The article considers a special type of objects of estate development in St. Petersburg province – distant estates of the highest nobility in the context of the formation of areas of development of this type from 1703 to 1917. A general tendency of the emergence, development and extinction of manor complexes was revealed, as well as a period of intensive manor construction characteristic of each of the distant counties. The compositional and planning features of the estates of the highest nobility are described depending on the period of their formation. Information on the socio-cultural role of the studied estates in the structure of the surrounding settlements at various stages of their existence is given.

E.Yu. SHUVAEVA¹, Candidate of Architecture (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.G. LISOVSKIY², Doctor of Art History, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
Yu.V. PUKHARENKO¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Saint-Petersburg Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya Street, Saint Petersburg 190005, Russian Federation)
² St. Petersburg Ilya Repin Academy of Arts (17, Universitetskaya Emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation)

1. Sementsov S.V., Kozyreva E.A., Shuvaeva E.Yu. Estates of the highest nobility of the St. Petersburg province as a special spatial structure of the historical St. Petersburg agglomeration. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020. No. 775. 012073. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/775/1/012073
2. Shuvaeva E.Yu. Estates of the highest nobility in the distant counties of St. Petersburg province in the XVIII – early XX centuries. Cand. Diss. (Architecture). Saint Petersburg. 2022. 168 p. (In Russian).
3. Kozyreva Е.А. Estates of the highest nobility in the territories of St. Petersburg and the neighboring counties of St. Petersburg province in the XVIII – early XX centuries. Cand. Diss. (Architecture). Saint Petersburg. 2022. 136 p. (In Russian).
4. Sementsov S.V. Urban development of St. Petersburg in the 1703–2000s. Doc. Diss. (Architecture). Saint Petersburg. 2007. 736 p. (In Russian).
5. Kozyreva Е.А. Nearby estates of the highest nobility as a phenomenon of the historical and urban life of St. Petersburg (on the example of the Ekaterinhof Park). Vestnik grazhdaskih inzhenerov. 2016. No. 1 (54), pp. 5–11. (In Russian).
6. Shukina Е.P. Podmoskovny`e usadebny`e sady` i parki koncza XVIII veka [Estate gardens and parks near Moscow at the end of the XVIII century]. Мoscow: Institute of Natural and Cultural Heritage named after. D.S. Likhachev. 2007. 384 p.
7. Guseva S.Е. Garden and park complex of rural noble estates of St. Petersburg province (typological aspect). Cand. Diss. (Architecture). Saint Petersburg. 2008. 172 p. (In Russian).
8. Akulova N. History of Holy Trinity Church in Pyataya Gora homestead of Tsarskoselsky County and choice of method of its restoration. Architecture and Engineering. 2016. Vol. 1. No. 3, pp. 3–13.
9. Barsova I.V. Manor parks of the Leningrad region and the principles of their use. Cand. Diss. (Architecture). Leningrad. 1971. 221 p. (In Russian).
10. Guseva S.Е. Alleys in the estates of St. Petersburg province. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitelstvo. 2007. No. 7, pp. 49–50. (In Russian).
11. Shuvaeva Е.Yu. Compositional and planning features of the estates of the highest nobility located in the distant counties of the St. Petersburg province. Urbanistika. 2021. No. 4, pp. 20–34. (In Russian).
12. Nashokina М.V. Russian Manor Park: phenomenology, problems of conservation and propaganda. Russkaya usad’ba. 2015. Vol. 20 (36), pp. 584–598. (In Russian).
13. Murashova N.V. Sto dvoryanskix usadeb Sankt-Peterburgskoj gubernii [One hundred noble estates of St. Petersburg province]. Saint Petersburg: Vybor. 2005. 399 p.
14. Murashova N.V., Myslina L.P. Dvoryanskie usad’by Sankt-Peterburgskoy gubernii. Volosovskiy raion [Noble estates of the St. Petersburg province. Volosovsky district]. Saint Petersburg: Avrora. 2020. 624 p.
15. Murashova N.V., Myslina L.P. Dvoryanskie usad’by Sankt-Peterburgskoy gubernii. Yuzhnoe Priladozh’e. Kirovskiy i Volxovskiy rajony [Noble estates of the St. Petersburg province. Southern Ladoga region. Kirovsky and Volkhovsky districts]. Saint Petersburg: Alaborg. 2009. 368 p.
16. Shuvaeva E.Y. Features of the formation of distant estates of the highest nobility on the territory of the Yamburgsky district of St. Petersburg province. Vestnik of the Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov. 2021. No. 3, pp. 87–96. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2021-6-3-87-96

