AbstractAbout AuthorsReferences
The increased interest of investors to the territories of Kronstadt makes the risk of the city identity impairment more and more justified. Local communities note that the development of Kotlin Island as a tourist center may distroy the cultural and social landscape of Kronstadt. All transformations are proposed within the framework of the concept of “sustainable development”. However, how many of such transformations Kronstadt can afford to keep its integrity? The man-made landscape of Kotlin Island and forts, a unique defensive system that has protected St. Petersburg since 1704 are becoming increasingly vulnerable as Kronstadt finds itself in the focus of investment projects. In this regard, studying the specifics of the formation of Kronstadt and the Kronstadt forts seems very relevant.
M.A. GRANSTREM, Candidate of Architecture, Associate Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya Street, Saint Petersburg 190005, Russian Federation)
1. Розова О.И., Гранстрем М.А. Социокультурное программирование как метод разработки концепции ревитализации территории (на примере Кронштадта) // Системные технологии. 2023. № 3 (48). С. 242–249. EDN: PPPXSG. https://doi.org/10.55287/22275398_2023_3_242
1. Rozova O.I., Granstrem M.A. Sociocultural programming as a method for developing a concept for revitalizing a territory (using Kronstadt as an example) Sistemnye tekhnologii. 2023. No. 3 (48), pp. 242–249. (In Russian). EDN: PPPXSG. https://doi.org/10.55287/22275398_2023_3_242
2. Гранстрем М.А. Принципы сохранения устойчивых элементов архитектурно-планировочной структуры территорий исторических промзон // Перспективы науки. 2022. № 3 (150). С. 218–222. EDN: QTQAWJ
2. Granstrem M.A. Principles of preserving sustainable elements of the architectural planning structure of the territories of historical industrial zones. Perspektivy nauki. 2022. No. 3 (150), pp. 218–222. (In Russian). EDN: QTQAWJ
3. Монастырская М.Е. Закономерности морфотипологической трансформации крупных приморских агломераций Балтии: гипотезы исследования // Вестник гражданских инженеров. 2015. № 1 (48). С. 43–48. EDN: TQKGOJ
3. Monastyrskaya M.E. Patterns of morphotypological transformation of large coastal agglomerations of the Baltic: research hypotheses. Vestnik grazhdanskih inzhenerov. 2015. No. 1 (48), pp. 43–48. (In Russian). EDN: TQKGOJ
4. Гранстрем М.А. Формирование архитектурно-планировочной структуры Кронштадта: Купеческая гавань. Проблемы истории и теории архитектуры. Сборник материалов VIII Всероссийской научно-практической конференции. СПб., 2023. С. 56–62. EDN: JZGKPY
4. Granstrem M.A. Formation of the architectural planning structure of Kronstadt: Merchant Harbor. Problems of the history and theory of architecture. Collection of materials of the VIII All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. Saint-Petersburg. 2023, pp. 56–62. (In Russian). EDN: JZGKPY
5. Гранстрем М.А. Формирование природно-искусственного ландшафта вдоль южной береговой линии Кронштадта в ХVIII–XIX вв. // Системные технологии. 2022. № 3 (44). С. 121–127. EDN: UTOIQE. https://doi.org/10.55287/22275398_2022_3_121
5. Granstrem M.A. Formation of natural and artificial landscape along the southern coastline of Kronstadt in the 18th-19th centuries. Sistemnye tekhnologii. 2022. No. 3 (44), pp. 121–127. (In Russian). EDN: UTOIQE. https://doi.org/10.55287/22275398_2022_3_121
6. Гранстрем М.А. Начальные этапы освоения южной береговой линии острова Котлин // Градостроительство и архитектура. 2023. Т. 13. № 4. С. 83–89. EDN: QZXXDP.
https://doi.org/10.17673/Vestnik.2023.04.11
6. Granstrem M.A. Initial stages of development of the southern coastline of Kotlin Island. Gradostroitelstvo i arhitectura. 2023. Vol. 13. No. 4, pp. 83–89. (In Russian). EDN: QZXXDP.
https://doi.org/10.17673/Vestnik.2023.04.11
7. Штиглиц М.С. Промышленная архитектура Санкт-Петербурга XVIII – первой половины XX в.: Историко-культурные проблемы: Дис. ... д-ра архитектуры. СПб., 2002. 358 с.
