Based on the developments in Tekla Structures made by “AEB Technology” Co., it was possible to significantly reduce the volume of materials (concrete and steel), reduce the number of workers on the construction site, reducing the likelihood of attracting unskilled labor, reduce overhead costs and reduce the operating time of tower cranes, and, consequently, the rental fee for their use. What is behind these results is explained in more detail in the material below. The company «AEB Technology» is engaged in both direct design and development of software for au-tomation in the design, production and installation of the bearing frame of the building KUB-2.

V.G. SIZOV, General Director (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

OOO “AEB Technology” (1, bldg.1, Marshal Zhukov Prospect, Moscow, 123308, Russian Federation)

1. Dorfman A.E., Levontin L.N. Proektirovanie bezbalochnykh beskapitel’nykh perekrytii [Design of girderless capping floors]. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1975. 124 p.
2. Shcherbin S.A., Chigrinskaya L.S. Improving the reliability and seismic stability of the KUB-1 frigless frame system. Sovremennye tekhnologii i nauchno-tekhnicheskii progress. 2013. Vol. 1, pp. 38. (In Russian).
3. Dudnik A.Yu., Drozdov A.D. Technology and design schemes for precast-monolithic construction. All-Russian scientific conference “Organization of construction production”. Saint Petersburg, 2019, pp. 123–128.
4. Ovchinnikov S.R., Titov V.K. New construction technologies bezrigelny frames of residential buildings. VII international youth scientific conference “Youth and the XXI century-2017”. Kursk, February 21–22, 2017, pp. 269–276.
5. Zoteeva E.E. Prefabricated-monolithic systems of civil buildings: generalization of construction experience on the example of Yekaterinburg. Molodoi uchenyi. 2017. No. 32 (166), pp. 16. (In Russian).
6. Tsopa N.V. Organizational and technological features of precast-monolithic frame construction of commercial real estate objects. Mezhdunarodnyi nauchno-issledovatel’skii zhurnal. 2017. No. 2–3 (56), pp. 145–146. (In Russian).
7. Koyankin A.A. Frame precast-monolithic building and especially its work on various life cycle. Vestnik MGSU. 2015. No. 9, pp. 28–35. (In Russian).
8. Chigrinskaya L.S., Kiselev D.V., Shcherbin S.А. А Study of the work of a structural cell without a beam overlap of the KUB-1 system. Vestnik TGASU. 2012. No. 4 (37), pp. 128–143. (In Russian).

The use of BIM technology at the stage of production of products at the reinforced concrete prefabrication plant makes it possible to several times reduce the time for processing project documentation and reduce the number of errors in finished products, automate most of the production processes and significantly increase the quality of products. The use of specialized high-performance BIM solutions, such as Allplan for KJ, KJI, AR free cloud platform bimplus, Allcheck, makes it possible to make the use of BIM profitable, not expensive. The experience of using a software package that implements BIM technology – Allplan, including AR, KJ and Allplan Precast (Planbar) for the KJI section in the design of a residential building with built-in attached non-residential premises on the first floor is given. To date, this technology is the most advanced and most effective in panel housing construction.

M.V. KURKIN, Project Chief Engineer,
R.S. EFIMENKO, Chief Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

“RiCom Constructing” Engineering-Design Group (34/5, Salmyshskaya Street, Orenburg, 460047, Russian Federation)

1. Kalinichenko A.S. A Single-Family House is Built for 48 Hours and Designed During 1-2 Day. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 5, pp. 27–31. (In Ruaaian).
2. Arkaev M.A., Hertz V.A., Syrodoeva L.V. Design of large- panel objects in the ALLPLAN software package. Materials of the all-Russian scientific and methodological conference “University complex as a regional center of education, science and culture”. Orenburg state University. 2018. Pp. 28-32.
3. Kazus A.I. Experience in the Use of BIM Technologies When Designing 12–14-StoreyDouble-Section Residential Building in Kazan. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 5, pp. 56–61. (In Ruaaian).
4. Sokolov B.S., Zenin S.A. Analysis of the regulatory base for designing reinforced concrete structures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 3, pp. 4–12. (In Russian).
5. Nikolaev S.V. Renovation of housing stock of the country on the basis of large-panel housing construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 3, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
6. Shapiro G.I., Zenin S.A., Sharipov R.Sh., Kudinov O.V. Rationing in large-panel housing construction: the new set of rules on design of large-panel constructive systems. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2018. No. 2, pp. 10–15. (In Russian).

Flexible architectural solution for construction of housing, industrial and social objects can be a combination of the existing construction technologies: large-panel housing construction with the use of precast-monolithic frame with single-layer and three-layer floor slabs with a width of from 1 m to 4 m and a length of 7.65 m. The experience of GK “RECON-SMK” (SMK – precast-monolithic frame) in the development of energy-efficient industrial technology of precast-monolithic frame (SMK technology), which has commissioned over 100 universal technological lines with a capacity of 15 to 200 thousand m² of total area per year, as well as pallets for construction industry plants in fifty regions of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan, is presented. The creation of SMK technology is an example of the implementation of intersectoral cooperation of the construction materials and engineering industries based on Russian scientific developments and adapted modern foreign technologies. Specialists of GK “RECON-SMK” are constantly improving the Russian stand technology of precast-monolithic frame and its application in large-panel housing construction. The current data for determining the optimal capacity of the enterprise is provided. Supply of reinforced concrete products to other regions due to increased transport costs, which can be up to 90% of the cost of production, makes the production of building materials unprofitable.