Low-rise timber buildings are an important part of Arctic cities. This is due to a number of factors: the traditions of using wood in construction, accessibility and simplicity, mastery of the technology of processing wood as a building material, the ability to quickly construct buildings from ready-made elements, high thermal qualities of wood. The modern emergency low-rise wooden building fund has discredited itself, which has led to an increase in the construction of capital multi-apartment buildings using technologies from cities in central Russia. Currently, economics, ecology, and the development of modern technologies dictate the need to revive low-rise wooden residential buildings at a new qualitative level, including the development of a new typology of residential buildings that meet the diverse modern requirements of the population of Arctic cities.

F.V. PEROV, Candidate of Architecture, Docent (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
R.A. MANGUSHEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
T.A. DATSYUK, Doctor of Sciences(Engineering), Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
S.A.BOLOTIN, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya Street, Saint Petersburg 190005, Russian Federation)

1. Перов Ф.В., Лобанов Ю.Н. Воркута. Архитектурное наследие советских городов Арктики // Перспективы науки. № 3 (150). 2022. С. 317–321.
1. Perov F.V., Lobanov Y.N. Vorkuta. Architectural heritage of the Soviet cities of the Arctic. Perspektivy nauki. 2022. No. 3 (150), pp. 317–321. (In Russian).
2. Деттер Г.Ф., Лёвкина А.О. Арктические города России на пути к умной устойчивости // Арктика. Экология и экономика. 2023. Т. 13. № 2. C. 180–187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25283/2223-4594-2023-3
2. Detter G.F., Levkina A.O. Arctic cities of Russia on the way to smart sustainability. Arktika. Ekologiya i ekonomika. 2023. Vol. 13. No. 2, pp. 180–187. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25283/2223-4594-2023-3
3. Сологуб Л.П., Черкасова И.Ю. Отечественный исторический опыт возведения мобильных зданий в труднодоступных районах // Научный вестник Воронежского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета. Сер.: Высокие технологии. Экология. 2016. № 1. С. 93–95.
3. Sоlogub L.P., Cherkasova I.Y. Domestic historical experience of the construction of mobile buildings in hard-to-reach areas. Nauchnuy vestnik of the Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Series: High technology. Ecology. 2016. No. 1, pp. 93–95. (In Russian).
4. Ивашкина И.В., Ли М.Ю. Климатические вызовы: лучшие мировые практики успешных городов // Архитектура и строительство России. 2023. № 2.
4. Ivashkina I.V., Li M.Y. Climate challenges: the best world practices of successful cities. Arhitektura i stroitel’stvo Rossii. 2023. No. 2. (In Russian).
5. Еремеева А.Ф. Особенности туристической инфраструктуры в Российской Арктике. Проблематика и потенциал развития // Системные технологии. 2022. № 2 (43). С. 68–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55287/22275398-2022-2-68
5. Eremeeva A.F. Features of the tourist infrastructure in the Russian Arctic. Problems and development potential. Sistemnye tekhnologii. 2022. No. 2 (43), pp. 68–74. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.55287/22275398-2022-2-686
6. Перов Ф.В. Архитектура крипто-климатических комплексов для городов Арктики // Системные технологии. 2022. № 3 (44). С. 153–160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55287/22275398_3_153
6. Perov F.V. Architecture of cryptoclimatic complexes for Arctic cities. Sistemnye tekhnologii. 2022. No. 3 (44), pp. 153–160. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.55287/22275398_3_153
7. Благодетелева О.М. Криптоклиматическая застройка // Архитектура и строительство России. 2016. № 4 (220). С. 111–112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55394-2016-4-111
7. Blagodeteleva O.M. Cryptoclimatic building. Arhitektura i stroitel’stvo Rossii. 2016. No. 4 (220), pp. 111–112. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.55394-2016-4-111
8. Поддаева O. Моделирование снеговых нагрузок на крыши уникальных зданий // Архитектура и инженерия. 2023. Т. 8. № 4. C. 34–46.
8. Poddaeva O. Modeling of Snow Loads on Roofs of Unique Buildings. Arhitektura i inzheneriya. 2023. Vol. 8. No. 3, pp. 53–59. (In Russian).
9. Соколов Н.С., Соколов С.Н., Соколов А.Н. Мелкозернистый бетон как конструкционный строительный материал буроинъекционных свай ЭРТ // Строительные материалы. 2017. № 5. С. 16–19.
9. Sokolov N.S., Sokolov S.N., Sokolov A.N. Fine-grained concrete as a structural building material of drilling piles ERT. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 5, pp. 16–19. (In Russian).
10. Каменев И.В. Верификация математической модели деформированного состояния цилиндрических СLT-панелей // Вестник гражданских инженеров. 2023. № 3 (98). C. 25–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2023-20-3-25-32
10. Kamenev I.V. Verification of the mathematical model of the deformed state of cylindrical SLT panels. Vestnik grazhdanskih inzhenerov. 2023. No. 3 (98), pp. 25–32. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2023-20-3-25-32

