Time and current circumstances dictate the need to move from horizontal to vertical zoning of urban space, which can ensure the formation of a comfortable residential and industrial environment, based on the deep-spatial organization of the entire system of objects. The design and technology of the pit excavation during the construction of an underground structure in an open way should ensure its waterproofness, if dewatering is impossible or economically impractical. When placing the underground structure below the level of underground water and it is impossible to bury the pit fence in a water barrier (imperfect pit fence), the construction of vertical and horizontal anti-filtration curtains (AFC) around the underground part of the building is widely used. As a rule, cementation by the method of filling under low pressure is used to reduce the filtration of underground water through cracks. But starting from a depth of ten to twelve meters from the ground surface, this method is not effective enough, high speeds of pressure water movement lead to washing out the mixture. The article describes the experience of designing and installing AFC in fractured soils using jet-grouting technology. The conducted works have shown that jet cementation has certain advantages over traditional methods of filling cementation in rock soils fractured and destructed to earthy marls in the zone of pressure underground water.

O.A. MAKOVETSKY¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
D.S. KONYUKHOV², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
S.S. ZUEV³, Deputy General Director(This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Russian University of Transport (MIIT) (9, bldg. 9 Obrazcova Street, Moscow, 127994, Russian Federation)
² JSC “Mosinzhporoekt” (10, Khodynsky Blvd., Moscow, 125252, Russian Federation)
³ JSC “New Ground” (35, Kronshtadtskaya Street, Perm, 614081, Russian Federaion)

1. Zertsalov M.G., Konyukhov D.S., Merkin V.E. Ispol’zovanie podzemnogo prostranstva [Use of underground space]. Moscow: ASV, 2015. 416 p.
2. Konyukhov D. S. Basic principles of complex development of underground space during renovation of residential buildings in Moscow. Metro i tonneli. 2019. No. 2, pp. 38–40. (In Russian).
3. Merkin V., Konyukhov D. Development of Moscow underground space plans, results, perspectives. Proceedings Engineering. 2016. Vol. 165, pp. 663–672.
4. Makovetskiy O., Zuev S. Practice device artificial improvement basis of soil technologies jet grouting. Proceedings Engineering. 2016. Vol. 165, pp. 504–509.
5. Zuev S. S., Makovetsky O. A. Experience of using the “up-doun” method in the construction of underground and aboveground parts of buildings. Zhilishchnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 9, pp. 24–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-9-24-30
6. Henn Raymond W. Practical guide to grouting of underground structures. American Society of Civil Engineers, 1996. 200 p.
7. Karol Reuben H. Chemical grouting and soil stabilization. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. 536 p.
8. Moseley M.P. Ground improvement. London. 2004. 440 p.
9. Khyamalyainen V. A., Mayorov A. E. New ways of cementation hardening of rocks. Gornyi informatsionno-analiticheskii byulleten’. 2010. No. 10, pp. 212–217. (In Russian).
10. Khyamalyainen V. A., Mayorov A. E. peculiarities of grouting mortars during the hardening of fractured rocks. Gornyi informatsionno-analiticheskii byulleten’. 2012. No. 10, pp. 199–205. (In Russian).
11. Shubin A. A. Modeling of the process of elimination of underground voids in the conditions of technogenic activation. Zapiski Gornogo instituta. 2013. Vol. 204, pp. 101–104.
12. Dolzhikov P. N., Shubin A. A. Elimination of water flows in the conditions of karst development. Nauchno-tekhnicheskie problemy razrabotki ugol’nykh mestorozhdenii, shakhtnogo i podzemnogo stroitel’stva: Sb. nauch. tr. Shakhtinskii in-t YuRGTU (NPI). Novocherkassk: Nabla ( NPI), 2005, pp. 180–185. (In Russian).
13. Voronkevich S.D. Osnovy tekhnicheskoi melioratsii gruntov [Fundamentals of technical soil reclamation]. Moscow: Nauchnyi Mir, 2005, 498 p.
14. Ruzhinsky S.I. Accelerators of setting and hardening in concrete technology. Populyarnoe betonovedenie. 2005. No. 1, pp. 2–76. (In Russian).
15. Nurgaliev E.I., Mayorov A.E. Rheological characteristics of specialized cement mixtures for complex isolation of mine workings. Vestnik Kuzbasskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. 2018. No. 4, pp. 56–64. (In Russian).
16. Grinbaum I.I. On the methodology and features of flowmetric studies of the filtration properties of fractured rocks in the bases of high-pressure structures. VNIIG im. B.E. Vedeneev. 1970. Iss. 48, pp. 125–134. (In Russian).
17. Ilina O. V. Filtration stability of crack filler in rocks, determined in the field and in the laboratory. VNIIG im. B. E. Vedeneev. 1970. Iss. 48, pp. 149–156. (In Russian).
18. Maksimova I.N., Makridin N.I., Erofeeva V.T., Skachkov Yu.P. Struktura i konstruktsionnaya prochnost’ tsementnykh kompozitov [Structure and structural strength of cement composites]. Moscow: ASV, 2017. 400 p.
19. Bull John W. Linear and nonlinear numerical analysis of foundations. New York, 2009. 465 p.
20. Adamovich A.N. Soil Consolidation and anti-filtration curtains. Moscow: Energiya, 1980. 320 p.

The article presents the formulation and solution of a problem devoted to the quantitative assessment of the precipitation of a weak base under a sand cushion containing a foundation of finite width. The stress-strain state (SSS) of a weak base layer under the influence of a distributed load p=const over the band b=2a (flat problem) is considered. Nonlinear models, including the elastic-plastic model, are considered as a computational model for describing volume and shear deformations. To describe the relationship between stresses and deformations, a system of Hencky equations is used, which makes it possible to take into account the influence of the average stress σ=(σ₁+σ₂+σ₃)/3 on the deformation properties of soils. It is shown that the sediment and lateral movements of the base can have a non-linear character and can pass to a non-damping stage at τ→τ*. The problem is solved analytically and numerically using the Mathcad PC. The graphic part contains ε-σ and τ_i-γ_i dependencies in accordance with the selected models, as well as a graphical representation of the development of the relative deformation of a weak base under the foundation of finite width, the development of precipitation is a weak base layer under the foundation of finite width and calculation of the settlement of the foundation of finite width by the method of layer-by-layer summation.