7. Shtiglic M.S. Industrial architecture of St. Petersburg in the 18th – first half of the 20th century: Historical and cultural issues. Doctor Diss. (Architecture). Saint-Peterburg, 2002. 358 p. (In Russian).
8. Гранстрем М.А., Золотарева М.В. Исследование структуры исторической застройки Санкт-Петербурга // Жилищное строительство. 2014. № 11. С. 23–27. EDN: SYQKNX
8. Granstrem M.A., Zolotareva M.V. Research of the structure of historical development of St. Petersburg. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 11, рp. 23–27. (In Russian). EDN: SYQKNX
9. Гранстрем М.А. К вопросу сохранения объемно-пространственных характеристик исторической промышленной среды Петербурга // Жилищное строительство. 2019. № 1–2. С. 35–38. EDN YYTERF. https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-1-2-35-38
9. Granstrem M.A. On the issue of preserving the volumetric-spatial characteristics of the historical industrial environment of St. Petersburg. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 1–2, рp. 35–38. (In Russian). EDN YYTERF. https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-1-2-35-38
10. Belova D. Preserving identity of historical environments in Siberia: a critical literature review. Architecture and Engineering. 2021. Vol. 1. No. 4, рр. 3–13. EDN: IIZXDZ. https://doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-4-03-13
11. Гашенко А.Е. Архитектурно-градостроительная морфология как предмет системных исследований: элементный аспект // Вестник гражданских инженеров. 2015. № 6 (53). С. 7. EDN: VKDUFZ
11. Gashenko A.E. Architectural and urban planning morphology as a subject of systemic research: elemental aspect. Vestnik grazhdanskih inzhenerov. 2015. No. 6 (53), рр. 7. (In Russian). EDN: VKDUFZ
12. Gambassi R. Identity of modern architecture in historical city environments. Architecture and Engineering. 2016. Vol. 1. No. 2, рр. 27–42. EDN UQXAQY. https://doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2016-1-2-27-42
13. Granstrem M.A. Areas of sustainable development in island districts of Saint Petersburg. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering: International Conference on Civil, Architectural and Environmental Sciences and Technologies. CAEST 2019. Samara. 19.11.2019. Vol. 775. Samara: Institute of Physics Publishing, 2020. P. 012087. EDN JPTPJV. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/775/1/012087
1. Rozova O.I., Granstrem M.A. Sociocultural programming as a method for developing a concept for revitalizing a territory (using Kronstadt as an example) Sistemnye tekhnologii. 2023. No. 3 (48), pp. 242–249. (In Russian). EDN: PPPXSG. https://doi.org/10.55287/22275398_2023_3_242
2. Гранстрем М.А. Принципы сохранения устойчивых элементов архитектурно-планировочной структуры территорий исторических промзон // Перспективы науки. 2022. № 3 (150). С. 218–222. EDN: QTQAWJ
2. Granstrem M.A. Principles of preserving sustainable elements of the architectural planning structure of the territories of historical industrial zones. Perspektivy nauki. 2022. No. 3 (150), pp. 218–222. (In Russian). EDN: QTQAWJ
3. Монастырская М.Е. Закономерности морфотипологической трансформации крупных приморских агломераций Балтии: гипотезы исследования // Вестник гражданских инженеров. 2015. № 1 (48). С. 43–48. EDN: TQKGOJ
3. Monastyrskaya M.E. Patterns of morphotypological transformation of large coastal agglomerations of the Baltic: research hypotheses. Vestnik grazhdanskih inzhenerov. 2015. No. 1 (48), pp. 43–48. (In Russian). EDN: TQKGOJ
4. Гранстрем М.А. Формирование архитектурно-планировочной структуры Кронштадта: Купеческая гавань. Проблемы истории и теории архитектуры. Сборник материалов VIII Всероссийской научно-практической конференции. СПб., 2023. С. 56–62. EDN: JZGKPY
4. Granstrem M.A. Formation of the architectural planning structure of Kronstadt: Merchant Harbor. Problems of the history and theory of architecture. Collection of materials of the VIII All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. Saint-Petersburg. 2023, pp. 56–62. (In Russian). EDN: JZGKPY
5. Гранстрем М.А. Формирование природно-искусственного ландшафта вдоль южной береговой линии Кронштадта в ХVIII–XIX вв. // Системные технологии. 2022. № 3 (44). С. 121–127. EDN: UTOIQE. https://doi.org/10.55287/22275398_2022_3_121
5. Granstrem M.A. Formation of natural and artificial landscape along the southern coastline of Kronstadt in the 18th-19th centuries. Sistemnye tekhnologii. 2022. No. 3 (44), pp. 121–127. (In Russian). EDN: UTOIQE. https://doi.org/10.55287/22275398_2022_3_121
6. Гранстрем М.А. Начальные этапы освоения южной береговой линии острова Котлин // Градостроительство и архитектура. 2023. Т. 13. № 4. С. 83–89. EDN: QZXXDP.