The experience of preservation and development of small historical settlements is considered. It’s about ethnographic museums-reserves, open-air architecture museums, ethnoparks, architectural and ethnographic museums, etc. Using the examples of these objects, the approaches and solutions used in their formation and development are revealed. A review of theoretical works on the topic of the publication is carried out. The obtained results of the analysis are presented in the form of a systematized table, which provides brief information about the object, as well as techniques, methods, approaches and solutions used in the conservation and development of these objects and which can be used in the development of the concept of regeneration of small historical settlements. The final part provides a description of all the techniques, methods, approaches and solutions identified as a result of the analysis.

A.V. BERGMAN¹, Architect (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
M.S. STIEGLITZ², Doctor of Architecture, Professor, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
Y.V. PUKHARENKO¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.G. LISOVSKIY³, Doctor of Art History, Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya Street, Saint Petersburg 190005, Russian Federation)
² St. Saint Petersburg Stieglitz State Academy of Art and Design (13, Solyanoy Lane, Saint Petersburg, 191028, Russian Federation)
³ St Petersburg Repin Academy of Fine Arts (17, Universitetskaya embankment, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation)

1. Bergman A.V. On the issue of the formation of a historical and cultural framework of small historical settlements on the coastal territories of the Don River in the Rostov region. Vestnik grazhdanskikh inzhenerov. 2023. No. 4 (99), pp. 5–19. (In Russian). DOI: 10.23968/1999-5571-2023-20-4-5-19
2. Panukhin P.V. Catherine ii’s “Midday voyage” and ledy’s Craven contrvoyage in the context of positioning Crimea and Novorossiya as the central spaces of the “greek project”. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2023. No. 3, pp. 62–69. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2023-3-62-69
3. Aldohdar H.N. The role of heritage tourism in preserving historical buildings in Palestine (case study of the Pasha’s palace, Gaza). Architecture and Engineering. 2020. Vol. 5. No. 2, pp. 3–7.
4. Mekonnen H., Bires Z., Berhanu K. Practices and challenges of cultural heritage conservation in historical and religious heritage sites: evidence from North Shoa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Heritage Science. 2022. No. 10 (172). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-022-00802-6
5. Bergman A.V. Small historical settlements: experience of preservation and development. Modern problems of history and theory of architecture: Collection materials of the VIII All-Russian scientific-practical chesical conference. Saint Petersburg: SPbGASU. 2023. Vol. 1, pp. 25–31. (In Russian).
6. Ushakov Yu.S. Ansambl’ v narodnom zodchestve russkogo Severa (prostranstvennaya organizatsiya kompozitsionnye priemy, vospriyatie). [Ensemble in folk architecture of the Russian North (spatial organization, compositional techniques, perception)]. Leningrad: Stroyizdat, 1982. 168 p.
7. Gel’fond A.L. The concept of forming potential spatial frameworks of historical settlements. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2019. No. 1, pp. 26–34. (in Russian).
8. Lisitsyna A.V. Level historical and cultural frameworks of small and medium-sized cities in the region (on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod Volga region). Privolzhskiy nauchnyi zhurnal. 2022. No. 3 (63), pp. 115–121. (In Russian).
9. Esaulov G.V. Arkhitektura Yuga Rossii: ot istorii k sovremennosti. Ocherki [Architecture of the South of Russia: from history to modernity. Essays] Moscow: Arkhitektura-S. 2016. 568 p.
10. Lazarev A.G., Kirillov A.A., Sokol’skiy E.A. Pravoslavnoe zodchestvo donskogo kraya [Orthodox architecture of the Don region]. Rostov-na-Donu: AO «Rostovkniga». 2016. 200 p.
11. Shevchenko E.A. Ob istoricheskikh poseleniyakh, nedvizhimykh ob”ektakh naslediya i gradostroitel’nykh problemakh okhrany naslediya [About historical settlements, immovable heritage sites and urban planning problems of heritage protection]. Saint Petersburg: ZAO «Izdatel’stvo «ZODChII». 2018. 367 p.
12. Shevchenko E.A. On a paradigm shift in the protection of the historical and cultural heritage of Russia. Architecture: heritage, traditions and innovations: Collection of articles of the IV International Scientific Conference. Moscow. 2022, p. 4. (In Russian).
13. Shevchenko E.A. Historical settlement as an integral object of historical and cultural heritage, evidence of the sustainable development of a settlement. Sustainable development of territories: Collection of reports of the III International Scientific and Practical Conference. Moscow State University of Civil Engineering. Moscow, 26–27 May. MSUCE. 2021, pp. 131–133. (In Russian).
14. Shevchenko E.A. What is actually recorded as a historical settlement. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2020. No. 2, pp. 107–112. (In Russian). DOI: 10.22337/2077-9038-2020-2-107-112
15. Zaitseva A.I. Models of using objects of historical and cultural heritage in excursion and educational tourism. SibSkript. 2015. No. 2–7 (62), pp. 78–81. (In Russian).

