In modern conditions, the problem of green construction is particularly acute. Green spaces play a special role in shaping the appearance of cities and improving the environment, level, and quality of life. This article addresses the state of green spaces in large and small cities with significant traffic and industrial activity. The article examines the impact of atmospheric air on the condition of tree species used in settlements in the Lower Amur region. The assortment of trees and shrubs for recreational and green construction should have a “good rating” primarily based on the plant’s winter hardiness. The article also discusses the main species of green plants that are widely used in urban landscaping. The key parameter in selecting the assortment was the adaptation of trees and shrubs to the climatic characteristics of the city. The influence of air quality on the condition of various tree species has been studied in detail using biological methods. Recommendations have been given for the use of certain types of green spaces, taking into account the location of green areas in relation to city highways and the intensity of traffic on them.

G.E. NIKIFOROVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Docent (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
M.T. NIKIFOROV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Docent (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Komsomolsk-on-Amur State University (27, Lenin Avenue, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, 681013, Russian Federation)

1. Matveeva N.A., Uryvskaya A.I., Zvyagina L.N. Urban sources of atmospheric pollution. In the collection: Physico-technical problems of energy, ecology and energy conservation. proceedings of the 20th scientific and technical conference. 2018, pp. 203–209. (In Russian). EDN: ­YAFSQP
2. Koroteeva L.I., Suranova O.V. Analysis of the state of green spaces and the level of landscaping in the cadastral quarter No. 27:22:0030206 of Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Uchenye Zapiski of the Komsomolsk-on-Amur State Technical University. 2023. No. VII (71), pp. 101–106. (In Russian). EDN: ­SHCMTB
3. Solovyova O.S., Sokolova N.A., Bazhin O.N., Huseynova A.R. Greenery as a means of improving the ecology of the city. Vestnik of the Mari State Technical University. Service: Forest. Ecology. Nature Management. 2010. No. 1, pp. 75–83. (In Russian). EDN: ­MBWAZJ
4. Golosova E.I., Zhigunova M.I. Pines in the greening of megacities. Landshaftnaya Arkhitektura v Epokhu Globalizatsii. 2024. No. 4, pp. 20–27. (In Russian). EDN: ­HBVAWG. https://doi.org/10.37770/2712-7656-2024-2-20-27
5. Balakin V.V., Alexikov S.V., Azarov V.N. Ensuring the quality of atmospheric air on main streets and in residential buildings by means of planning and landscaping. Gigiena i Sanitariya. 2023. Vol. 102. No. 7, pp. 639–647. (In Russian). EDN: ­XVDITO. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-639-647
6. Avdeeva E.V., Kukhar I.V., Ivanov D.V. Inventory assessment of landscaping facilities in the city of Krasnoyarsk. Khvoinye Boreal’noi Zony. 2022. Vol. 40. No. 4, pp. 242–249. (In Russian). EDN: ­OHSRMQ
7. Trusheva N.A., Bogucharskaya A.E. Essential oil crops for retreat gardening in an urban environment. Aktual’nyye Voprosy Nauki i Obrazovaniy. 2023. No. 2, pp. 88–97. (In Russian). EDN: ­TNUUGD
8. Dubovitskaya O.Yu., Zolotareva E.V. Ornamental and coniferous trees and shrubs for landscaping populated areas. Nauchnye Vedomosti of Belgorod State University. Series: Natural Sciences. 2014. No. 23 (194), pp. 38–43. (In Russian). EDN: ­THQXMR
9. Bezdelev A.B. Geographical features of landscaping in the Primorsky Territory. In the collection: Notes of the Society for the Study of the Amur Region. Vladivostok. 2024, pp. 155–157. (In Russian). EDN: ­UGCGGG
10. Voronina V.P., Kurapina N.V., Medveditskova O.N. A landscape approach in landscaping outdoor recreation areas in urban parks. Izvestiya of the Nizhnevolzhsky Agrarian University Complex: Science and Higher Professional Education. 2024. No. 6 (78), pp. 47–64. (In Russian). EDN: ­YEBEIR