V.I. DEMIANENKO, Master (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
Z.G. TER-MARTIROSYAN, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.Z. TER-MARTIROSYAN, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (26, Yaroslavskoye Highway , Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Ter-Martirosyan Z.G., Sidorov V.V., Ter-Martirosyan A.Z., Manukyan A.V. Extrude a weak layer from the base of the final width foundation. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 9, pp. 5–10. (In Russian).
2. Ter-Martirosyan A.Z., Ter-Martirosyan Z.G., Sidorov V.V. Interaction of final stiffness soil piles with surrounding soil as part of foundation taking into account expansion of pile diameter. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov. 2016. No. 3, pp. 10–15. (In Russian).
3. Pudova V.G., Kamenskaya M.V. Study of the stress condition in the soil cushion under the foundation of the multi-storey building and determination of its economic efficiency. Matrica nauchnogo poznaniya. 2018. No. 1, pp. 5–11. (In Russian).
4. Vyskrebencev V.S. On application of soil cushions on weak soils of the bases of engineering structures. Vestnik Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta im. V.G. Shuhova. 2015. No. 5, pp. 16–20. (In Russian).
5. Mangushev R.A., Usmanov R.A. Ways to improve the effectiveness of compacted soil cushions on weak soils. Vestnik grazhdanskih inzhenerov. 2019. No. 2 (73), pp. 62–70. (In Russian).
DOI: 10.23968/1999-5571-2019-16-2-62-70
6. Alekhin A.N., Alekhin A.A. Effective method of determining parameters of a nonlinear soil model from field tests. Vestnik PNIPU. Stroitel’stvo i arhitektura. 2017. Vol. 8. No. 4, pp. 54–63. (In Russian). DOI: 10.15593/2224-9826/2017.4.06
7. Buslov A.S., Bakholdin B.V., Stavnitzer L.R. Soil creep equations based on probabilistic rheological model. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov. 2017. No. 1, pp. 2–8. (In Russian).
8. Kiselev N.YU. Experimental study of the work of a slab foundation with a damping layer on a soil base. Geotekhnika. 2016. No. 1, pp. 51–60. (In Russian).
9 Ter-Martirosyan Z.G., Ter-Martirosyan A.Z. Experimentally – theoretical foundations of transformation of weak water-saturated clay soils at surface and deep compaction. Inzhenernaya geologiya. 2015. No. 4, pp. 16–25. (In Russian).
10. Ter-Martirosjan Z.G., Ter-Martirosjan A.Z., Sidorov V.V. Initial critical pressure under the heel of the round foundation and bored piles under the heel of round section. Estestvennye i tehnicheskie nauki. 2014. No. 11–12 (78), pp. 372–376. (In Russian).

When constructing large-size pit fences in terms of plan and depth, the additional settlement of neighboring buildings can reach up to 70% of the total additional during the construction of the zero cycle of a new structure. The factor of occurrence and development of additional technological settlements may be the unstructuring of the foundation soils under existing structures as a result of dynamic or static sinking of the sheet pile. At high-frequency vibro-driving (extraction) of sheet piles in a thick layer of weak soils, the energy of the vibratory pile driver is spent on the destruction of structural connections in the near-pile space. At the same time, at a short distance from the piles, the soil can turn into a state of heavy, viscous liquid. At a greater distance, due to dynamic impact, sensitive lake-sea and lake-glacial deposits lose up to 90% of their original physical and mechanical characteristics. As a result, the day surface and surrounding buildings can get significant additional deformations. When using the technology of static sheet pile indentation, additional stresses occur in the soil mass due to the drag forces of the sheet pile tip and the forces of lateral friction along its side surface. Additional stresses lead to compaction of the soil layers, and, subsequently, to additional deformations of adjacent buildings. Methods for estimating additional precipitation of buildings and structures when a metal sheet pile is submerged near them by the method of vibrating and static indentation are considered, and the results of calculations are compared with data from monitoring of precipitations of real structures.

R.A. MANGUSHEV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering),
A.V. GURSKIY², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering),
V.M. POLUNIN¹, Engineer-Builder (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, Vtoraya Krasnoarmeiskaya, Saint-Petersburg, 190005, Russian Federation)
² OOO “PKTI Fundament-test” (5, Udelniy Prospect, Saint-Petersburg, 194017, Russian Federation)