To ensure the deadlines for the implementation of the Moscow housing stock renovation program, it is fundamentally important to use an up-to-date model for the implementation of the program. The presented article is devoted to the development of methods for assessing the dynamics of the duration of the processes of resettlement of residents and demolition of evicted houses under the renovation program. As a solution to this problem, the use of a time series estimation method is proposed. The purpose of the study was to identify quantitative changes in the values of the average duration of the processes of resettlement and demolition of apartment buildings during the implementation of the renovation program, the development and approbation of algorithms for their calculation. In case of positive experience in the application of the developed methodology, it can be extended to use in the study of the dynamics of other processes in the renovation program. Including when assessing the duration of construction of new houses.

S.A. SEMENOV^1,2, Deputy General Director, Postgraduate student of the Department of Technology and Organization of Construction Production (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.B. GRISHUTIN¹, Head of the Department for Implementation of Information Systems and Scientific Research Results (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Research and Design Center «City Development» (19, structure 3, Mira Avenue, Moscow, 129090, Russian Federation)
² National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Sobyanin S.S. Report on the results of the activities of the Moscow Government. Website of the Moscow City Duma. https://dep.duma.mos.ru/news/22334 (date of access 10.01.2024). (In Russian).
2. Kyevskiy L.V., Kyevskiy I.L. Teoriya renovatsii [Renovation theory]. Moscow: Stolitsa. 2023. 527 p.
3. Resin V.I., Valuy A.A. Renovation program as an effective mechanism for urban development of Moscow. Promyshlennoye i grazhdanskoye stroitel’stvo. 2022. No. 11, pp. 4–8. (In Russian).
4. Kievskiy L.V. A mathematical model of renovation. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 1–2, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
5. Kievskiy L.V., Semenov S.A., Grishutin I.B., Mina-kov S.S. Methods of network planning and management in the implementation of territory planning projects. Promyshlennoye i grazhdanskoye stroitel’stvo. 2019. No. 8, pp. 49–54. (In Russian).
6. Greshilov A.A., Stakun V.A., Stakun A.A. Mathematical methods for constructing forecasts. Moscow: Radio i svyaz’. 1997. 112 p.
7. Argunov S.V., Semenov S.A., Argunov Y.S. Integrated methodology for forecasting an enlarged cost schedule for large-scale urban projects. Promyshlennoye i grazhdanskoye stroitel’stvo. 2022. No. 11, pp. 38–44. (In Russian).

Currently, urban agriculture (UA) is considered as one of the strategic factors of the integrated sustainable development of Ho Chi Minh City, but the urban land fund for agricultural purposes in this city is insignificant. Since 2005, the concept of a continuous Productive urban landscape (CPL- Continuous Productive Urban Landscape) has been proposed, which can be used for the development of urban agriculture. The article mentions the possibility of applying CPUL as an important direction for territorial development in Ho Chi Minh City, in which the sizes of urban green landscapes used for urban agriculture can be increased. The article presents the main components of these landscapes in Ho Chi Minh City.