V.A. SHEMBAKOV, Head of GK “REKON-SMK”, General Director of ZAO “Rekon”, RF Honored Builder, Head of the Author 's Team for the development and implementation of SMK technology (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

ZAO “Rekon” (20a Dorozhny Proezd, Cheboksary, 428003, Chuvash Republic, Russian Federation)

1. Kozelkov M.M., Lugovoi A.V. Analysis of the basic regulatory legal documents in the field of designing and construction for recycling. Vestnik NIC “Stroitel’stvo”. 2017. No. 4 (15), pp. 134–145. (In Russian).
2. Sokolov B.S., Zenin S.A. Analysis of the regulatory base for designing reinforced concrete structures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 3, pp. 4–12. (In Russian).
3. Nikolaev S.V. Renovation of housing stock of the country on the basis of large-panel housing construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 3, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
4. Shembakov V.A. Sborno-monolitnoe karkasnoe domostroenie [Combined and monolithic frame housing construction]. Cheboksary, 2013.
5. Shembakov V.A. Possibilities to use the russian technology of precast-monolithic frame for construction of qualitative affordable housing and roads in Russia. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Мaterials]. 2017. No. 3, pp. 9–15. (In Russian).
6. Nikolaev S.V. Innovative Replacement of Large-Panel Housing Construction by Panel-Monolithic Housing Construction (PMHC). Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 3, pp. 3–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-3-3-10 (In Russian).
7. Manukhina O.A., Rybko V.S., Romanov N.R. Monolithic construction: problems and prospects. Ekonomika i predprinimatel’stvo. 2018. No. 4 (93). (In Russian).
8. Lekarev I.N., Sidorov A.G., Moshka I.N. Series of ABD Houses – 9000: Introduction of BIM-Technologies at Modern Production. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Consrtruction Materials]. 2016. No. 3, pp. 22–24. (In Russian).
9. Pilipenko V.M. Industrial housing construction in the Republic of Belarus at a new qualitative level. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 3, pp. 14–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-3-14-19 (In Russian).
10. Shapiro G.I., Gasanov A.A. The numerical solution of a problem of stability of the panel building against the progressing collapse. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. 2016. Vol. 12. Iss. 2, рp. 158–166. (In Russian).
11. Shapiro G.I., Zenin S.A., Sharipov R.Sh., Kudinov O.V. Rationing in large-panel housing construction: the new set of rules on design of large-panel constructive systems. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2018. No. 2, pp. 10–15. (In Russian).
12. Fedorova N.V., Savin S.Yu. Ultimate State Evaluating Criteria of RC Structural Systems at Loss of Stability of Bearing Element. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018, 463, pp. 1–7. (In Russian).
13. Pavlenko D.V., Shmelev S.E., Kuznetsov D.V., Sapronov D.V., Fisenko S.S., Damrina N.V. Universal system of prefabricated housing construction RB-South – from the idea to implementation on the construction site. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 3, pp. 4–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-768-3-4-10 (In Russian).
14. Kalabin A.V., Kukovyakin A.B. Mass housing estate: problems and prospects. Akademicheskii vestnik UralNIIproekt RAASN. 2017. No. 3 (34), pp. 55–60. (In Russian).
15. Trishchenko I.V., Kastornykh L.I., Fominykh Yu.S., Gikalo M.A. Evaluation of effectiveness of investment project of reconstruction of large-panel housing construction enterprises. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 10, pp. 39–43. (In Russian).

The design block of large-panel housing construction and its connection with the factory production of prefabricated products is considered. A variant of manufacturing panel buildings in a wide pitch of cross bearing walls and a variant of changing this pitch in accordance with the required area of apartments is shown. Moreover, the pitch change is possible and not for modular standard sizes. Changing the area is structurally possible due to the new design of the overlap disk and the joint of the transverse and longitudinal wall panels. The proposed solution is linked to the state programs for emergency housing (renovation), the program «orphans» and it is shown how they can be performed in the version of panel industrial housing construction. The decision to change the standard layout of a one-room apartment in the direction of reducing its total area from 39 m² to 30 m² is given. The problem was solved due to two new design techniques of the project «Universal System of Large-Panel Housing Construction» (USLPHC): the pitch of the cross bearing walls was reduced from 7.2 m to 4.5 m; the joint of prefabricated slabs as part of a three-span continuous cross-section overlap was made on a support (longitudinal bearing wall). It is noted that a positive factor is also the absence of a ceiling seam in the room. The analysis of these two solutions in USLPHC in comparison with the known analogues of the same design system is presented.

A.N. KORSHUNOV, Chief of Scientific Research and Technological Laboratory (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.V. INDEYKIN, Deputy Chief Designer

JSC “Kazan Giproniiaviaprom” (1, Dementyev Street, Kazan. 420127, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation)

1. Tikhomirov B.I., Korshunov A.N. Innovative Universal System of Large-Panel House Building with a Narrow Spacing. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 5, pp. 32–40. (In Russian).
2. Tikhomirov B.I., Korshunov A.N. Improving the insolation conditions of residential buildings when building construction sites. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2013. No. 3, pp. 32–41. (In Russian).
3. Korshunov A.N. Combination of Narrow and Wide Pitches of Cross Bearing Walls in a Large Panel Block-Section. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 10, pp. 6–12. (In Russian).
4. Korshunov A.N. Design «Universal System of Large-Panel Housing Construction» for Construction in Moscow. Panel Houses Can Be Both Social and Elite Housing. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 5, pp. 11–15. (In Russian).
5. Korshunov A.N. Renovation program is an opportunity to improve the quality of housing for moscow residents. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 10, pp. 20–25. (In Russian).
6. Korshunov A.N. Large-panel houses of a new generation. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 3, pp. 44–46. (In Russian).

