp. 22–23.
4. Vorontsov A.S. Fiber-optic cable construction technologies. Foton-ekspress. 2005. No. 2, pp. 29–31. (In Russian).
5. Andreev V.A., Burdin V.A., Popov V.B. Analysis of capital expenditures for the construction of underground FOLS. Pervaya milya. 2014. No. 2, pp. 74–79. (In Russian).
6. Sidnev S.A., Zubilevich A.L., Kolesnikov O.V., Tsarenko V.A. Choosing the method of laying the optical cable, taking into account the lightning damage. Kabeli i provoda. 2015. No. 6, pp. 14–15. (In Russian).
7. Yushchenko N.I., Kuleshov S.M., Gusev A.A. Laying of optical cables in protective plastic pipes. Problems and solutions. Foton-ekspress. 2004. No. 7/8, pp. 39–40. (In Russian).
8. Sidnev S.A., Zubilevich A.L. Application of the economic criterion in the selection of single-mode optical fibers for FOLS. Vek kachestva. 2011. No. 1, pp. 60–61. (In Russian).
9. Ekimov A.N., Dognal P., Goidova S. Design and construction of FOLS using protective tubes. Foton-ekspress. 2007. No. 4, pp. 42–44. (In Russian).
10. Utetleu B., Khromoi B.P. Basic principles of the choice of measuring devices for the construction of fiber-optic communication lines. Telekommunikatsii i informatsionnye tekhnologii. 2018. No. 8, pp. 67–71. (In Russian).
11. Zubilevich A.L., Sidnev S.A., Tsarenko V.A. To the question of choosing a method for laying an underground optical cable. Nauka i tekhnika. 2016. № 6 (361), pp. 19–22. (In Russian).
12. Sklyarov O.K. Volokonno-opticheskie seti i sistemy svyazi [Fiber-optic networks and communication systems]. Saint-Petersburg/Moscow/Krasnodar: Lan’. 2018. 268 p.
13. Iorgachev D.V. Bondarenko O.V. Volokonno-opticheskie kabeli i linii svyazi [Fiber-optic cables and communication lines]. Moscow: Eko-Trendz. 2002. 276 p.

The construction of facilities in tight space conditions is a complex geotechnical task that requires a special approach related to ensuring trouble-free operation of buildings of the surrounding development. At the same time, measures such as technological maps or special schemes for the construction of buried structures, which would exclude damage to existing buildings and structures in the zone of geotechnical influence, should be developed. This approach is especially relevant for cultural heritage objects, for which possible deformations from the influence of new construction are contraindicated. It should be noted that the size of the geotechnical influence zone under dynamic loads from driving prismatic piles requires clarification. This article uses the example of the construction of a four-story public brick building next to a cultural heritage object of regional significance to make such an attempt.

N.S. SOKOLOV^1,2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Director (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ OOO NPF “FORST” (109a, Kalinina Street, Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic, 428000, Russian Federation)
² I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University (15, Moskovsky Prospect, Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic, 428015, Russian Federation)