TO NGOC MAI NGA, Graduate student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
G.E. RUSANOV, Doctor of Architecture (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.I. VOLKOV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya Street, Saint Petersburg 190005, Russian Federation)

1. Bohn K., Viljoen A. Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes: urban agriculture as an essential infrastructure. Urban agriculture magazine. 2005. No. 15, pp. 34–36.
2. Bohn K., Viljoen A. More space with less space: An urban design strategy. In Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes. 2012. Routledge, pp. 10–16.
3. Gambassi R. Reading a landscape. Architecture and Engineering. 2017 No. 2 (1), pp. 3–23.
4. Mougeot L. J. Urban agriculture: Definition, presence, potentials and risks, and policy challenges. Cities feeding people series. 2000. rept. 31.
5. Фёдоров О.П., Мухамедзянова А.Р., Черникова Д.А. Типология объемно-пространственных решений городских ферм в современном мегаполисе // Вестник гражданских инженеров. 2020. № 1. С. 53–61.
5. Fedorov O.P., Mukhametzyanova A.R., Chernikova D.A. Typology of spatial solutions of urban farms in a modern megalopolis. Vestnik graghdanskih inghenerov. 2020. No. 1, pp. 53–61.(In Russian).
6. Diaz J. P. UPA in Cuba: On recent developments. In Second Nature Urban Agriculture. 2014. Routledge, pp. 264–264.
7. Цин Ся. Архитектурно-ландшафтная специфика рекреационной среды Китая в традициях и новациях современности // Жилищное строительство. 2019. № 1–2. С. 52–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-1-2-52-57
7. Qing Xia. Architectural and landscape specifics of the recreational environment of Сhina in the traditions and novations of modernity. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 1–2, pp. 52–57. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-1-2-52-57

The article is devoted to the problems of the formation of public buildings in the Republic of Yemen at the present stage. North Yemen has been isolated from global development for many years, which has affected the organization of public infrastructure serving the population. Yemen has a widespread traditional way of life, which has been formed in the country for thousands of years, but in recent decades it has begun to change as a result of cultural interaction with other countries of the world. The article hypothesizes that the formation of public buildings is influenced by the socio-cultural characteristics of the dominant user group. To confirm this hypothesis, an analysis of models of the organization of public life of the population of the Yemeni capital, Sanaa, which is divided into three main groups: the indigenous population of the city, Yemenis who came from other cities and settlements, as well as emigrants – foreign citizens from other countries. The socio-urban planning analysis of Sanaa showed the predominant areas of residence of these population groups, in which the analysis of the features of the functional and spatial organization of public infrastructure was carried out. Objects with functions related to immutable types of activities related to the life support of the population (education, healthcare, consumer services, trade) and objects with leisure functions (cultural, sports and recreation, tourism) are considered. The revealed patterns between the characteristics of a population group and the corresponding functional and spatial solutions of public infrastructure facilities are the result of the article and can be used to more effectively develop new types of public buildings for various districts of Sanaa.

A.S.M. ALSIKH, post-graduate student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.F. EREMEEVA, Candidate of Architecture (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
F.V. PEROV, Candidate of Architecture,
S.A. BOLOTIN, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Saint-Petersburg Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya Street, Saint Petersburg 190005, Russian Federation)