https://doi.org/10.17673/Vestnik.2023.04.11
6. Granstrem M.A. Initial stages of development of the southern coastline of Kotlin Island. Gradostroitelstvo i arhitectura. 2023. Vol. 13. No. 4, pp. 83–89. (In Russian). EDN: QZXXDP.
https://doi.org/10.17673/Vestnik.2023.04.11
7. Штиглиц М.С. Промышленная архитектура Санкт-Петербурга XVIII – первой половины XX в.: Историко-культурные проблемы: Дис. ... д-ра архитектуры. СПб., 2002. 358 с.
7. Shtiglic M.S. Industrial architecture of St. Petersburg in the 18th – first half of the 20th century: Historical and cultural issues. Doctor Diss. (Architecture). Saint-Peterburg, 2002. 358 p. (In Russian).
8. Гранстрем М.А., Золотарева М.В. Исследование структуры исторической застройки Санкт-Петербурга // Жилищное строительство. 2014. № 11. С. 23–27. EDN: SYQKNX
8. Granstrem M.A., Zolotareva M.V. Research of the structure of historical development of St. Petersburg. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 11, рp. 23–27. (In Russian). EDN: SYQKNX
9. Гранстрем М.А. К вопросу сохранения объемно-пространственных характеристик исторической промышленной среды Петербурга // Жилищное строительство. 2019. № 1–2. С. 35–38. EDN YYTERF. https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-1-2-35-38
9. Granstrem M.A. On the issue of preserving the volumetric-spatial characteristics of the historical industrial environment of St. Petersburg. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 1–2, рp. 35–38. (In Russian). EDN YYTERF. https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-1-2-35-38
10. Belova D. Preserving identity of historical environments in Siberia: a critical literature review. Architecture and Engineering. 2021. Vol. 1. No. 4, рр. 3–13. EDN: IIZXDZ. https://doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-4-03-13
11. Гашенко А.Е. Архитектурно-градостроительная морфология как предмет системных исследований: элементный аспект // Вестник гражданских инженеров. 2015. № 6 (53). С. 7. EDN: VKDUFZ
11. Gashenko A.E. Architectural and urban planning morphology as a subject of systemic research: elemental aspect. Vestnik grazhdanskih inzhenerov. 2015. No. 6 (53), рр. 7. (In Russian). EDN: VKDUFZ
12. Gambassi R. Identity of modern architecture in historical city environments. Architecture and Engineering. 2016. Vol. 1. No. 2, рр. 27–42. EDN UQXAQY. https://doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2016-1-2-27-42
13. Granstrem M.A. Areas of sustainable development in island districts of Saint Petersburg. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering: International Conference on Civil, Architectural and Environmental Sciences and Technologies. CAEST 2019. Samara. 19.11.2019. Vol. 775. Samara: Institute of Physics Publishing, 2020. P. 012087. EDN JPTPJV. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/775/1/012087
For citation: Granstrem M.A. In regards to the history of Kronstadt’s coastal territories formation. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2025. No. 1–2, pp. 33–38. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2025-1-2-33-38