1. Ильичев В.А., Мангушев Р.А., Никифорова Н.С. Опыт освоения подземного пространства российских мегаполисов // Основания, фундаменты и механика грунтов. 2012. № 2. С. 17–20.
1. Ilichev V.A., Mangushev R.A., Nikiforova N.S. Experience of development of russian megacities underground space. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov. 2012. No. 2, pp. 17–20. (In Russian).
2. Sokolov N.S. Regulated injection pile-electric discharge technology with multiple pile enlargements posed as an underground reinforced concrete structure with a controlled load capacity. 18 international multidisciplinary scientific GeoConference SGEM 2018 Albena Resort SPA Bulgaria. 2018, pp. 601–608.
3. Соколов Н.С. Алгоритм понижения полов подвала с использованием свай ЭРТ и грунтовых анкеров ЭРТ // Бетон и железобетон. 2020. № 2 (602). С. 39–47.
3. Sokolov N.S. The algorithm of lowering floors of the basement with the use of piles ERT and ground anchors ERT. Beton i Zhelezobeton [Concrete and Reinforced Concrete]. 2020. No. 2 (602), pp. 39–47.
4. Sokolov N.S. Use of the piles of effective type in geotechnical construction. Key Enginiring Materials. 2018, pp. 70–74. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.771.70
5. Nikiforova N.S., Vnukov D.A. Geotechnical cut-off diaphragms for built-up area protection in urban underground development. The pros, of the 7th Int. symp. «Geotechnical aspects of underground construction in soft ground», 16–18 May, 2011. tc28 IS Roma, AGI, 2011, No. 157NIK.
6. Nikiforova N.S., Vnukov D.A. The use of cut off of different types as a protection measure for existing buildings at the nearby underground pipelines installation. Proc. of Int. Geotech. Conf. dedicated to the Year of Russia in Kazakhstan. Almaty, Kazakhstan, 23–25 September 2004, pp. 338–342.
7. Petrukhin V.P., Shuljatjev O.A., Mozgacheva O.A. Effect of geotechnical work on settlement of surrounding buildings at underground construction. Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Prague, 2003.
8. Соколов Н.С. Один из подходов решения проблемы по увеличению несущей способности буровых свай // Строительные материалы. 2018. № 5. С. 44–47. https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-759-5-44-47
8. Sokolov N.S. One approach to solve the issue of increasing the bearing capacity of boring piles. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 5, pp. 44–47. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-759-5-44-47
9. Sokolov N.S. Ground Ancher Produced by elektric discharge technology, as reinforsed concrete structure. Key Enginiring Materials. 2018, pp. 76–81.
10. Ilichev V.A., Nikiforova N.S., Koreneva E.B. Computing the evaluation of deformations of the buildings located near deep foundation tranches. Proc. of the XVIth European conf. on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. Madrid, Spain, 24–27th September 2007. «Geotechnical Engineering in urban Environments». Vol. 2, pp. 581–585.
11. Sokolov N.S. One of geotechnological technologies for ensuring the stability of the boiler of the pit. Key Enginiring Materials. 2018, pp. 56–69. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.771.56
12. Улицкий В.М., Шашкин А.Г., Шашкин К.Г. Геотехническое сопровождение развития городов. СПб.: Геореконструкция, 2010. 551 с.
12. Ulickij V.M., Shashkin A.G., Shashkin K.G. Geotekhnicheskoe soprovozhdenie razvitiya gorodov [Geotechnical Support of Urban Development]. Saint Petersburg: Georeconstruction. 2010. 551 p.
13. Sokolov N.S. One of the geotechnical technologies to strengthen the foundation base in constraint environment in the addition of 4 floors. 18 international multidisciplinary scientific GeoConference SGEM 2018 Albena Resort SPA Bulgaria. 2018, pp. 513–522.
14. Sokolov N.S., Viktorova S.S. Method of aliging the turches of objects targe-sized foundations and increased loads on them. Key Enginiring Materials. 2018, pp. 1–11.
15. Соколов Н.С., Соколов А.Н., Соколов С.Н., Глушков В.Е., Глушков А.Е. Расчет буроинъекционных свай повышенной несущей способности // Жилищное строительство. 2017. № 11. С. 20–26.
15. Sokolov N.S., Sokolov A.N., Sokolov S.N., Glush-kov V.E., Glushkov A.E. Calculation of Increased Bearing Capacity Bored Piles. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 11, pp. 20–26. (In Russian).
16. Соколов Н.С. Фундамент повышенной несущей способности с использованием буроинъекционных свай ЭРТ с многоместными уширениями // Жилищное строительство. 2017. № 9. С. 25–29.
16. Sokolov N.S. The foundation of increased bearing capacity employing bored electric discharge (ЭРТ) piles with multi-seat broadening. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 9, pp. 25–29. (In Russian).