1. Mukimova S.R. The foundations of the formation of public and religious buildings in Central Asia of the ancient era. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2009. No. 2, pp. 55–58. (In Russian).
2. Kirichenko V. The political crisis in Yemen: socio-economic, tribal and religious factors. Rossiya i musul’manskii mir. 2014. No. 8 (266), pp. 160–167. (In Russian).
3. Al-Fakri O.A. Planning of the old city of Sanaa. (Republic of Yemen). Vestnik MSUCE. 2011. No. 1. Vol. 2, pp. 13–18. (In Russian).
4. Al Selvi A.A. Public buildings of Old and New Sanaa (continuity of generations and traditions). Vestnik of the Irkutsk State Technical University. 2012. No. 9 (68), pp. 82–89. (In Russian).
5. Al Selvi A.A. The influence of ethnocultural traditions on the formation of neighborhoods in Sanaa (the capital of Yemen). Vestnik of the Irkutsk State Technical University. 2012. No. 8 (67), pp. 86–91. (In Russian).
6. Dakhil H. Identification of the strategy for the development of the embankment of small towns in Syria using SWOT analysis. Vestnik grazhdanskih inzhenerov. 2023. No. 5 (100), pp. 5–12. (In Russian). DOI: https:// doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2023-20-5-5-12
7. Nura B.H., Salahaddin Y.B. Habermas model and aesthetic preference evaluation of house facades: insights from Erbil City. Arhitektura i inzheneriya. 2023. Vol. 8. № 4, pp. 34–46. (In Russian). DOI: https:// doi.org/ 10.23968/2500-0055-2023-8-4-34-46
8. Elsheshtawy Y. Planning Middle Eastern Cities. An urban kaleidoscope in globalizing world. London – New York: Routledge. 2009. 224 p.
9. Khallaf A. Conditions for the formation of public centers in the context of the city. Innovacionnaya nauka. 2019. No. 3, pp. 173–177. (In Russian).
10. Ali Bakil H.N., Al Mahdi A.T. Regional aspects of the crisis in the Republic of Yemen. Vestnik MGLU. Obshchestvennye nauki. 2019. Iss. 1 (834), pp. 144–151. (In Russian).
11. Abdelkafi M.R. Effectiveness of community centers in Yemen: analysis of world models. Journal of International Studies. 2023. No. 28 (2), pp. 189–208.
12. Alsikh A.S.M. Fundamentals of the formation of a business tourism complex with a sports function in the city of Al-Mukalla (Republic of Yemen). Actual problems of subsoil use. Materials of the XIX All-Russian Conference-Competition of Students and Postgraduates. 2021. Vol. 6, pp. 218–220. (In Russian).
13. Alsikh A.S.M. Tourism in the Republic of Yemen: prospects for infrastructure development. Engineering: Materials of the III International Scientific and Practical Conference within the framework of the 20th International Scientific and Technical Conference of BNTU Science – education, production and Economics. December 01–02, 2022. Minsk: BNTU. 2022, pp. 24–27. (In Russian).
14. Alsikh A.S.M. Directions of formation of modern hotels in the Republic of Yemen based on the analysis of world experience. Materials of the VII International full-time scientific and practical conference of young scientists and students at the Donbass National Academy of Construction and Architecture. 2023, pp. 163–167. (In Russian).
15. Eremeeva A.F. Public spaces in the structure of a multifunctional complex: modern trends in organization. Vestnik grazhdanskih inzhenerov. 2020. No. 4 (81), pp. 5–12. (In Russian).

The purpose of the study is to identify the main types of tourism of the tourist and recreational cluster of the Murmansk region, to consider the main factors influencing the formation of the direction of tourism infrastructure and to identify problems in the field of tourism development of the Kola Peninsula. Based on a comparison of functional blocks, the article examines approaches to the design of Arctic tourism complexes using the example of the northern parts of Scandinavian countries with similar climatic conditions of the Murmansk region. Identification of the features of Arctic territories that have characteristic natural, climatic and social features that influence the development of the tourism sector. Sub-clusters of the Murmansk region are characterized in terms of developing types of tourism, the number of accommodation facilities, and statistical data on tourist flows. The development of transport infrastructure, which plays a major role in the development of tourism on the Kola Peninsula, is considered. As part of the study, the largest and most popular tourist complexes in the Murmansk region were identified and analyzed.

Ya.V. ELIZAROVA, Post-graduate Student, Senior Lecturer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
F.V. PEROV, Candidate of Architecture, Docent (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
T.A. DATSYUK, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor(This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
R.A. MANGUSHEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Saint-Petersburg Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya Street, Saint Petersburg 190005, Russian Federation)