Russian housing construction is characterized by high material consumption , due to the predominant use of heavy concrete in load-bearing structures and, first of all, floor slabs, including in large-panel housing construction. When designing, more massive (material-intensive) foundations are laid, since the loads on the foundations are still high. In order to reduce material consumption in large-panel housing construction, as well as improve energy efficiency, it is advisable to use the available scientific developments in the industry and, first of all, the use of layered floor slabs and coatings. The article presents data on research and testing of three-layer slabs on heavy concrete of class B15, which showed high reserves of strength, stiffness and crack resistance. The complex use of light concrete structures in the construction of large-panel residential buildings, including the use of high-strength light concretes, in combination with heavy concrete, significantly expand the possibilities of large-panel housing construction. Attention should be paid to the direction of reducing material consumption in products of large- panel housing construction. So practice making slabs at the Bryansk plant of large-panel housing construction in a horizontal position (conveyor lines) due to the unstable quality of Portland cement led to the transition to a traditional concrete class B15 in place of calculated B12.5. Numerous tests of floor slabs made the decision relevant to recalculate the reinforcement (concentration and sparsity of reinforcement as factors for reducing the material consumption of reinforced concrete slabs of residential buildings supported along the contour), which made it possible to save up to 10–12 % of reinforcement steel due to the rational placement of reinforcement.

E.F. FILATOV, Head of Building Laboratory (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.V. IVANKOV, Engineer-Builder-Technologist

SZ “Bryansk Stroitel’ny Trest”, OOO (1, bldg.11, Bezhitskaya Street, Bryansk, 214100, Russian Federation)

1. Vasilkov B.S., Makarov G.N. Study of floor slabs on pile foundations. Beton i gelezobeton. 1990. No. 11, pp. 23–24. (In Russian).
2. Gorbunov V.A., Sebekina V.I., Titaev V.A. Calculation of ceiling panels of the ground floor. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 1992. No. 11, pp. 24–27. (In Russian).
3. Granik Yu.G. Stroitel’stvo vysotnykh zdanii [Construction of high-rise buildings]. Moscow: OAO «TsNIIEP zhilykh i obshchestvennykh zdanii», 2010. 480 p.
4. Zholdybaev S.S., Pavlyuchenko V.S. Flat slab a three-layer coating. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 1992. No. 5, pp. 19–20. (In Russian).
5. Zholdybaev Sh.S., Zyryanov V.S. Three-layer slabs with low-strength middle layer. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 1993. No. 6, pp. 21–22. (In Russian).
6. Zyryanov V.S., Shabanov G.P. Complex slabs. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 1989. No. 5, pp. 13–15. (In Russian).
7. Zyryanov V.S., Shabynin A.I. Durability and crack resistance of plates, discretely the opertykh on ogolovka of piles. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 1995. No. 3, pp. 30–32. (In Russian).
8. Nikolaev V.N., Stepanova V.F. New level of panel housing construction: composite diagonal flexible connections and mounting loops for three-layer concrete panels. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 10, pp. 14–20. (In Russian).
9. Nikolaev S.V., Shreiber A.K., Etenko V.P. Panel and frame housing construction – a new stage of development of efficiency. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 2, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
10. Rekomendatsii po raschetu i konstruirovaniyu sploshnykh plit perekrytii krupnopanel’nykh zdanii [Recommendations for the calculation and design of solid slabs of large-panel buildings]. Moscow: TSNIIEP zhilischa, 1989. 96 p.
11. Rekomendatsii po raschetu i konstruirovaniyu sbornykh sploshnykh plit perekrytii zhilykh i obshchestvennykh zdanii [Recommendations for the calculation and design of prefabricated solid floor slabs for residential and public buildings]. Moscow: TSNIIEP zhilischa, 2005. 92 p.
12. Strongin N.S., Baulin D.K. Legkobetonnye konstruktsii krupnopanel’nykh zhilykh domov [Light Concrete structures of large-panel residential buildings]. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1984. 185 p.
13. Filatov E.F. Reducing the material intensity of products of large-panel housing construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 10, pp. 30–33. (In Russian).
14. Shabynin A.I., Zyryanov V.S. To the calculation of beams-walls, based discretely on the heads of piles. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 1995. No. 6, pp. 17–19. (In Russian).
15. Yumasheva E.I., Sapacheva L.V. House-building industry and social order of time. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction materials], 2014. No. 10, pp. 3–11. (In Russian).
16. Yarmakovskii V.N. Energy-resources-saving under manufacturing at the elements of structural-technological building systems, their rising and exploitation. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials], 2013. No. 6, pp. 4–6. (In Russian).

The planned return to the block residential development in the Russian urban planning requires the development of a new methodological approach to the creation of studios and apartments that correspond to the specified apartment design. The article proposes a method for using the theory of large numbers when selecting parameters of dwelling units from the position of averaging indicators. On a concrete example, the problem of finding the area of a dwelling unit that makes it possible more than 90–95% to get the correspondence of a given apartment layout with a single step and depth of rooms for buildings with a «smooth» facade is solved. To reach 100% compliance with the apartment layouts is possible by using remote elements in the form of balconies, loggias, bay windows. An additional means of meeting the requirements of apartment layouts is the variation of remote areas-balconies, bay windows, warm loggias. The article also proposes at block development to distinguish the functional purpose of streets running in the Meridian and latitudinal direction, dividing them into main (commercial) and quiet (residential) streets.

S.V. NIKOLAEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Research Advisor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

AO «TSNIIEP zhilishcha» – institute for complex design of residential and public buildings» (AO «TSNIIEP zhilishcha») (9, bldg. 3, Dmitrovskoe Highway, Moscow, 127434, Russian Federation)