1. Mangushev R.A., Nikiforova N.S., Konushkov V.V. & et al. Proyektirovaniye i ustroystvo podzemnykh sooruzheniy v otkrytykh kotlovanakh [Design and construction of underground structures in open pits]. Moscow, Saint-Petersburg: ASV. 2013. 256 p. (In Russian).
2. Mangushev R.A., Nikiforova N.S. Tekhnologicheskiye osadki zdaniy i sooruzheniy v zone vliyaniya podzemnogo stroitel’stva. Pod red. R.A. Mangusheva [Technological settlements of buildings and structures in the zone of influence of underground construction. Edited by R.A. Mangushev]. Moscow: ASV. 2017. 256 p.
3. Razvodovskiy D.E., Chepurnova A.A. Assessment of the effect of strengthening the foundations of buildings using jet cementation technology on their settlement. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2016. No. 10, pp. 64–72. (In Russian).
4. Mangushev R.A., Osokin A.I. Geotekhnika Sankt-Peterburga: Monografiya [Geotechnics of St. Petersburg: Monograph]. Moscow: ASV. 2010. 264 p.
5. Verstov V.V., Gaydo A.N., Ivanov YA.V. Tekhnologiy ustroystva ograzhdeniy kotlovanov v usloviyakh gorodskoy zastroyki i akvatoriy. Pod red. V.V. Verstov. [Technologies for the construction of fencing for foundation pits in urban development and water areas. Edited by V.V. Verstov]. Saint Petersburg: Lan’. 2014, 366 p.
6. Barkan D.D. Vibrometod v stroitel’stve [Vibration method in construction]. Moscow: Gosstroyizdat. 1959. 315 p.
7. Ershov V.A. Dynamic properties of sandy soils and their consideration in assessing the stability of earth structures. Doc. Diss. Leningrad. 1970. 180 p. (In Russian).
8. Deckner F., Viking K., Hintze S. Wave Patterns in the ground: case studies related to vibratory sheet pile driving.Geotechnical and Geological Engineering. 2017, Vol. 35, pp. 2863–2878. DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.01.039
9. Korff M., Meijers P., Wiersma A., Kloosterman F. Mapping liquefaction based on CPT data for induced seismicity in Groningen. Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering for Protection and Development of Environment and Constructions- Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering. 2019, pp. 3418–3425.
10. Deckner F., Viking K., Guillemet C., Hintze S. Instrumentation system for ground vibration analysis during sheet pile driving. Geotechnical Testing Journal. 2015. Vol. 38, pp. 893–905. DOI: 10.1520/GTJ20140275
11. Brinkgerve R.B.J. Plaxis: Finite Element Code for Soil and Rock Analyses. Balkema. 2006, pp. 53–56.
12. Denies N., Holeyman A. Shear strength degradation of vibrated dry sand. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2017. Vol. 95, pp. 106–117. DOI: 10.1007/s10706-017-0285-x
13. Mangushev R.A., Gursky A.V. Impact assesment of indentation of steel piles on additional settlements of adjacent buildings. Geotekhnika. 2016. No. 2, pp. 34–41. (In Russian). DOI: 10.25296/2221-5514-2020-12-1-32-44
14. Florin V.A. Osnovy mekhaniki gruntov. T. 1 [Fundamentals of soil mechanics. Vol.1]. Moscow. 1959. 356 p.
15. Maslov N.N. Osnovy mekhaniki gruntov i inzhenernoy geologii [Fundamentals of soil mechanics and engineering geology]. Moscow. 1969. 511 p.

The article considers methods for calculating “Atlant” anchors under the action of a tensile axial load, bending moment, and shearing force. The selection of the anchor cross-section depending on the value of the axial tension load is based on the requirements for conducting control tests with a one-and-a-half-fold excess of the calculated load. Taking into account the requirement that plastic deformations should not occur in the anchor rod during testing, we conclude that the calculated value of the tensile axial load should not exceed 60% of the force at the required yield strength. The calculation of the anchor under the action of a shearing load shows that the value of the maximum tangential stresses exceeds the value of the average tangential stress by 1.84–1.98 times, depending on the size. The plot of tangential stresses in a cross section has a quadratic character, similar to the plot of tangential stresses in a round section, square section, or I-beam. The generalized results of calculations are summarized in the final table, which will serve as a reference when designing anchors for various force effects.

A.G. MALININ, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Director (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
I.A. SALMIN, Head of Design Department

OOO “Construction Company “InzhProektStroy” (34, Off. 105, Komsomolskiy Prospect, Perm, 614000, Russian Federation)

1. Aleksandrov A.V., Potapov V.D., Derzhavin B.P. Soprotivlenie materialov [Resistance of materials]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola, 2003. 560 p.
2. Pisarenko G.S., Yakovlev A. P., Matveev V.V. Spravochnik po soprotivleniyu materialov [Handbook of materials resistance]. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1988. 736 p.
3. Feodosyev V.I. Soprotivlenie materialov [Resistance of materials]. Moscow: Nauka, Glavnaya redaktsiya fiziko-matematicheskoi literatury, 1986. 512 p.
4. Timoshenko S.P. Soprotivlenie materialov. Tom pervyi. Elementarnaya teoriya i zadachi [Resistance of materials. Volume one. Elementary theory and problems]. Moscow: Nauka, Glavnaya redaktsiya fiziko-matematicheskoi literatury, 1965.
5. Timoshenko S.P. Istoriya nauki o soprotivlenii materialov s kratkimi svedeniyami iz istorii teorii uprugosti i teorii sooruzhenii [History of the science of resistance of materials with brief information from the history of the theory of elasticity and the theory of structures]. Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo tekhniko-teoreticheskoi literatury, 1957.
6. Malinin D.A. Bearing capacity of screw anchors “Atlant”. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2012. No. 9, pp. 46–49. (In Russian).
7. Malinin A.G., Malinin D.A. Anchor piles “Atlant”. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2010. No. 5, рp. 60–62. (In Russian).
8. Malinin A.G., Smirnov A.N., Malinin D.A. Extractable screw anchors “Atlant”. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 9, pp. 36–40. (In Russian).
9. Malinin A.G., Malinin D.A. experimental study of the contact strength of a reinforcing element with a cement stone. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2011. No. 4, pp. 34–36. (In Russian).
10. Malinin P.A., Strunin P.V., Gulshina Yu.G., Salmin I.A. Experience of applying the new technology of ground anchors “Atlant Jet” when fixing a deep pit in Moscow. Proceedings of the international scientific and technical conference “Modern geotechnologies in construction and their scientific and technical support”. Saint Petersburg. 2014, pp. 142–148.
11. Salmin I.A. Monitoring of the enclosing structure of a deep pit. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 9, pp. 29–33. (In Russian).
12. Chernov R.I., Kitaykin V.A., Salmin I.A. Investigation of the work of ground anchors in a group when developing a pit under the protection of a fence in the form of a “wall in the ground”. Geotekhnika. 2019. No. 3, pp. 38–51. (In Russian).