The article evaluates environmental pollution from gas stations located in a residential area using the example of a small Far Eastern city. The number of cars and other vehicles in the country is increasing yearly, along with the need for fuel for them. With increase in petroleum products consumption, the role of a gas station as the main link in the direct fuels and lubricants supply to consumers increases. Transportation and gas stations are one of the environmental pollution sources. The main factors influencing the pollutant emissions level near gas stations are considered. Special attention is paid to the role of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) from petroleum products and carbon dioxide in the air quality worsening. As any other environmental pollution source, gas stations are subject to strict environmental requirements. The dependence of the air pollution level on the gas station nearness to residential areas is analyzed, it is shown that the proper gas stations location allows avoiding increased air pollution, which directly depends on the city magnitude, the building density and a significant vehicles concentration.

N.V. MULLER, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Docent, Head of the Department “Cadastres and Technosphere Safety” (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Komsomolsk-on-Amur State University (27, Lenin Avenue, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, 681013, Russian Federation)

1. Sysoeva E.V., Gelmanova M.O. Methods of calculating the dispersion of pollutants in the urban atmosphere. Vestnik MGSU. 2022. Vol. 17. No. 8, pp. 1027–1045. (In Russian). EDN: ­DZWYQY.
https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2022.8.1027-1045
2. Elham Alsadat Heidari, Maryam Sarkhosh, Hosein Alidadi, Ali As-ghar Najafpoor, Habibollah Esmaily, Elham Shamsara. Assessing VOC emissions from different gas stations: impacts, variations, and modeling fluctuations of air pollutants. Scientific Reports. 2024. Vol. 14. 16617. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67542-4
3. Sokhatskaya D.G., Zubkova K.S. Ecology as one of the criteria for the comfort of a residential area. Uchenye Zapiski of the Komsomolsk-on-Amur State Technical University. 2021. No. 7 (55), pp. 99–103. (In Russian). EDN:HWAKMP
4. Smirnova E.E., Slesarev M.Yu. Greening of negative factors in the activities of enterprises and organizations. Vestnik MGSU. 2024. Vol. 19. No. 3, pp. 403–414. (In Russian). EDN: ­BTIHZO.
https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2024.3.403-414
5. Taş A., Mutlu Avinç G. Architectural designs inspired by nature and mathematical models. Architecture and Engineering. 2025. Vol. 10. No. 3, pp. 3–14. EDN: ­USFYPM. https://doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2025-10-3-3-14
6. Glinyanova I.Yu., Asanova N.V., Erofeev V.T., Afonin V.V. Integral express assessment of the ecological state of territories using aerosols. Vestnik MGSU. 2022. Vol. 17. No. 7, pp. 897–913. (In Russian). EDN: ­SHGXHU.
https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2022.7.897-913
7. Tugba Dogan, Guzel Kadir Alp. The effects of technological developments in transportation vehicles on air pollution mitigation of metropolitan cities: A case study of Istanbul. Science of The Total Environment. 2024. Vol. 912. 168996.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168996
8. Grigoriev Ya.Yu., Alkhimenko I.N. Preliminary data processing for the implementation of machine learning methods in environmental monitoring problems. Uchenye Zapiski of the Komsomolsk-on-Amur State Technical University. 2024. No. 1, pp. 25–31. (In Russian). EDN: ­ASHQMD
9. Benai H.A., Radionov T.V., Sabitov L.S., Garkin I.N. Architectural optimization of design solutions. Regionalnaya Architectura i Stroitelstvo. 2023. No. 4 (57), pp. 191–198. (In Russian). EDN: ­BKJGWI. https://doi.org/10.54734/20722958-2023-4-191
10. Chunrong Jia, Xianqiang Fu, Bhavin Chauhan, Zhuqing Xue, Reeva Joyce Kedia, Chaitanya S. Mishra. Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at gas stations: a probabilistic analysis. Springer Nature Link. 2022. Vol. 15, pp. 465–477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-021-01124-5
11. Okladnikova E.V. Analysis of the main factors of implementing information modeling technology in the construction industry of the Far East. Regionalnaya Architectura i Stroitelstvo. 2023. No. 2 (55), pp. 134–141. (In Russian). EDN: ­CQCGIZ. https://doi.org/10.54734/20722958-2023-2-134