1. Nikolaev S.V. Panel and Frame Buildings of New Generation. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2013. No. 8, pp. 2–9. (In Russian).
2. Nikolaev S.V. Renovation of housing stock of the country on the basis of large-panel housing construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 3, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
3. Nikolaev S.V. Arrangement of balconies with the help of hollow core floor slabs. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 10, pp. 17–21. (In Russian).
4. Eurasian patent 024715. Pustotnaya plita s mezhpustotnymi usilitelyami [Void plate with intervoid amplifiers]. Nikolaev S.V. Declared 27.05.2013.
Published 31.10.2016. Bulletin No. 10. (In Russian). 5. Nikolaev S. V. Innovative Replacement of Large-Panel Housing Construction by Panel-Monolithic Housing Construction (PMHC). Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 3, pp. 3–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-3-3-10 (In Russian).
6. Kazin A.S. Industrial housing construction: yesterday, today, tomorrow. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 10, pp. 22–26. (In Russian).
7. Aloyan R.M., Podzhivotov V.P., Stavrova M.V. Organization of reconstruction of housing, taking into account the factor of comfort of residence. Investitsii v Rossii. 2011. No. 3, pp. 32–38. (In Russian).
8. Yumasheva E.I., Sapacheva L.V. The house-building industry and the social order of time. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 10, pp. 3–10. (In Russian).
9. Usmanov Sh.I. Formation of economic strategy of development of industrial housing construction in Russia. Politika, gosudarstvo i pravo. 2015. No. 1 (37), pp. 76–79. (In Russian).
10. Kievskiy L.V. A mathematical model of renovation. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 1–2, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
11. Kievskiy I.L., Kievskiy L.V. Strategy of urban development of Moscow. Integration, partnership and innovation in building science and education. Material of the International Scientific Conference. Moscow. 2017, pp. 72–75. (In Russian).
12. Davidyuk A.N., Nesvetaev G.V. Large-panel housing construction – an important provision for solving the housing problem In Russia. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 3, pp. 24–26. (In Russian).
13. Kievskiy I.L., Grishutin I.B., Kievskiy L.V. Decentralized rearrangement of city blocks (concept design stage). Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 1–2, pp. 23–28. (In Russian).
14. Tikhomirov S.A., Kievskiy L.V., Kuleshova E.I., Sergeev A.S. Modeling of town-planning process. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2015. No. 9, pp. 51–55. (In Russian).
15. Kievskiy L.V., Horkina G.А. Realization of priorities of urban policy for the balanced development of Moscow. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2013. No. 8, pp. 54–57. (In Russian).

According to a number of regulatory documents of the Russian Federation of construction content, more than half of the vast territory of Russia may be exposed to the effects of natural hazards, so the main goal of the Russian construction system in these territories should be the protection of settlements in the event of possible natural hazards. The construction system of Russia must take into account the conclusion of scientists that the place, time and intensity of the next dangerous natural phenomenon cannot be predicted today. To protect settlements against dangerous natural influences, the construction system of Russia is obliged to recognize them as objects of capital construction. But the modern paradigm of the Russian building system does not recognize settlements as objects of capi-tal construction. That is why the federal laws and regulations of the Russian Federation of construction content provide for the calculation of the most mass residential and public buildings only for the most minimal dangerous environmental impacts. Moreover, even to the catastrophic flooding of many settlements that have recurred in recent years in Russia, there is no professional reaction of the government of the Russian Federation in the form, for example, of a conclusion on the main engineering causes of their flooding and specific measures to eliminate them. The article substantiates the author’s paradigm for the construction system of Russia, the main purpose of which is to recognize the settlements of Russia as the largest objects of capital construction with their calculation on the impact of the maximum dangerous natural phenomena.

A.V. MASLYAEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Seismic Research Laboratory (27, bldg. A, rm 51, Zemlyachki Street, Volgograd, 400117, Russian Federation)

1. Aptikaev F.F., Maslyaev A.V. Protection of life and health of people is not recognized as the main goal in the construction of buildings in Russia. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 11, pp. 58–64. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-11-58-64
2. Maslyaev A.V. Russian settlements are not protected against the impact of natural hazards. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 5, pp. 36–42. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-5-36-42
3. Maslyaev A.V. Calculation of buildings and structures to preserve the life and health of people during an earthquake. Zhilishnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing Construction]. 2009. No. 8, pp. 33–35. (In Russian).
4. Godzikovskaya A.A., Sergeeva N.A., Zabarinskaya L.P. Regional catalogs of earthquakes in Russia. Seismicheskie pribory. 2009. Vol. 45. No. 2, pp. 58–76. (In Russian).
5. Erteleva O.O., Aptikaev F.F. Creation of a bank of regional synthetic accelerograms. Voprosy inzhenernoi seismologii. 2016. Vol. 43. No. 2, pp. 36–42. (In Russian).
6. Sidorin A.Ya. 1988 Spitak earthquake and some prob-lems of engineering seismology. Voprosy inzhenernoi seismologii. 2018. Vol. 45. No. 4, pp. 106–118. (In Russian).
7. Maslyaev A.V. Substantiation of the matrix model of execution in RF Federal laws and normative documents of construction content. Zhilishnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 11, pp. 41–47. (In Russian).
8. Maslyaev V.N., Maslyaev A.V. Influence of the spaceplanning decisions of the building on the reaction of people during an earthquake. Zhilishnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing Construction]. 1991. No. 7, pp. 9–10. (In Russian).
9. Maslyaev A.V. Short life of residential buildings in settlements of Russia. Zhilishnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 8. pp. 3–42. (In Russian).
10. Maslyaev A.V. Dependence of the city’s earthquake protection on the level of responsibility of residential buildings». Prirodnye i tekhnogennye riski. Bezopasnost’ sooruzhenii. 2013. No. 5, pp. 29–32. (In Russian).
11. Maslyaev A.V. Seismoprotection of the city at an earthquake depending on a level of responsibility of residential buildings. Vestnik VolgGASU. Stroitelstvo i Architectura. 2013. No. 33 (52), pp. 57–62. (In Russian).
12. Maslyaev A.V. Construction system of Russia does not protect the lifes and health of people in settlements during the earthquake. Zhilishnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 9, pp. 60–63. (In Russian).
13. Maslyaev A.V. About absence in Federal regulatory documents of requirements of the Federal law No. 384-FZ of protection of life and health of citizens in buildings at earthquakes. Prirodnye i tekhnogennye riski. Bezopasnost’ sooruzhenii. 2014. No. 3, pp. 32–34. (In Russian).
14. Ulomov V.I., Shumilina L.S. The Complete set of cards of the general seismic division into districts of territory of Russian Federation OSR-97. Scale 1: 8,000,000. An explanatory note and the list of cities and the settlements located in seismodangerous areas. Moscow: Ministry of a science and technologies of the Russian Federation. RAN. Incorporated institute of physics of the Earth of O.Yu. Schmidt. 1999.
15. Maslyaev A.V. Time between the first pushes of an earthquake to Haiti was determined in advance. Zhilishnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing Construction]. 2010. No. 2. pp. 26–27. (In Russian).
16. Maslyaev A.V. On the need to introduce the requirements of the Federal law of the Russian Federation No. 384-FZ on the protection of life and health of people in buildings during an earthquake into Federal normative documents. Vestnik VolgGASU. Stroitelstvo i Architectura. 2014. No. 37 (56), pp. 57–62. (In Russian).
17. Maslyaev A.V. Paradigm of Federal laws and regulations of the Russian Federation for seismic protection of buildings with increased responsibility in the event of an earthquake. Vestnik VolgGASU. Stroitelstvo i Architectura. 2015. No. 41 (60), pp. 74–84. (In Russian).
18. Maslyaev V.N. Substantiation of protection of life and health of the Russian population in earthquake zones in Federal laws and regulations of the Russian Federation. Vestnik VolgGASU. Stroitelstvo i Architectura. 2015. No. 39 (58), pp. 94–100. (In Russian).
19. Maslyaev A.V. Seismic danger in territory of the Volgograd region is understated by standard cards OSR-97 the Russian Federation at the expense of simplification of tectonic conditions. Seismostoikoe stroitel’stvo. Bezopasnost sooruzhenii. 2011. No. 6, pp. 46–49. (In Russian).
20. Maslyaev A.V. Seismozashchita zdanii v naselennykh punktakh dlya sokhraneniya zhizni i zdorov’ya lyu-dei pri zemletryasenii [Seismic protection of buildings in populated areas to preserve the life and health of people in case of an earthquake]. Volgograd: VolgGTU, 2018. 149 p.
21. Hain V.E., Lomize M.G. Geotectonica s osnovami geodynamiki [Geotectonica with geodynamics bases]. Moscow: MGU. 1995. 480 p.