The article considers the key factors of achieving the national goal of strategic development in the field of improving housing conditions of the population. First of all, these factors should include: the purchase of housing at the primary or secondary markets; the construction of individual homes; the provision of housing under social rental agreements; resettlement from unsuitable dilapidated and emergency funds; improvement of housing conditions through major repairs; conclusion of long-term lease agreements. The dynamics of key indicators for the development of residential real estate and mortgage lending markets in the Russian Federation is analyzed. The analysis of the level of availability of residential real estate in the Russian Federation and regions for the period 2010–2018 is performed. The estimation of the variation in the level of housing affordability is made taking into account the forecasted decrease in the mortgage lending rate in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The most significant measures of state support for the social sphere and the mortgage lending market aimed at increasing housing affordability are summarized.

I.N. MIGUNOV, Candidate of Sciences (Economics)

Russian Foreign Trade Academy of the Ministry for the Economic Development of the Russian Federation (6A, Vorobievskoye Highway, Moscow, 119285, Russian Federation)

1. Oleinikova E.G. National projects 2019–2024 and priorities of social policy in modern Russia. Biznes. Obrazovanie. Pravo. 2020. No. 1 (50), pp. 69–72. (In Russian).
2. Efimov K.V., Belyakov S.I. Research of topical issues of the national project “Housing and urban environment”. Ekonomika i predprinimatel’stvo. 2019. No. 9 (110), pp. 458–461. (In Russian).
3. Efimov K.V., Belyakov S.I. Analysis of domestic and foreign experience in implementing programs for reforming and developing the housing construction industry. Ekonomika i predprinimatel’stvo. 2020. No. 6 (119), pp. 78–81. (In Russian).
4. Kudashov E.A. Housing market and government program. Zhilishchnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing construction]. 2006. No. 1, pp. 2–3. (In Russian).
5. Sternik S.G. Improving housing conditions of the population: problems of achieving the national goal. Problemy prognozirovaniya. 2019. No. 4 (175), pp. 95–105. (In Russian).
6. Sternik G.M., Apalkov A.A. Development of methods for assessing housing affordability for the population. Imushchestvennye otnosheniya v Rossiiskoi Federatsii. 2014. No. 7 (154), pp. 59–71. (In Russian).
7. Gabidinova G.S., Balabanova O.N., Zharina N.A., Gabitova R.R. Improving the methodology for assessing the level of housing affordability for the population. Ekonomika i predprinimatel’stvo. 2019. No. 10 (111), pp. 287–291. (In Russian).
8. Sargsyan L.L. Determination of housing affordability within the framework of mortgage lending. Smetno-dogovornaya rabota v stroitel’stve. 2019. No. 4, pp. 11–19. (In Russian).
9. Belousov A.L. development of mortgage lending and issues of methodology for determining housing affordability. Aktual’nye problemy ekonomiki i prava. 2019. Vol. 13. No. 1, pp. 935–947. (In Russian).
10. Tormosov V.V. Calculation of housing affordability index for the regions of Russia and factors affecting it. Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta. 2013. No. 1, pp. 335–339. (In Russian).
11. Abramova N.V. Influence of mortgage lending on housing affordability in the regions. Vestnik Omskogo universiteta. Seriya: Ekonomika. 2017. No. 3 (59), pp. 156–164. (In Russian).
12. Chukanov A.I. Justification of tools for assessing regional mortgage lending. Nauchnye issledovaniya i razrabotki. Ekonomika. 2019. Vol. 7. No. 3, pp. 57–61. (In Russian).
13. Zolotareva T.V., Rotar T.S. Statistical analysis of housing mortgage lending in the Russian Federation. Vektor ekonomiki. 2020. No. 1 (43), pp. 57. (In Russian).
14. Vlasov V.B., Pobedinsky G.D., Sysoeva O.A. Analysis of the construction market reaction to the transition of the industry to new working conditions. Stroitel’stvo i nedvizhimost’. 2020. No. 1 (5), pp. 103–109. (In Russian).
15. Zverev A.V., Mandron V.V., Mishina M.Yu. State of the mortgage lending market in Russia at the present stage. Voprosy regional’noi ekonomiki. 2018. No. 3 (36), pp. 117–124. (In Russian).
16. Karavaeva Yu.S. Modern mortgage lending market and problems of its development. Vestnik NGIEI. 2018. No. 2 (81), pp. 133–147. (In Russian).
17. Kokin A.S., Oskolkov I.M., Trofimova D.S., Sitnikov R.R. Analysis of the current state of the housing mortgage lending market in Russia. Ekonomika: vchera, segodnya, zavtra. 2018. Vol. 8. No. 5A, pp. 127–142. (In Russian).
18. Alieva Z.B. State project “Far Eastern hectare”: current situation, problems of development. Ekonomika i predprinimatel’stvo. 2020. No. 2 (115), pp. 500–504. (In Russian).
19. Kubasova T.I., Kaverzina L.A., Makarova G.N. Rental housing in Russia: prerequisites, problems and prospects of development. Baikal Research Journal. 2018. Vol. 9. No. 4, pp. 11. (In Russian).
20. Abdukhanova N.G., Tazeeva A.R. Justification of the attractiveness of rental housing for the population and for institutional investors. Finansy i kredit. 2019. Vol. 25. No. 3 (783), pp. 709–720. (In Russian).

Russian construction companies are trying to find new markets by implementing updated marketing practices. Understanding the behavior of different customer segments in the process of choosing housing becomes one of the priority tasks of the developer. In the process of choosing residential real estate, consumers of different segments make different requirements for housing and use different criteria for comparing alternatives. The article presents the results of the research conducted by the authors on segmentation of buyers in the residential real estate market. The key criteria for consumers’ choice of housing are structured. Consumer segments are identified according to the level of innovation of consumers and the desired benefits. The analysis of respondents’ preferences, requests, and behavior for the segments selected during the research is presented. The authors used content analysis of previous research by Russian and foreign authors, qualitative research using focus groups, quantitative research in the form of an off-line survey, factor analysis, and cluster analysis as the methods of the research. The obtained research results can be used by Russian real estate developers to create a clearly differentiated offer on the market and increase their competitiveness.