The peculiarities of settlement development in Northeastern China (Manchuria) are revealed on the example of the largest cities in the region – Harbin, Shenyang, Dalian and Changchun. In the course of the work, historical prerequisites for the urban structure formation that affected the Manchurian territories in various periods are analyzed. The peculiarities of the settlements development under imperial and republican China, Russia and Japan jurisdiction, as well as the Manchukuo period, are considered separately. At each stage, cities planning solutions are analyzed, buildings development patterns and features of foreign techniques integration into the Northeast China environment are revealed. The complex nature of the settlements planning structure, associated with several foreign states active influence on the regions of Manchuria is determined. It is revealed that the imperial China period was characterized by the urban structure development in accordance with classical urban planning treatises, but it manifested itself only in large settlements. The period of the Russian administration management was characterized by the complex development of administrative districts in the CER exclusion zone, in which the urban axis was a street or a two-lane building facing the railway station. Similar solutions are typical for settlements under the Japanese administration control, however, unloading diagonals systems converging in the form of three beams to the station and radial axes at the highways intersection were used here. The parallel-developing Chinese regions of the republic period are characterized by chaotic development of commercial belts between the historical Chinese core and foreign neighborhoods. The Manchukuo period was characterized by the unification of disparate structures into the unified city fabric.

E.P. PAKULOVA, Intern Researcher, Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.A. KIM, Candidate of Architecture (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Pacific State University (136, Tikhookeanskaya Street, Khabarovsk, 680035, Russian Federation)

1. Pugacheva E.A., Kurbatov R.K. The influence of Russian and Japanese architectural schools on the development of the city of Dalian in the late 19th century – the first half of the 20th century. Urbanistika. 2024. No. 4, pp. 13–31. (In Russian). EDN: ­XKKFGJ
2. Pugacheva E.A., Kim A.A. The influence of Japanese colonial architecture on the development of the city of Shenyang in the first half of the 20th century. Estoa. Journal of the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism. 2025. Vol. 14, No. 27, pp. 33–48. EDN: ­QIZVQF. https://doi.org/10.18537/est.v014.n027.a02
3. Glatolenkova E.V. Architecture of residential environment in the settlements along the Chinese Eastern Railway. Urbanistika. 2020. No. 1, pp. 34–48. (In Russian). EDN: ­GDZUAU
4. Ordynskaya Yu.V., Diachkova L.G. Trade as a factor in the transformation of the planning structure of a Chinese border city. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2025. No. 4, pp. 47–55. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2025-4-47-55
5. Ordynskaia Yu. V. Features of the formation of urban planning systems in the border area of Russia and China. Dis... Candidate of Scienses (Architecture). Khabarovsk, 2019. 189 p. (In Russian). EDN: ­KAADBB
6. Smolianinova T., Tceluiko D. The development of the architecture of consular offices in Manchuria. Proekt Baikal. 2023. No. 3 (77), pp. 78–84. (In Russian). EDN: ­DFPPLA
7. Bazilevich M.E., Tceluiko D.S. The Architecture of the Russo-Chinese Bank’s buildings in Dalian. Arkhitekton: izvestiya vuzov. 2021. No 3 (75), pp. 1–10. (In Russian). EDN: ­BKEWOJ. https://doi.org/10.47055/1990-4126-2021-3(75)-13
8. Glatolenkova E.V., Kozyrenko N.E. Two Cities: the development of the settlements planning structure of Qiqicar in the Chinese Eastern Railway zone. Vestnik BGTU im. V.G. Shukhova. 2017. No. 9, pp. 61–67. (In Russian). EDN: ­ZHQZUB. https://doi.org/10.12737/article_59a93b09438e87.94143863
9. Pugahceva E.A. Features of the formation of the development of the city of Shenyang at the end of the XIX – first third of the XX century. The Far East: problems of the development of the architectural and construction complex: Proceedings of the national scientific and practical conference. Khabarovsk, 2023, pp. 388–392. (In Russian). EDN: ­ZAJPRP
10. Pugacheva E.A., Kim A.A., Samsonova E.M. Peculiarities of development in the city of changchun at the end of the 19th – the first third of the 20th centuries. Urbanistika. 2023. No. 1, pp. 29–40. (In Russian). EDN: ­EKUZZU
11. Chubarov I.G., Mikhailova E.V. Problems of overcoming the peripherality of the Russian-Chinese transborder. Rossiya i ATR. 2017. No. 4 (98), pp. 88–105. (In Russian). EDN: ­YMTCEO