The performance level of a building is a measure of its success and failure throughout its life cycle. That leads the study to investigate key performance indicators (KPIs) to be measured, evaluated, and improved, especially during the operational phase. Consequently, the research adopts BIM technology and Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) to model and represent an actual building in a virtual model for conducting the studies and alternatives to save time, effort, and cost, also to increase confidence in the expected results. Moreover, the example of a building used IVR and examples used BIM were analyzed to demonstrate that KPIs need to integrate BIM platforms with IVR technology. Therefore, increasing the efficiency of dealing with all indicators to measure and evaluate the responses and interactions of occupants with alternatives and solutions of this virtual model to develop and improve KPIs. Eventually, deducing and formulating a framework for dynamic interaction between a building and its occupants by integrating BIM and IVR to deal with KPIs.

A.B. MOHAMMED, Lecturer, Assistant Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Fayoum University (http://www.fayoum.edu.eg/english/)

1. Lavy S., Garcia J.A., Dixit M.K. Establishment of KPIs for facility performance measurement: Review of literature. Facilities. 2010. Vol. 28, pp. 440–464. doi: 10.1108/02632771011057189
2. Kylili A., Fokaides P.A., Jimenez P.A. Lopez. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) approach in buildings renovation for the sustainability of the built environment: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2016. 56, pp. 906–915. Doi:  10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.096
3. Hooper P., Knuiman M., Foster S., Giles-Corti B. The building blocks of a “Liveable Neighbourhood”: Identifying the key performance indicators for walking of an operational planning policy in Perth, Western Australia. Health Place. 2015. Vol. 36, pp. 173–183. Doi:  10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.10.005
4. Grey F., Fruchter R. Modelling the Dynamic interaction between building performance and occupant well-being. Conference: ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering. 2017. Vol. 3, pp. 326–334. doi: 10.1061/9780784407943
5. Gheisari M., Goodman S., Schmidt J., Williams G., Irizarry J. Exploring BIM and mobile augmented reality use in facilities management. Conference: Construction Research Congress. 2014, pp. 1941–1950. Doi:  10.1061/9780784413517.198
6. Li Y., O’Donnell J., García-Castro R., Vega-Sánchez S. Identifying stakeholders and key performance indicators for district and building energy performance analysis. Energy and Buildings. 2017. Vol. 155, pp. 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.09.003
7. González-Gil A., Palacin R., Batty P. Optimal energy management of urban rail systems: Key performance indicators. Energy Conversion and Management. 2015. Vol. 90, pp. 282–291. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.11.035
8. Lavy S. A Literature review on measuring building performance by using key performance indicators. Architectural Engineering Conference (AEI). 2011, pp. 369–377. https://doi.org/10.1061/41168(399)48.
9. Aziz N.D., Nawawi A.H., Ariff N.R.M. Building information modelling (BIM) in facilities management: opportunities to be considered by facility managers. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2016. Vol. 234, pp. 353–362. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.252.
10. AL Waer H., Clements-Croome D.J. Key performance indicators (KPIs) and priority setting in using the multi-attribute approach for assessing sustainable intelligent buildings. Building and Environment. 2010. Vol. 45. Iss. 4, pp. 799–807. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.08.019
11. Meier H., Lagemann H., Morlock F., Rathmann C. Key performance indicators for assessing the planning and delivery of industrial services. Procedia CIRP. 2013. Vol. 11, pp. 99–104. doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2013.07.056
12. Parmenter D. Key performance indicators: developing, implementing, and using winning KPIs. John Wiley & Sons. 2015. 444 p.
13. Scheer A.W., Jost W., He H., Kronz A. Corporate performance management: ARIS in practice. 2006. doi: 10.1007/3-540-30787-7
14. Giuda G.M. Di, Villa V., Piantanida P. BIM and energy efficient retrofitting in school buildings. Energy Procedia. 2015. Vol. 78, pp. 1045–1050. doi:  10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.066.
15. He Q., Wang G., Luo L., Shi Q., Xie J., Meng X. Mapping the managerial areas of Building Information Modeling (BIM) using scientometric analysis. International Journal of Project Management. 2017. Vol. 35, pp. 670–685. doi:  10.1016/j.ijproman.2016.08.001.
16. Abanda F.H., Tah J.H.M., Cheung F.K.T. BIM in off-site manufacturing for buildings. 2017. Journal of Building Engineering, pp. 89–102. doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2017.10.002.
17. Smits W., van Buiten M., Hartmann T. Yield-to-BIM: impacts of BIM maturity on project performance. Building research and information. 2017. Vol. 45, pp. 336–346. doi: 10.1080/09613218.2016.1190579
18. Jung Y., Joo M. Building information modelling (BIM) framework for practical implementation. Automation in Construction. 2011. Vol. 20. Iss. 2, pp. 126–133. doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2010.09.010.
19. Golabchi A., Akula M., Kamat V.R. Leveraging BIM For Automated Fault Detection In Operational. Conference: 30^th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction and Mining; Held in conjunction with the 23^rd World Mining Congress. 2013. 48109, pp. 1–11. Doi:  10.22260/ISARC2013/0020
20. McArthur J.J. A building information management (BIM) framework and supporting case study for existing building operations, maintenance and sustainability. Procedia Engineering. 2015. Vol. 118, pp. 1104–1111. Doi:  10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.450
21. Paes D., Arantes E., Irizarry J. Immersive environment for improving the understanding of architectural 3D models: Comparing user spatial perception between immersive and traditional virtual reality systems. Automation in Construction. 2017. Vol. 84, pp. 292–303. doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2017.09.016
22. Brooks A.L. Technologies of Inclusive Well-Being. 2014. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-45432-5
23. Fernando T.P., Wu K.-C., Bassanino M.N. Designing a novel virtual collaborative environment to support collaboration in design review meetings. Journal of Information Technology in Construction. 2013. Vol. 18, 372–396.
24. Moreno A.M. Contribución de los huertos urbanos a la salud. Habitat y Sociedad. 2013. Vol. 6, pp. 85–103. https://idus.us.es/xmlui/handle/11441/48353
25. Faas D., Bao Q., Frey D.D., Yang M.C. The influence of immersion and presence in early stage engineering designing and building. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing (AIE-2013-021). 2014, pp. 139–151. doi: 10.1017/S0890060414000055
26. Berg L.P., Vance J.M. An Industry case study: investigating early design decision making in virtual reality. Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering (JCISE). 2016. Vol. 17. 011001. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4034267
27. Won J., Lee G. How to tell if a BIM project is successful: A goal-driven approach. Automation in Construction. Vol. 69, pp. 34–43. Doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2016.05.022
28. Migilinskas D., Popov V., Juocevicius V., Ustinovichius L. The benefits, obstacles and problems of practical bim implementation. Procedia Engineering. 2013. Vol. 57, pp. 767–774. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.04.097