S.V. ALEXANDROVSKIY, Candidate of Sciences (Economy),
E.V. ARTYUSHINA, Candidate of Sciences (Economy) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
D.A. FOMENKOV, Candidate of Sciences (Economy),
M.A. SHUSHKIN, Doctor of Sciences (Economy)

National Research University Higher School of Economics (25/12, Bolshaya Pecherskaya Street, Nizhniy Novgorod, 603155, Russian Federation)

1. Шушкин М.А., Александровский С.В., Фоменков Д.А. Развитие сегмента индивидуального жилищного строительства: новые форматы и практики позиционирования. Н. Новгород: НИУ РАНХиГС, 2018. 180 с.
1. Shushkin M.A., Aleksandrovskiy S.V., Fomen-kov D.A. Razvitie segmenta individual’nogo zhilishchnogo stroitel’stva: novye formaty i praktiki pozitsionirovaniya [Development of the individual housing construction segment: new formats and positioning practices]. N. Novgorod: NIU RANHiGS, 2018. 180 p.
2. Flambard V. Demand for housing choices in the north of France: a discrete approach // Journal of European Real Estate Research. 2017. Vol. 10. No. 3, pp. 346–365. DOI: 10.1108/JERER-11-2016-0038
3. Guangtong Gu. Hedonic Price Ripple Effect and Consumer Choice: Evidence from New Homes // Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics. 2018. Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 809–816. DOI: 10.20965/jaciii.2018.p0809
4. Iman M., Hamid A., K. N. and S. L. H. A Conjoint Analysis of Buyers’ Preferences for Residential Property // International Real Estate Review. 2012. Vol. 15. No. 1, pp. 73–105. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254424817_A_Conjoint_Analysis_of_Buyers_Preferences_for_Residential_Property (дата обращения 15.01.2020)
5. Jayasekare A.S., Herath S., Wickramasuriya R., Perez P. The price of a view: Estimating the impact of view on house prices // Pacific Rim Property Research Journal. 2019. Vol. 25, pp. 141–158. DOI:10.1080/14445921.2019.1626543
6. Liu, Zhicheng, Shuai Yan, Jun Cao, Tanhua Jin, Jiabo Tang, Junyan Yang, and Qiao Wang. Bayesian Approach to Residential Property Valuation Based on Built Environment and House Characteristics // IEEE International Conference on Big Data, Big Data. 2018, pp. 1455–1464. DOI: 10.1109/BigData.2018.8622422
7. Worku, Genanew Bekele. House Price Drivers in Dubai: Nonlinearity and Heterogeneity // International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis. 2017. Vol. 10. No. 3. DOI: 10.1108/IJHMA-06-2016-0048
8. Xu, Yangfei, Qinghua Zhang, Siqi Zheng and Guozhong Zhu. House Age, Price and Rent: Implications from Land-Structure Decomposition // Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics. 2018. Vol. 56. No. 2. DOI: 10.1007/s11146-016-9596-6
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10. Zhou, Xiaolu, Weitian Tong and Dongying Li. Modeling Housing Rent in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area Using Textual Information and Deep Learning // ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2019. No. 8, p. 349. DOI: 10.3390/ijgi8080349
11. Rae A., Sener E. How website users segment a city: The geography of housing search in London // Cities. 2016. No. 52, pp. 140–147. DOI: 10.1016/j.cities. 2015.12.002
12. Kauko T. An analysis of housing location attributes in the inner city of Budapest, Hungary, using expert judgements // International Journal of Strategic Property Management. 2007. No. 11 (4), pp. 209–225. DOI: 10.3846/1648715X.2007.9637570
13. Яговцева М., Потапов Д. Оценка полезности мультиатрибутивного товара на рынке жилой недвижимости // Маркетинг и маркетинговые исследования. 2013. № 3. С. 192–208. https://grebennikon.ru/article-t6gc.html (дата обращения 18.04.20).
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14. Габудина А.А., Корпусова Н.С. Особенности механизма принятия решения о покупке на рынке недвижимости и маркетинговых инструментов, оказывающих влияние на потребителей // Экономика и предпринимательство. 2018. № 12 (101). С. 688–695.
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15. Сериков Д. Анализ влияния потребительских предпочтений в сфере жилой недвижимости на уровень спроса и темпы продаж девелоперов // Маркетинг и маркетинговые исследования. 2012. № 6. С. 504–513.
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The article considers the classrooms of a secondary school where the power of the heating system is reduced during non-working hours. The geometric parameters of the classrooms and the heat transfer resistance of external enclosing structures are the same. The classrooms have a different internal thermal stability. For each classroom, a non-stationary heat regime has been calculated for design outdoor heating conditions of Moscow. The solution was carried out using the finite difference method. As a result of calculations, it was found that even if there is no room heating before the start of the working day, when the heating is reduced to 60, 70, 80% of the 24-hour operating system power, the air temperature and the resulting room temperature correspond to the optimal temperature range during the working hours. However, since the temperature of the internal surfaces of external enclosing structures did not have time to go up, the local asymmetry of the resulting temperature at the border of the serviced zone is higher than not only the optimal one, but also the permissible value of 3.5^oC.

E.G. MALYAVINA¹, Candidate of Science (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
R.T. SHAKHMALIYEV¹, student;
Yu.N. LEVINA², Engineer

¹ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
² Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