The article presents study results of the neoclassicism examples in residential and public buildings architecture in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. The stages of the city formation and its neoclassical architecture in the socialist era are analyzed: the period of formation in the 1930s, pre-war and post-war time – 1940–1950s. The list of some of the most significant survived architectural federal and regional significance monuments of the neoclassical style located on the territory of Komsomolsk-on-Amur is given. Assessment of their current state is given. Attention is paid to little-known ones that are not objects of cultural heritage, but are interesting from the study point of view. For maximum clarity, neoclassical architectural objects, their fragments and details photo-fixation was carried out. It was concluded that it is necessary to continue neoclassicism in the Komsomolsk-on-Amur architecture study for these objects popularization and preservation as an important evidence of the historical and cultural processes in the Soviet Union. It is needed adopting these objects to modern requirements for the Komsomolsk-on-Amur and its architectural heritage uniqueness preservation.

E.G. GALKINA, Candidate of Cultural Studies, Docent of Architectural Environment Design Department (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Komsomolsk-on-Amur State University (27, Lenin Avenue, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, 681013, Russian Federation)

1. Dimitriadi E.M. Analysis of architectural and coloristic imagery of the cities of the Far East. Uchenye Zapiski of the Komsomolsk-on-Amur State Technical University. 2021. No. 2 (50), pp. 4–10. (In Russian). EDN: ­SYWIKW. https://doi.org/10.17084/20764359_2021_50_4
2. Vyrva A.Yu. Neoclassicism in the architectural context of Moscow in the 1990s – 2000s. Academia. Architectura i Stroitel’stvo. 2023. No. 2, pp. 85–96. (In Russian). EDN: ­PEASCO. https://doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2023-2-85-96
3. Kruglova T.A. The Concept of Time in Soviet Neoclassicism (on the example of architectural discourse). Vestnik of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia. Philosophy. 2020. Vol. 24. No. 4, pp. 681–693. (In Russian). EDN: ­VKLCBU. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2020-24-4-681-693
4. Leptyukhova O.Yu., Gordienko N.A. Scientific bases of the choice of the use of cultural heritage objects on the example of the Lapino-Spasskoe estate of the XIX – early XX centuries in the conditions of renovation. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Stroitel’stvo. 2023. No. 7 (775), pp. 83–95. (In Russian). EDN: ­QCQHGY. https://doi.org/10.32683/0536-1052-2023-775-7-83-95
5. Boldyrev A.M., Shcherbakov V.I., Goikalov A.N., Bogatova T.V. Preservation and modern use of historical buildings in Voronezh urban development. Izvestiya of Higher Educational Institutions. Construction. 2022. No. 1 (757), pp. 82–91. (In Russian). EDN: ­CAMXMR. https://doi.org/10.32683/0536-1052-2022-757-1-82-91
6. Vasilyeva A.V. Moscow and Leningrad influence on the composite organization of Yaroslavl residential quarters in the 1920s and 1930s. Vestnik MGSU. 2020. Vol. 15. No. 11, pp. 1493–1504. (In Russian). EDN: ­EHBZIJ. https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.11.1493-1504
7. Zaplavnaya A.E., Enin A.E., Tankeev A.S. Problems of preservation and optimal renovation of the architectural and planning structure of the Voronezh Historical Center. Izvestiya of Higher Educational Institutions. Construction. 2021. No. 12 (756), pp. 77–87. (In Russian). EDN: ­WHNOEO.
8. Kopylova L.V. Neoclassicism in Russian architecture of the XXI century. Academia. Arkhitektura i Stroitel’stvo. 2024. No. 2, pp. 63–70. (In Russian). EDN: ­MLCUXL. https://doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2024-2-63-70