The features of using large animal bones as the main bearing volumetric-space frame of the dwelling of the oldest man are revealed. The upper Pleistocene is a geological period (200–10 thousand years ago) characterized by the greatest distribution of mammoth fauna. The vast natural areas of this period were dominated by grassy steppe landscapes with very small specks of woodlands. Based on these conditions, the use of skeletal bones of large animals such as mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, bison, musk oxen, giant bighorn deer as building material for the construction of primitive homes was quite natural and vital phenomenon. The article analyzes the overall parameters of large animal skeletal bones, which were most suitable for the construction of the structural-tectonic system of the oldest dwelling. On an analytical basis, the construction methods and methods that the ancient community of people possessed are put forward. The characteristic nodal connections of large bones with each other and with the ground base are revealed. Also shown are methods for covering the dwelling with animal skins. The scientific narrative is fully illustrated for the most complete understanding and perception of the subject of research.

K.A. LYTKIN, Candidate of Architecture (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

North-East Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov

1. Miller G.F. Istoriya Sibiri [History Of Siberia]. Moscow - Leningrad: AN SSSR, 1937. 607 p.
2. Seroshevskij V.L. Yakuty. Opyt etnograficheskogo issledovaniya [The Yakuts. Experience of ethnographic research]. Saint Petersburg: Isdatelstvo imperatorskogo Russkogo geograficheskogo obshcestva, 1896. V. 1. 720 p.
3. Okladnikov A.P. Istoriya Yakutskoi ASSR. Yakutiya do prisoedineniya k Russkomu gosudarstvu [History of the Yakut ASSR. Yakutia before joining Russian state]. Moscow - Leningrad: AN SSSR, 1955. V. 1. 432 p.
4. Lazurkov G.I., Gvozdover M.D., Roginskij Ya.Ya., Priroda I grevnij chelovek. Osnovnye etapy razvitij prirody, paleoliticheskogo cheloveka I ego kultury na territorii SSSR v plejstotsene [ Nature and ancient human. Main stages of development of nature, Paleolithic man and its culture on the territory of the USSR in the Pleistocene]. Moscow: Mysl, 1981. 223 p.
5. Okladnikov A.P. Neolithic and bronze age of the Baikal region (Part I-II). Materials and research on the archaeology of the USSR. 1950. No. 18. 412 p.
6. Okladnikov A.P. Neoliticheskie pamyatniki Angary. Ot SHukina do Bureti [Neolithic monuments of Angara. From Shukin to Bureti]. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1974. 320 p.
7. Okladnikov A.P. Arkheologiya Severnoj, TSentralnoj i Vostochnoj Azii [Archeology of North, Central and East Asia]. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2003. 663 p.
8. Okladnikov A.P., Zaparozhskaj V.D. Petroglify Srednej Leny [Petroglyphs Of The Middle Lena]. Leningrad: Nauka, 1972. 270 p.
9. Gerasimov M.M. he Paleolithic Malta site (Excavations in 1956–57 years). Sovetskaya etnografiya. 1958. No. 3, pp. 28-52.
10. Pogachev A.N. Multi-Layer Parking lots of Kostenkovsko-Borshevsky district on the don and the problem of cultural development in the upper Paleolithic era on Russian plain. Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR. 1957. No. 59. 325 p.