1. Anisimova E. Yu. Energy efficiency of temperature conditions for a building at optimum intermittent central heating use. Vestnik Yuzhno-Uralskogo gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. 2012. No. 38, Iss. 15, pp. 55–59. (In Russian).
2. Balasanyan G.A., Klimchuk A.A., Minyailo M.B. Modeling of intermittent heating mode of a combined heat supply system with a heat pump. Vestnik NTU. 2015. No.17, pp. 35–42. (In Russian).
3. Kutsenko A.S., Kovalenko S.V., Tovazhnyanskiy V.I. Analysis of energy efficiency of intermittent heating mode of buildings. Polzunovskiy vestnik. 2014. No. 4, pp. 57–65. (In Russian).
4. Zakharevich A. E. Saving the thermal energy at intermittent heating. SOK. 2014. No. 1, pp. 44–60. (In Russian).
5. Panferov V. I. Efficiency of building microclimate management in non-working hours. SOK. 2014. No. 2, pp. 37–42. (In Russian).
6. Vasiliev G.P., Lichman V.A., Peskov H.V. Numerical method for optimization of intermittent heating mode. Matematicheskoye modelirovaniye. 2010. No. 11. Vol. 22, pp. 123–130. (In Russian).
7. Datsyuk T.A., Ivlev Yu.P. Energy-Efficient solutions in ventilation practice on the basis of mathematical modeling. Proceedings: Theoretical foundations of heat and gas supply and ventilation. 2009, pp. 193–196. (In Russian).
8. Datsyuk T.A., Taurit V.R. Modeling of microclimate of residential premises. Vestnik grazhdanskikh inzhenerov. 2012. No. 4, pp. 196–198. (In Russian).
9. Vytchikov Yu.S., Belyakov I.G., Saparyov M.E. Mathematical simulation of nonstationary process of heat transfer through the building cladding structures in conditions of intermittent heating. Mezhdunarodniy nauchno-issledovatelskiy zhurnal. 2016. No. 6 (48). Part 2, pp. 42–48. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18454/IRJ.2016.48.180
10. Kisilewicz T. Passive Control of Indoor Climate Conditions in Low Energy Buildings. Energy Procedia. 2015. Vol. 78, рр. 49–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.113
11. La Gennusa М., Lascari G., Rizzo G., Scaccianoce G. Conflicting needs of the thermal indoor environment of museums: In search of a practical compromise. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2008. Iss. 2. Vol. 9, pp. 125–134, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2007.08.003
12. Pingel M., Vardhan V., Manu S., Brager G., Rawal R., A study of indoor thermal parameters for naturally ventilated occupied buildings in the warm-humid climate of southern India. Building and Environment. 2019. Vol. 151, pp. 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.01.026.
13. Wei Tian, Xu Han, Wangda Zuo, Michael D. Sohn. Building energy simulation coupled with CFD for indoor environment: A critical review and recent applications. Energy and Buildings. 2018. Vol. 165, pp. 184–199, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.01.046
14. Giancola E., Soutullo S., Olmedo R., Heras M.R. Evaluating rehabilitation of the social housing envelope: Experimental assessment of thermal indoor improvements during actual operating conditions in dry hot climate, a case study. Energy and Buildings. 2014. Vol. 75, pp. 264–271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.02.010
15. Malyavina E.G., Agakhanova K.M., Umnyakova N.P. Configuration of a natural exhaust ventilation system with standard air rates. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2020. No. 6, pp. 41–47. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-6-41-47
16. Malyavina E.G., Asatov R.R. Influence of the thermal mode of external enclosing structures on the load of the heating system during the intermittent heat supply. Academia. Arkhitectura i stroitel’stvo. 2010. No. 3, pp. 324–327.
17. Malyavina E., Lomakin A. Load on the air conditioning system in a room with non-round-the-clock working day in the warm season. E3S Web of Conferences Innovative Technologies in Environmental Science and Education (ITESE-2019). Vol. 135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913503018
18. Malyavina E., Frolova A. Influence of Solar Radiation Heat Input into Room on Level of Еconomically-efficient Thermal Protection of Building. IOP Conference. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/661/1/012077

The author considers the prerequisites for the emergence of romanticism in the architecture of cottages in seaside towns of the Chernomorskaya Guberniya of the late XIX – early XX centuries. The relevance of this work is predetermined by the insufficient study of the presented topic. The study provides a retrospective analysis of the cottages of the Bazarovs, Zinovievoy, and Kvitko. The problems of preserving the historical environment are covered, as well as romantic tendencies of architectural and construction practice in the South of Russia in the designated period, from the point of view of stylistic and compositional features of architectural objects are revealed. It is noted that the end of the XX century was a fruitful period in the development of romantic trends in the architecture of the Southern region of Russia. The authors, on the basis of archival and documentary documents necessary for research on this topic, identified a unique peculiarity of this romantic direction in the architecture of the region under consideration. It is emphasized that during this period in the architecture of coastal cottages of the Chernomorskaya Guberniya, new samples and means of architectural composition are created, elements of «castle romanticism» and «romantic modernism»are used. Special attention is paid to the preservation of architectural heritage.

A.Yu. BELOVA, architect (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.R. KURDINOVA, architect (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Southern Federal University (39, Budennovsky Avenue, Rostov-on-Don, 344082, Russian Federation)