The article considers the issue of digital footprints and their role in the construction industry. The sources of the construction entrepreneurs digital footprints formation are analyzed, including interaction with customers through websites and social networks, software usage, participation in online bidding and auctions. The digital footprints classification into active and passive is given and the features of their formation in the construction industry are considered. Particular attention is paid to the digital footprints for entrepreneurs: market analysis, business processes optimization and customer experience improvement. The risks associated with the digital data usage are considered, including information security issues, data misinterpretation and competitive threats. In conclusion, the prospects for the digital technologies in construction development are discussed, including artificial intelligence integration and its use for services personalization. The importance of digital footprints conscious and competent use as a key success factor in the modern construction business is emphasized.

A.R. VALEEV, Engineer, Senior Lecturer, Master (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Komsomolsk-on-Amur State University (27, Lenin Avenue, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, 681013, Russian Federation)

1. Alekseev A.G., Brushkov A.V., Badna S.V., et al. Ensuring the stability of buildings and structures in difficult geocryological conditions. Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov. 2025. No. 4, pp. 19–25. (In Russian). EDN: ­NHDPXO
2. Lu Ya., Pisarenko Zh.V., Yan L., et al. Improving the decision-making process: the role of management analytics in modern business practices. Nanotekhnologii v Stroitel’stve: Nauchnyi Internet-Zhurnal. 2024. Vol. 16. No. 5, pp. 431–440. (In Russian). EDN: ­MDCKFD
3. Paskannyi V. I., Lapidus A.A. The role of an engineering company in the implementation of an investment and construction project. Promyshlennoe i Grazhdanskoe Stroitel’stvo. 2024. No. 1, pp. 52–58. (In Russian). EDN: ­BRZLUY
4. Akulov A.O., Rada A.O., Kononova S.A. Analysis of modern types of construction work control and problems of their development. Izvestiya of Higher Education Institutions. Construction. 2023. No. 10 (778), pp. 97–107. (In Russian). EDN: ­RPWFYN
5. Dobrosotskikh M.G., Mishchenko V.Ya., Preobrazhensky M.A. Dynamic adjustment of the schedule for the implementation of construction projects. Izvestiya of Higher Education Institutions. Construction. Stroitel’stvo. 2020. No. 9 (741), pp. 93–107. (In Russian). EDN: ­YINOML
6. Gerasimov V.V., Chernichenko A.A., Ulitko E.V., Isa-kov A.K. Integrated safety potential of the construction complex. Izvestiya of Higher Education Institutions. Construction. 2019. No. 5 (725), pp. 94–101. (In Russian). EDN: ­JPYOAF
7. Gerasimov V.V., Ikonnikova A.V., Svetyshev N.V., Isakov A.K. Research of planning technology of complex construction processes in conditions of uncertainty. Izvestiya of Higher Education Institutions. Construction. 2018. No. 3 (711), pp. 52–61. (In Russian). EDN: ­XTCTCX
8. Chelyshkov P.D., Volkov A.A., Davydov A.E. Digital lifecycle management system for capital construction facilities. Promyshlennoe i Grazhdanskoe Stroitel’stvo. 2023. No. 2, pp. 10–19. (In Russian). EDN: ­NFJCNH.
https://doi.org/10.33622/0869-7019.2023.02.10-19
9. Filatov V.V., Pestrikova A.D., Adamtsevich L.A. Domestic experience in the development of information modeling technologies. Promyshlennoe i Grazhdanskoe Stroitel’stvo. 2023. No. 9, pp. 80–87. (In Russian). EDN: ­RWKEGQ.
https://doi.org/10.33622/0869-7019.2023.09.80-87
10. Pustovgar A.P., Zhongzhong Ch., Wensen Yu., Adamtsevich A.O. Application of BIM technologies in the restoration of buildings. Promyshlennoe I Grazhdanskoe Stroitel’stvo. 2020. No. 6, pp. 42–48. (In Russian). EDN: ­HUNDUG.
https://doi.org/10.33622/0869-7019.2020.06.42-48
11. Vasilkin A.A. Information technology of automation of support for the search for design solutions for steel structures. Promyshlennoe i Grazhdanskoe Stroitel’stvo. 2016. No. 5, pp. 76–80. (In Russian). EDN: ­VZDQBN