In conditions of underground construction in dense urban development, including the construction of deep pits, it is necessary to ensure the strength, reliability and durability of existing structures. This is facilitated by the implementation of a geotechnical forecast using the «base-foundations-aboveground structures» system in relation to the surrounding development. The results of the study of the stress-strain state of structures when calculating the surrounding development using such a system in the zone of influence of a deep pit are presented, including the construction of protective measures (strengthening of foundations with bored-injection piles, fixing their base with soil-cement elements, the arrangement of a geotechnical cut-off screen, underpinning of the slab foundation). For two types of ground conditions (Sands from shallow to gravelly, medium density and dense; loams and clays from soft-plastic to fluid), numerical experiments were performed in the Plaxis 2D program on a geotechnical model consisting of a deep pit, an array of soil and a building of the surrounding construction site. The features of setting the Plaxis 2D load from a building in this case are considered. The analysis of the received displacements and additional forces in the building structures of the surrounding development is made. With the help of numerical studies, it was possible to determine which of the considered protective measures made it possible to the most effectively reduce additional efforts in the building structures.

A.V. KONNOV, Engineer, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

1. Shashkin A.G., Shashkin K.G. The main regularities of interaction between the base and above-ground structures of the building. Razvitie gorodov i geotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo. 2006. No. 10, pp.63–92.
2. Ulitskii V.M., Shashkin A.G., Shashkin K.G., Shashkin V.A. Osnovy sovmestnykh raschetov zdanii i osnovanii [Basic principles of buildings and bases design]. Saint Petersburg: Georeconstructcia, 2014. 328 p.
3. Ter-Martirosyan Z.G., Ter-Martirosyan A.Z., Several problems of underground construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Constructions]. 2013. No. 9, pp. 2–6. (In Russian).
4. Shashkin A.G., Shashkin K.G. Interaction of buildings and bases: calculation methods and their application in design. Razvitie gorodov i geotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo. 2003. No. 7, pp.129-145. (In Russian).
5. Ilyichev V.A., Nikiforova N.S., Tupikov M.M. Deformation of soil masses during construction of shallow utility tunnels. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov. 2011. No. 3, pp. 8–15. (In Russian).
6. Nikiforova N.S. Obespechenie sokhrannosti zdanii v zone vliyaniya podzemnogo stroitel’stva [Ensuring of buldings’ preservation in the zone of underground construction impact]. Moscow: MGSU, 2016. 152 p.
7. Ter-Martirosyan A.Z., Sidorov V.V., Ermoshina L.Yu. Peculiarities of using the results of laboratory tests for geotechnical calculations. Geotekhnika. 2018. Vol. 10. Iss. 1–2, pp. 28–38. (In Russian).
8. Bathe K.J. Finite Element Procedures. New Jersey.: Prentice Hall, 1996. 1037 p.
9. Nikiforova N.S., Konnov A.V. The forecast of buildings` settlement with protection measures in the zone of underground construction influence. Vestnik grazhdanskikh inzhenerov. 2016. No. 2 (55), pp. 94–100. (In Russian).
10. Nikiforova N.S., Konnov A.V., Zakirova A.I. A study of the effectiveness of protective measures for existing buildings with underground construction subject to the production technology works. Soil mechanics in geotechnics and foundation construction: proc. of int. sci. tech. conf. Novocherkassk. 2018. pp. 430–440. (In Russian).
11. Ilyichev V.A., Nikiforova N.S., Konnov A.V. A settlement calculation for neighbouring buildings with mitigation measures upon underground construction. Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Seul, Korea. 2017, pp. 1789–1792.
12. Nadezhda Nikiforova, Artem Konnov. Settlement prediction for protected buildings nearby deep excavation. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 2018. No. 365. http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/365/4/042028/pdf (дата обращения 18.11.2019).
13. Mangushev R.A., Nikiforova N.S. Tekhnologicheskie osadki v zone vliyaniya podzemnogo stroitel’stva [Technological settlements in the zone of underground construction impact]. Мoscow: ASV, 2017. 168 p.

The installation of a modern heating system in the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Old Vagankovo (Moscow) led to the fact that some of the icons were located on the walls above the radiators. As a result of exposure to ascending non-isothermal warm air streams from radiators, the temperature of the surface of the icons, facing the interior of the church, rises significantly. This causes deformation of the wooden base of the icons, its shrinkage due to the absence of parishioners in the church and the swelling of wood during church services. As a result of periodic changes in the size of the wooden base of the icons, cracks appear on their front surface and the pictorial layer of icons is destroyed. To ensure the safety of ancient icons, a constructive solution is proposed for the podikonnik (protective horizontal board (wooden, plastic, or stone) under icon over heater), which makes it possible to lower the temperature on the surface of the icons and ensure their safety. It is advisable to use the proposed design solution not only in temples. It will be used in art galleries, exhibition halls and museums if the paintings are located above the heating devices.