1. Subbotin O.S. Architecture of Spa complexes in Sochi in the 30s of the XX century. Regional’nye arkhitekturno-khudozhestvennye shkoly. 2017. No. 1, pp. 159–162. (In Russan).
2. Zakharova N. Pervye doma i dachi: Putevoditel’ v arkhitekturu Sochi [First homes and cottages: a Guide to the architecture of Sochi]. Moscow: Izdatel’skie resheniya, 2018. 204 p. (In Russan).
3. Subbotin O.S. Arkhitekturno-gradostroitel’noe razvitie Kubani XVIII–XX vv. [Architectural and urban development of Kuban XVIII–XX centuries: monograph]. Krasnodar: EDVI, 2018. 368 p. (In Russan).
4. Pomorov S.B. Vtoroe zhilishche gorozhan ili dom na prirode. Urboekologicheskie aspekty evolyutsii gorodskogo zhilishcha [ The second home of citizens or a house in nature. Urban-ecological aspects of the evolution of urban housing]. Novosibirsk: NGAKhA, 2004. 472 p. (In Russan).
5. Avramenko A.M. Kuban and the Caucasus black sea region as historical and geographical regions (late XVIII – early XX century). Trudy istoricheskogo fakul’teta Sankt-Peterburskogo universiteta. 2013. No. 12, pp. 239 – 252. (In Russan).
6. Subbotin O.S. Architectural and historical aspects of villas and cottages on the black sea coast. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Constructions]. 2013. No. 11, pp. 35–38. (In Russan).
7. Vikol D.G., Zadokhina M.B. Aesthetics of romanticism and architecture of “choice”. New ideas of the new century. Proceedings of the Sixteenth International scientific conference. Khabarovsk: Tikhookean. gos. un-ta, 2016. Vol. 3, pp. 23–26. (In Russan).
8. Kosterina M.G. Modern Style as the final stage of development of the romantic era. Vestnik Altaiskoi gosudarstvennoi pedagogicheskoi akademii. 2010, No. 4, pp. 16–19. (In Russian).
9. Borisova E.A. Russkii modern [Russian modern]. Moscow: Rip-kholding, 2014. 351 p. (In Russan).
10. Tom Duggett. Gothic Romanticism: architecture, politics and literary from. BasingstokePalgrave MacMillan, 2013. 219 р. ISBN13 9781137298126.
11. He Luxi, Liu Daping. The presentation of Russian «National Romanticism» on architecture of art Nouveau. The New Ideas of New Century. The Sixteenth International Scientific Conference Proceedings. Khabarovsk: Tikhookean. gos. universitet, 2017. Vol. 1, pp. 377–386.
12. Guseva A.V. Liki starogo Sochi [Liki stargo Sochi]. Krasnodar: Platonov, 2014. 160 p. (In Russan).
13. Kuban’: ot neveroyatnogo – k ochevidnomu [Kuban: from the improbable to the obvious]. Moscow: TONCHU, 2010. 255 p.
14. Belova A.Yu., Petrusenko Yu.V. Romantizm v arkhitekture dokhodnykh home tvorchestva Nikolaya Matveevicha Sokolova. Vestnik Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta im. V.G. Shukhova. 2020. No. 1, pp. 32–40. (In Russan). DOI: https://doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2020-5-1-32-39.

The results of step-by-step reconstruction and restoration of the main building of the resort «Lake Karachi», located in the Novosibirsk region, are presented; technical and organizational measures to preserve the architectural appearance of the unique ensemble are shown in stages. Based on the results of the survey of individual elements and the entire building, a detailed plan of repair and restoration work was developed, which made it possible to realize the architects’ intent and bring the building into a reliable operational condition. The difficulties of technical and organizational work when reconstructing and restoring individual parts and decorative elements of the building are shown. Rehabilitation measures were performed under the conditions of the current medical and healing process of the resort, which left its imprint on the technical solutions and the order of works. Difficulties in implementing the project were the lack of high-quality specialists for certain types of restoration work. A special place in the article is paid to the selection of effective construction materials that can ensure the safety of the object for many years to come. Despite the difficulties of the upcoming tasks, consolidated efforts managed to recreate the original appearance of the main building of the resort, update its interiors and ensure its further operation in new and improved operating conditions.

V.F. KHRITANKOV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering),
A.P. PICHUGIN¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.V. PCHELNIKOV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering),
O.E. SMIRNOVA², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)

¹ Novosibirsk State Agrarian University (160, Dobrolyubova Street, Novosibirsk, 630039, Russian Federation)
² Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (113, Leningradskaya Street, Novosibirsk, 630008, Russian Federation)

1. Khritankov V.F., Pichugin A.P., Pimenov E.G., Smirnova O.T. Reconstruction of the architectural ensemble of the resort “Lake Karachi” in the Novosibirsk Region. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2020. No. 4–5, pp. 33–38. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-4-5-33-38.
2. Krogius V. R. Istoricheskie goroda Rossii kak fenomen ee kul’turnogo naslediya [Historical cities of Russia as a phenomenon of its cultural heritage]. Moscow: Progress-Traditsiya, 2009. 312 p.
3. Subbotin O.S. Problems of preservation of architectural and town-planning heritage in the conditions of a modern city (on the example of Krasnodar). Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 7, pp. 35–40.
4. Schenkov A.S. Rekonstruktsiya istoricheskoi zastroiki v Evrope vo vtoroi polovine XX veka: Istoriko-kul’turnye problem [Reconstruction of historical buildings in Europe in the second half of the XX century: Historical and cultural problems]. Moscow: LENAND, 2011. 280 p.
5. Dolgova V.O. The Problem of preserving architectural and landscape objects of culture and historical ice in small cities of Russia. Gradostroitel’stvo. 2013. No. 4 (26), pp. 73–77. (In Russian).
6. Granstrem M.A., Zolotareva M.V. Research of the structure of the historical building of Saint Petersburg. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 9, pp. 23–26. (In Russian).
7. Subbotin O.S., Pichugin A.P., Belan I.V. Materialy i arkhitektura maloetazhnykh zdanii, ekspluatiruemykh v osobykh prirodnykh usloviyakh [Materials and architecture of low-rise buildings operated in special natural conditions]. Novosibirsk: NGAU-RAEN, 2012. 192 p.
8. Kasyanov V.F. Rekonstruktsiya zhiloi zastroiki gorodov [Reconstruction of residential buildings in cities]. Moscow: ASV, 2005. 224 p.
9. Pichugin A.P., Hritankov V.F., Banul V.V., Kudryashov A.Yu. The Influence of nanoscale additives on the adhesive strength of protective polymer coatings. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Мaterials]. 2018. No. 1–2, pp. 39–44. (In Russian).
10. Mishin A. G., Pichugin A. P., Hritankov V. F., Denisov A. S., Kudryashov A. Yu. Features of the device and technical operation of membrane roofs in Siberia. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Мaterials]. 2018. No. 10, pp. 53–58. (In Russian).
11. Pichugin A. P., Hritankov V. F., Belan I. V. Sukhie stroitel’nye smesi s povyshennymi ekspluatatsionnymi kharakteristikami [Dry building mixes with increased performance characteristics]. Novosibirsk: Ngau-RAEN, 2014. 165 p.
12. Hritankov V.F., Pichugin A.P., Smirnova O.E., Shatalov A.A. Use of nano-dimensional additives in concrete and building solutions to ensure adhesion during repair work. Nauka o Zemle. 2019. Vol. 17. No. 1, pp. 131–140. (In Russian).
13. Pichugin A.P., Hritankov V.F., Smirnova O.E., Pimenov E.G., Nikitenko K.A. shield-finishing compositions and compositions for repair work and ensuring the longevity of buildings. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel’stvo. 2019. No. 9, pp. 109–122. (In Russian).
14. Krundyshev B. L. Architectural adaptation of residential sections for wheelchair users. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 8, pp. 35–41. (In Russian).