1. Noeva E.E. Arctic tourism: international and national aspects, problems and features of development. Arctic XXI century. Humanitarian sciences. 2022. No. 3 (29), pp. 35–59. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25587/SVFU.2022.68.59.003
2. Bertosh A.A. Features of the formation of the Arctic direction of tourism in Russia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries (on the example of the Kola North). Genesis: istoricheskiye issledovaniya: scientific Internet-journal. 2023. No. 4, pp. 19–29. (In Russian). DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2023.4.40548
3. Ivolga A., Trukhachev A., Elfimova Yu. Innovative growth of tourist destinations in the Russian Arctic: challenges to sustainable development. Handbook of research on international cooperation, economic development and sustainability in the Arctic. 2019, pp. 245–269. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6954-1.ch012
4. Eremeeva A.F. Experience in the development of business tourism centers. Main stages. Vestnik grazhdanskikh inzhenerov. 2018. No. 5 (70), pp. 5–13. (In Russian). DOI: 10.23968/1999-5571-2018-15-5-5-13
5. Kuklina M.V., Galtaeva A.L. Prospects for the development of Arctic tourism. Molodezhnyy vestnik ­IRGTU. 2020. Vol. 10. No. 2, рр. 74–79. (In Russian).
6. Datsyuk Т.А. Forecasting the environmental situation when designing buildings. Arkhitektura i inzheneriya. 2016. No. 1, Iss. 2, pp. 19–22. (In Russian).
7. Demyanenko D.A. Analysis of the state of the environment in the Murmansk region. Current problems and prospects for the development of state statistics in modern conditions: Collection of reports of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Saratov. 2020. Vol. 1, рр. 66–69. (In Russian).
8. Semenov V.A. Tourist and recreational potential and tourist image of the Murmansk region. Mezhdunarodnyy nauchno-issledovatel’skiy zhurnal. 2023. No. 2 (128), pp. 59. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.23670/IRJ.2023.128.59
9. Zhagina S.N. Problemy i perspektivy razvitiya turisticheskikh klasterov v arkticheskoy zone Rossii na primere Murmanskoy oblasti. V kn.: Nauki o Zemle i tsivilizatsiya [Problems and prospects for the development of tourism clusters in the Arctic zone of Russia using the example of the Murmansk region. In the book: Earth Sciences and Civilization]. Saint Petersburg: Herzen University. 2021, pp. 136–140.
10. Sevastyanov D.V. Arctic tourism in the Barents Sea region: current state and boundaries of the possible. Arktika i Sever. 2020. No. 39, pp. 26–36. (In Russian). DOI:10.37482/issn2221-2698.2020.39.26
11. Eremeeva A.F. Environment-forming elements of the tourist cluster in the Arctic region. Izvestiya of higher educational institutions. Construction. 2023. No. 6, pp. 76–87. (In Russian). DOI: 10.32683/0536-1052-2023-774-6-76-87
12. Loguntsova I.V. Features of tourism development in the Arctic zone of Russia. Gosudarstvennoye upravleniye. Elektronnyy vestnik: scientific online journal. 2021. No. 87, pp. 39–47. (In Russian). DOI: 10.24412/2070-1381-2021-87-39-47
13. Seliverstov S. et al. On building the architecture of the intelligent transportation system in the Arctic region.Transportation Research Procedia. 2021. Vol. 57, pp. 603–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.09.089
14. Perov F.V. Architecture of crypto-climatic complexes for Arctic cities. Sistemnyye tekhnologii. 2022. No. 3 (44). (In Russian). DOI: 10.55287/22275398_2022_3_153
15. Elizarova Y.V. Potential for the development of tourism infrastructure in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Current problems of modern construction. Saint Petersburg. 2020. Vol. 1, pp. 17–24. (In Russian).
16. Elizarova Ya.V. Tourist complexes in the settlement system of the Russian Arctic. Sovremennyye problemy arkhitektury i stroitel’stva. 2021. No. 2, pp. 20–25. (In Russian).

The author’s proposals dedicated to the optimization of the design process, considering the specific requirements determined by the natural and climatic conditions of the Far North and the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are disclosed. The authors rely on two methodological approaches: optimization of urban planning policy, on the one hand, and revision of the typology of residential and public buildings for the conditions of the Arctic and the Far North, on the other. The authors have developed and are actively promoting the basic principles of “green architecture” (the buffer principle, the community principle, the compensation principle, the principle of nature-likeness and the principle of vertical transfer). The main objective of this article is to put forward, develop and develop the concept of “thermal zoning”, which inherits the productive typological ideas of the Soviet period. It is shown how the scientific developments of the authors are tested in experimental and competitive design. In addition, specific proposals have been put forward to improve the urban development policy of the Arctic and create a new body that will optimize the activities of designers for the sustainable development of the architectural environment of Arctic cities and settlements.