Long-term pollution of the natural environment by solid municipal and industrial waste leads to environmental degradation.Due to the numerous industries that generate waste, waste disposal is a challenge.The exacerbation of environmental problems against the backdrop of intensified production processes requires a revision of approaches to managing solid waste management processes. Solving the solid waste problem is possible through the development and industrial implementation of various technologies for the production of a range of building materials using industrial waste as secondary raw materials.This will not only address environmental issues but also significantly expand the availability of cost-effective building materials, especially for low-rise construction.

M.T. NIKIFOROV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Docent (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
G.E. NIKIFOROVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Docent (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Komsomolsk-on-Amur State University (27, Lenin Avenue, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, 681013, Russian Federation)

1. Likhacheva O.I., Sovetov P.M. Methodological aspects of solid waste management. Ekonomicheskie i Sotsial’nye Peremeny: Fakty, Tendentsii, Prognoz. 2017. Vol. 10. No. 4, pp. 111–127. (In Russian). EDN: ­ZEHNTL. https://doi.org/10.15838/esc.2017.4.52.6
2. Pavlenkov M.N., Voronin P.M. Problems of development of solid municipal waste of municipal formation. Vestnik of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological, and Economic Sciences. 2018. No. 3, pp. 130–139. (In Russian). EDN: ­UOSUUW. https://doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2018-3-130-139
3. Kozlov P.G., Fedyuk R.S., Taskin A.V., Fedotov D.R., Vykhodtsev I.A., Fedyuk G.R. Promising technologies for processing ash and slag waste into geopolymers. Voprosy Sovremennoi Nauki I Praktiki. 2024. No. 3 (93), pp. 19–28. (In Russian). EDN: ­CJAZLE
4. Guryeva V.A., Doroshin A.V. Low-quality brick clay and ash and slag waste in the production of ceramic bricks. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2023. No. 5, pp. 30–34. (In Russian). EDN: ­KGDFHY.
https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2023-813-5-30-34
5. Sharonova O.M., Yumashev V.V., Anshits A.G. Porosity and strength of composite cement based on finely dispersed high-calcium fly ash. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2022. No. 7, pp. 33–39. (In Russian). EDN: ­LACFYJ. https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2022-804-7-33-39
6. Sharonova O.M., Yumashev V.V., Soloviev L.A., Anshits A.G. Fine-dispersed high-calcium fly ash as the basis of composite cementing material. Inzhenerno-Stroitel’nyi Zhurnal. 2019. Iss. 91, pp. 60–72. (In Russian). EDN: ­BWNRWJ
7. Pudovkin A.N., Yudin A.A., Ganeeva E.I., Parfenov A.A. Application of gypsum production waste in wall building materials. Vestnik Evraziiskoi Nauki. 2021. No. 1. Vol. 13. (In Russian).
8. Chukanov A.A., Lutfulin M.D., Ignatenko I.E., Fetisov M.G. Waste management. Izvestiya of Tula State University. Technical Sciences. 2024. Iss. 8, pp. 409–410. (In Russian). EDN: ­RLLIRS
9. Yashalova N.N., Gridnev A.E. Ecological and economic problems of waste recycling within the framework of the “green” economy concept. Strategiya Razvitiya Ekonomiki. 2013. No. 43 (232), pp. 28–36. (In Russian). EDN: ­RKXDTH
10. Jabbarova N.E., Najafova E.A., Kahramanli Yu.N. Properties of concrete with aggregate from brick waste. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2024. No. 9, pp. 36–43. (In Russian). EDN: ­GQXVWC.
https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2024-828-9-36-43
11. Erofeev V.T., Afonin V.V., Zotkina M.M., Stenechkina K.S., Tyuryakhina T.P., Lazarev A.V. Analysis of properties of polymer composites with various types of fillers. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2024. No. 1–2, pp. 100–109. (In Russian). EDN: ­ACZEBD. https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2024-821-1-2-100-109
12. Chernysheva N.V., Borisov I.S., Sardarbekova E.K., Drebezgova M.Yu., Trepkov N.R. Gypsum-cement compositions with a mineral additive of fine-ground blast-furnace slag. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2025. No. 11, pp. 29–38. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2025-841-11-29-38