P.N. UMNYAKOV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering)

Restoration Art Institute (3, block 4, Gorodok imeni Baumana, Moscow, 105037, Russian Federation)

1. Hram Svyatitelya Nikolaya v Starom Vagan’kove [Church of St. Nicholas in Old Vagankov]. Moscow: 2009, 14 p.
2. Umnyakov P.N., Umnyakova N.P., Aldoshina N.E. Preservation of wooden masterpieces of Russian iconography of the Trinity Cathedral of the Holy Trinity Lavra. Zhilishchnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing construction]. 2017. No. 6, pp. 40–44. (In Russian).
3. Umnyakov P.N., Umnyakova N.P., Aldoshina N.E. Providing heat regime for preservation of ancient masterpieces of Russian iconography of the Trinity Cathedral of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra. Zhilishchnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing construction]. 2017. No. 8, pp. 25–28. (In Russian).
4. Umnyakov P.N., Umnyakova N.P. Theoretical bases of temperature and humidity regime for preserving icons and frescoes in active Orthodox churches. In sat.: Natural conditions for the construction and preservation of churches of Orthodox Russia. Sergiev Posad. 2015, pp. 45–60.
5. Chudinov B. S. Voda v drevesine [The Water in the wood]. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1984. 294 p.
6. Carlsen G. G., Bolshakov V. V., Kogan M. E., Alexandrovskiy K. V., Bochkarev I. V., Folomin A. I. Derevyannye konstrukcii [Wooden structures]. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1961. 320 p.
7. Fokin K.F. Stroitel’naya teplotekhnika ograzhdayushchih chastej zdanij [Construction heat engineering of enclosing parts of buildings]. Moscow: AVOK-PRESS, 2006. 250 p.

As a result of the increase in the number of residents living in the settlements, there is an increase in anthropogenic loads on recreational areas. Recreational load causes significant degradation of the natural framework of the city, and its value is formed by the planning structure of the urban environment, which determines the distribution of population density within the boundaries of transport and pedestrian accessibility from recreational facilities. Ensuring the safety of recreational areas, there is a need to work with complete and reliable information that can only be obtained when conducting regular monitoring studies aimed at preserving the natural complex of the urban environment. The spatial organization of recreational zones should meet the goals of ensuring the ecological balance of recreational territories, as well as the formation of a comfortable architectural-planning structure and the allocation of the most significant recreational formations on the basis of the environmental-recreational opportunities of natural territories and the needs of the population. In this regard, the paper presents the functional zoning, developed on the basis of the estimated value of recreational load, of the natural-anthropogenic territorial complex of the City Park of Culture and Leisure, located in the central part of the city of Orel, which aimed at the development and preservation of the natural frame in terms of the current urban situation.

M.A. SLEPNEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
N.V. BAKAEVA, Doctor of Sciences(Engineering)

National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Krasnoshchekova N.S. Formirovanie prirodnogo karkasa v general’nykh planakh gorodov [The formation of the natural framework in the master plans of ities]. Moscow: Arhitektura-S, 2010. 182 p.
2. Ilichev V.A., Emelyanov S.G., Kolchunov V.I., Bakaeva N.V. Innovative practice in cities and the doctrine of urban planning. Biosfernaya sovmestimost’: Chelovek, region,tekhnologii. 2014. No. 3, pp. 3–18. (In Russian).
3. Scherbina E.V., Marshalkovich A.S., Zotova E.A. Sustainable Rural Development: The Importance of Environmental Factors. Ekologiya urbanizirovannykh territorii. 2018. No. 2, pp.73–83. (In Russian).
4. Scherbina E. V., Slepnev M.A. The system of urban planning regulations to ensure sustainable development of territories. Nauchnoe obozrenie. 2016. No. 6, pp. 240–244. (In Russian).
5. Popov A.V., Slepnev M.A. Improving the environmental parameters of the architectural and urban planning environment through the use of phyto-metal structures. Ekologiya urbanizirovannykh territorii. 2018. No. 3, pp. 114–117. (In Russian).
6. Strashnova L.F., Strashnova Yu.G., Voinova A.V., Polevaya O.R. Creation of tourist and recreational areas in the North-West of the capital. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo Moskvy. 2009. No. 5, pp. 10–20. (In Russian).
7. Slepnev M.A. The value of the recreational load with functional zoning of a PATK. Ekologiya urbanizirovannykh territorii. 2017. No. 4, pp. 48–54. (In Russian).
8. Gorbenkova E.V., Scherbina E.V. Methodological approaches to modeling the development of rural settlements. Vestnik MGSU. 2017. No. 10(109), Vol. 12, pp. 1107–1114. (In Russian).
9. Korsak M.V. The formation of an environmentally sustainable urban environment by means of landscape architecture. Vestnik PGU. 2017. No. 2 (56), pp. 136–143. (In Russian).
10. Slepnev M.A., Filyakova E.I. Assessment of the recreational load of the city park of culture and recreation Oryol city. Biosfernaya sovmestimost’: Chelovek, region,tekhnologii. 2019. No. 3 (27), pp. 101–110. (In Russian).
11. Slepnev M.A., Popov A.V. Ecological capacity of urban natural and anthropogenic territorial complexes. Zhilishchnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 3, pp. 57–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-3-57-60 (In Russian).
12. Bakaeva N.V., Chernyaeva I.V. Issues of greening the urban environment in the implementation of the functions of a biosphere-compatible city. Stroitel’stvo i rekonstruktsiya. 2018. No. 2 (76), pp. 85–94. (In Russian).
13. Enin A.E., Grosheva T.I. A systematic approach to the reconstruction of landscape and recreational spaces. Stroitel’stvo i rekonstruktsiya. 2017. No. 4 (72), pp. 101–109. (In Russian).
14. Filippov V.N., Kiselnikova D.Yu., Limit parameters of development of residential areas. To the question of improving the PZZ of Novosibirsk. Zhilishchnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 11, pp. 29–32. (In Russian).
15. Scherbina E.V., Danilina N.V., Marshalkovich A.S. Scientific and methodological foundations of the module “Designing a Sustainable Urban Environment” in the process of training bachelors and masters in the direction of “Urban Planning”. Ekologiya urbanizirovannykh territorii. 2015. No. 1, pp. 70–74. (In Russian).
16. Shcherbina E.V., Marshalkovich A.S., Zotova E.A. Sustainable development of rural settlements: The importance of environmental factors. Ekologiya urbanizirovannykh territorii. 2018. No. 2, pp. 73–83. (In Russian).
17. Kochurov B.I., Ivashkina I.V., Khaziakhmetova Yu.A. Moscow as an urban geosystem: A study of the comfort and safety of the urban environment. Ekologiya urbanizirovannykh territorii. 2018. No. 2, pp. 35–41. (In Russian).