17. Соколов Н.С., Викторова С.С. Исследование и разработка разрядного устройства для изготовления буровой набивной сваи // Строительство: Новые технологии – новое оборудование. 2017. № 12. С. 38–43.
17. Sokolov N.S., Viktorova S.S. Research and development of a discharge device for manufacturing a bored pile. Stroitelstvo: noviye tekhnologiyi – novoye oborudovaniye. 2017. No. 12, pp. 38–43. (In Russian).
18. Nikolay Sokolov, Sergey Ezhov, Svetlana Ezhova. Preserving the natural landscape on the construction site for sustainable ecosystem. Journal of applied engineering science. Vol. 15. article 482, pp. 518–523. DOI: 10.5937/jaes15-14719.
19. Соколов Н.С. Электроимпульсная установка для изготовления буроинъекционных свай // Жилищное строительство. 2018. № 1–2. С. 62–66.
19. Sokolov N.S. Electric pulse installation for the manufacture of bored ppiles. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 1–2, pp. 62–66. (In Russian).
20. Triantafyllidis Th., Schafer R. Impact of diaphragm wall construction on the stress state in soft ground and serviceability of adjacent foundations. Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Madrid, Spain, 22–27 September 2007, pp. 683–688.
21. Соколов Н.С., Соколов А.Н., Соколов С.Н., Глушков В.Е., Глушков А.Е. Расчет буроинъекционных свай повышенной несущей способности // Жилищное строительство. 2017. № 11. С. 20–26.
21. Sokolov N.S., Sokolov A.N., Sokolov S.N., Glush-kov V.E., Glushkov A.E. Calculation of increased bearing capacity bored piles. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 11, pp. 20–26. (In Russian).
22. Соколов Н.С., Зимин С.Б. Cлучай из геотехнической практики усиления прислоненного склона // Жилищное строительство. 2021. № 3. С. 38–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2021-3-38-43
22. Sokolov N.S., Zimin S.B. An experience from the geotechnical practice of reinforcing a leaned slope. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 3, pp. 38–43. (In  Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2021-3-38-43
23. Соколов Н.С. Технология увеличения несущей способности основания // Строительные материалы. 2019. № 6. С. 67–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-771-6-67-71
23. Sokolov N.S. Technology of increasing a base bearing capacity. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 6, pp. 67–72. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-771-6-67-71
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Buildings of iron-stone design are an important stage in the development of the construction business. They are the first multi-storey buildings with the use of a metal frame and fire-resistant brick facing of columns. The modern history of skyscrapers begins with them. Currently, the features of their design solutions are pretty much forgotten, since iron-stone structures were soon replaced by reinforced concrete. The article provides brief historical data about the origin of this specific type of buildings in America, about the reasons that prompted architects and engineers to invent new designs. The article presents data on the results of the study of this American innovation by leading Russian civil engineers who were sent to the United States and left valuable descriptions of the design solution and construction technology based on the results of the trip. The article focuses on two classic examples of iron-brick buildings built in St. Petersburg in the first decade of the XX century, which indicate the high speed of the spread of progressive ideas in the field of construction around the world. This is the Singer House on Nevsky Prospekt, known to everyone as the “House of the Book” and the Belgian-Dutch Trading House “Esders and Scheifals” on the corner of Moika and Gorokhovaya St. The results of a modern survey of these buildings, introducing the features of the historical iron-stone structure, are presented, The American predecessors and contemporaries of these buildings, for the most part, have not reached our time, were dismantled and replaced with new very lapidary high-rise buildings. St. Petersburg analogues – bright representatives of the Art Nouveau style, despite the criticism of contemporaries, deservedly received the status of architectural monuments, and, consequently, a chance to remain as an example in the history of the development of the art of construction (of course, with proper operation).

D.A. LOBOVIKOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering),
A.G. SHASHKIN, Doctor of Sciences (Geology and Mineralogy) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.A. SHASHKIN, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

PI “Georeconstruction” (4, Izmailovsky prospect, Saint Petersburg, 190005, Russian Federation)

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