A retrospective analysis of historical city-forming objects built in the late XIX – first half of the XX century and destroyed during the Nazi occupation of the Krasnodar Krai in 1942–1943 is made. Their spatial-planning and artistic-aesthetic solutions based on historical and archival documents are considered. The relevance of the research of the stated topic is noted. The special importance of preserving the historical memory as a fundamental factor for the further architectural and urban development of the city, in order to properly treat the monuments of historical and cultural heritage is indicated. The preservation of this memory is a guarantee of a decent life in the future. The primary problems of the current state of architectural monuments that require their immediate solution have been identified. The practical significance of this research is the possibility of using the materials in the context of spiritual and moral education.

O.S. SUBBOTIN, Doctor Architecture, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin (13, Kalinin Street, Krasnodar, 350044, Russian Federation)

. Subbotin O.S. Problems of reconstruction of historical center of the city. Materials Science Forum. 2018. Vol. 931 MSF. С. 745–749. (In Russian).
2. Bardadym V.P. Architects of Ekaterinodar [Zodchie Ekaterinodara]. Krasnodar: Sovetskaya Kuban’, 1995. 112 p.
3. Filippova A.L. Arkhitektura Yekaterinodara kontsa XVIII – nachala XX veka [Architecture of Ekaterinodar of the late XVIII-early XX century]. Krasnodar: Prosveshchenie-Yug, 2008, 176 p.
4. Naryad moskovskikh fasadov: fotoal’bom [Outfit of Moscow facades: photo album]. Introductory article by E.I. Kirichenko. Moscow: Moscow Worker Edition, 1987. 278 p.
5. Shakhova G.S. Ulitsy Krasnodara rasskazyvayut. V Karasunskom Kute [Streets of Krasnodar tell. In Karasunskom booze]. Krasnodar: Krasnodarskii izd.-poligraf. kompleks, 2007. 196 р.
6. Bardadym V.P. Arkhitektura Ekaterinodara [Ekaterinodar’s architecture]. Krasnodar: Sovetskaya Kuban’, 2002. 256 p.
7. Portret starogo goroda. Yekaterinodar na starinnykh otkrytkakh [Portrait of the old city. Ekaterinodar on old postcards] Krasnodar: Izd. I. Platonov, 2007. 80 p.
8. Subbotin O.S. Temple architecture of Kuban and cultural loan of the slavyano-vyzantine traditions. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2012. No. 1, pp. 45–47. (In Russian).
9. Subbotin O.S. 2020 Cultural and historical potential of the urban environment (regional aspect) IOP Conference Series: (Materials Science and Engineering). 775 012036. (In Russian).
10. Subbotin O.S. Resource-saving technologies in the architecture of low-rise buildings. Vestnik MGSU. 2009. No. 4, pp. 247–249. (In Russian).
11. Mityagin S.D. Gradostroitel’stvo. Epokha peremen [Town planning. The Age of Change]. St. Petersburg: Zodchii, 2016. 280 p. (In Russian).
12. Subbotin O.S. Architectural and planning heritage of Sochi. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing construction]. 2012. No. 5, pp. 48–51. (In Russian).

Investigations results of air quality in residential and public buildings in real conditions of pollution are shown. Impurities due to addictions with inlet air, emission in room from materials and people are had taken into account. Data on outdoor air pollution in the Moscow region are used. The research shows that indoor air pollutions are mostly gas products produced by people, firstly ammonia, which also exists in outdoor air. Ammonia turns out to be an even more effective indicator of pollution than carbon dioxide, which has traditionally been considered such. With examples of different room exploitation regimes ventilation air exchange influence on air quality is shown. Thus in periods without people in room beneficially to minimize air exchange and adaptive (self-regulating) ventilation is most beneficial for rooms when the number of people in a room changes over time. The paper proposes a new air quality assessment index, which can also be used as an index of the overall negative impact on the human body from external factors (air quality, acoustic, electromagnetic and other influences). Relationships between the values of this index and the traditional complex index of air pollution with several impurities are shown.

E.V. LEVIN¹, Candidate of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.Yu. OKUNEV^{1, 2}, Candidate of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics)

¹ Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² State University of Land Use Planning (15, Kazakova Street, Moscow, 105064, Russian Federation)

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The average brightness of the building facade depends on the decoration of the building, the albedo of the underlying surface adjacent to the building, the decoration and the mutual arrangement of all buildings and structures adjacent to the building in question. At the same time, opposing buildings in a complex way affect the distribution of light currents inside the room. The article considers the relative brightness of the facade for a building located parallel to the building in the development. The calculation of the relative brightness coefficient of the facade for this case is given. The calculation of the relative brightness coefficient of the facade for this case is given. The conclusion of the coefficient of relative brightness of the facade of parallel buildings in urban U-shaped urban development presented in the article is based on the consideration of three components that affect its value: KEO component on the facade of the designed building under open sky, taking into account the reflected component from the earth’s surface; KEO component on the facade of the designed building in the development from that part of the skyline that is shielded by opposing buildings; a coefficient that takes into account the increase in natural illumination on the facade of the building due to the repeated exchange of reflected flows between the facades of the buildings and the section of the earth’s surface adjacent to the buildings. Based on formulas reflecting the method of calculating the coefficient of relative brightness of the facade of parallel buildings in a U-shaped urban development, the calculation of the average relative brightness of the facade for this type of urban development was made, and a table with its values is given.

V.A. ZEMTSOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
I.A. SHMAROV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
L.V. BRAZHNIKOVA, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.V. ZEMTSOV, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow,127238, Russian Federation)

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