A.V. MERENKOV¹, Candidate of Architecture, Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
Yu.S. YANKOVSKAYA², Doctor of Architecture, Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Ural State University of Architecture and Arts (23, K.Liebknecht Street, Ekaterinburg, 620075, Russian Federation)
² Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya Street, Saint Petersburg 190005, Russian Federation)

1. Yankovskaya Yu.S., Merenkov A.V. Architectural concepts of urban planning policy. Arhitektura i stroitel’stvo Rossii. 2021. No. 3 (239), pp. 42–46. (In Russian).
2. Merenkov A.V., Yankovskaya Yu.S., Akchurina N.S., Matveeva T.M. Implementation of the principles of “green” architecture in foreign design practice. Architecton: news from universities. 2018. No. 4 (64), pp. 6. (In Russian).
3. Yankovskaya Yu.S., Merenkov A.V. «Zelenaya arhitektura» i ustojchivoe razvitie zhiloj sredy sovremennogo goroda [«Green architecture» and sustainable development of the living environment of a modern city]. Saint Petersburg: SPbGASU, 2020. 165 p.
4. Merenkov A.V., Yankovskaya Yu.S. Experimental design experience in the context of «green architecture». Architecton: news from universities. 2021. No. 1 (73), pp. 5. (In Russian).
5. Merenkov A.V., Yankovskaya Yu.S. Zelenaya arhitektura. Formirovanie zhiloj sredy [Green architecture. Formation of the living environment]. Saint Petersburg: lan’. 2023. 84 p.
6. Putincev E.P. Integrated concept of northern urban development: I climatic region of the country. Doct. Diss. (Architecture). Moscow. 2005. 301 p. (In Russian).
7. Turalysov K.G. The concept of urban development of the northern region in extreme climatic conditions (using the example of the Arctic zone of Yakutia – the habitat of the peoples of the North) Doct. Diss. (Architecture). Moscow. 1997. 167 p. (In Russian).
8. Petuhova E. Aleksandr Shipkov. Seriya: master sovetskogo modernizma [Alexander Shipkov. Series: master of Soviet modernism]. Saint Petersburg: ­TATLIN. 2021. 132 p.
9. Poluy M.B. Arhitektura i gradostroitel’stvo v surovom klimate (ekologicheskie aspekty) [Architecture and urban planning in harsh climates (environmental aspects)]. Leningrad: Stroyizdat. 1989. 300 p.
10. Saxon R. Atriumnye zdaniya [Atrium buildings]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1987. 138 p.
11. Vaytens A.G., Mityugin S.D., Yankovskaya Yu.S. Problems of training personnel for architectural and urban planning activities in the master’s program of leading Russian architectural schools. Vestnik grazhdanskih inzhenerov. 2018. No. 5 (70), pp. 222–228. (In Russian). DOI: 10.23968/1999-5571-2018-15-5-222-228
12. Zhivotov D., Latuta V. Using geodesic domes wood and thermoplastics for rotation camps in the Arctic and Northern territories. Architecture and Engineering. 2020. Vol. 5. No. 3, pp. 22–28.
13. Yankovskaya Yu.S., Lebedeva E.N., Lobanov Yu.P. Natural, climatic and environmental aspects in architectural and urban planning and research of the living environment. Vestnik grazhdanskih inzhenerov. 2020. No. 5 (82), pp. 49–58. (In Russian). DOI: 10.23968/1999-5571-2020-17-5-49-58
14. Remizov A.N., Egoriev P.O. Eco-sustainable view on integration of innovation technologies in construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 5, pp. 17–24. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-4-17-24
15. Grebmeier J.M., Maslowski W. The pacific Arctic region ecosystem status and trends in a rapidly changing environment. New York: Springer. 2014. 450 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8863-2

The modern approach to the definition of urbanized regions as innovative forms of space organization at the macro-regional level is considered. The concept of urban regional town planning presented in the article identifies two main types of urbanized regions: «supranational» and «national». The importance of targeted urban planning and management of national urban regions is emphasized in order to increase the effectiveness of territorial management, strengthen national security and economic sustainability of the country. Promising objects of urba-regional strategizing and planning in Russia are outlined.

M.E. MONASTYRSKAYA, Candidate of Architecture, Docent (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
O.A. PESLYAK, Candidate of Architecture, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, 2nd Krasnoarmeiskaya Street, 190005, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation)

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2. Shvets I.Yu. Spatial and temporal patterns of agglomeration development. Ekonomika stroitel’stva i prirodopol’zovaniya. 2020. No. 4 (77), pp. 107–115. (In Russian).
3. Монастырская М.Е. «Урборегиональное строительство» как потенциальный вектор достижения стратегической цели пространственного развития Российской Федерации // Градостроительство и архитектура. 2022. Т. 12. № 1 (46). С. 41–52.
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4. Монастырская М.Е., Песляк О.А. Урбанизированные регионы Балтики как актуальные и перспективные объекты стратегического планирования // Архитектура и современные информационные технологии. 2020. № 4 (53). С. 249–265.
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