The development and improvement of interferometry methods can currently be characterized by a transition to a higher quality level, primarily related to the use of fiber-optic technologies and an element base. The object of the study is an optoelectronic system of a fiber-optic interferometer. The subject of the study is the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the phase modulator of a fiber-optic interferometer. The results of a study of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of a Mach-Zehnder fiber-optic interferometer with a piezoelectric phase modulator are presented. The design and testing methodology of a phase modulator as part of an optoelectronic system of a Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer have been developed.

V.I. ZAIKOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.O. POLTAVTSEVA, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Komsomolsk-on-Amur State University (27, Lenin Avenue, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, 681013, Russian Federation)

1. Reshetnikov D.D., Rizhaya A.A., Pavelina M.E., Vashukevich E.A., Sevryugin A.A., Sokolov A.L., Venediktov V.Yu., Petrov V.M. A Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on cube corner reflectors and beams with a controlled polarization structure. Opticheskii Zhurnal. 2025. No. 3 (92), pp. 58–67. (In Russian). EDN: ­VQQOAW. http://doi.org/10.17586/1023-5086-2025-92-03-58-67
2. Kuznetsov I.V., Perin A.S. Mathematical modeling of the characteristics of an electro-optical modulator in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer configuration based on thin lithium niobate films. Opticheskii Zhurnal. 2023. No. 2 (90), pp. 68–77. (In Russian). EDN: ­ACBXMG. http://doi.org/10.17586/1023-5086-2023-90-02-68-77
3. Moshkov V.A., Martishkin A.A., Sadovnikov A.V. A single-channel magnondemultiplexer based on a coupled transverse-limited waveguide and a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. Radiotekhnika i Elektronika. 2025. No. 4 (70), pp. 412–417. (In Russian). EDN: ­FRRQXQ
4. Parfyonov N.M., Chemodanov V.B., Yermilina O.V. Fiber-optic sensors based on optical interferometers. Aviakosmicheskoe Priborostroenie. 2022. No. 4, pp. 44–56. (In Russian). EDN: ­BTVNZY.
http://doi.org/10.25791/aviakosmos.4.2022.1276
5. Petrov V.M., Agruzov P.M., Lebedev V.V., Ilichev I.V., Shamrai A.V. Broadband integrated optical modulators: achievements and development prospects. Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk. 2021. No. 7 (191), pp. 760–780. (In Russian). EDN: ­OZMXKE. http://doi.org/10.3367/UFNr.2020.11.038871
6. Luchinin A.S., Maligin I.V. Measuring phase and amplitude noise in semiconductor lasers. Measurement methodology. Calibration. Results. Zhurnal Radioelektroniki. 2023. No. 8. (In Russian). EDN: ­LMIFGW. http://doi.org/10.30898/1684-1719.2023.8.2
7. Parfenov M.V., Varlamov A.V., Ilichev I.V., Usikova A.A., Zadiranov Yu.M., Tronev A.V., Agruzov P.M., Shamrai A.V. Ultra-wideband phase modulator based on a multimode channel waveguide on thin-film lithium niobate. Pisma v Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki. 2025. No. 8 (51), pp. 25–29. (In Russian). EDN: ­PNPQAM
8. Shulepova A.V., Shulepov V.A., Strigalev V.E. A study of the influence of the control voltage of a lithium niobate-based phase modulator on the magnitude of parasitic amplitude modulation and the distribution of optical radiation intensity at the ends of channel waveguides. Nauchno-Tekhnicheskii Vestnik Informatsionnikh Tekhnologii, Mekhaniki i Optiki. 2024. No. 3 (24), pp. 357–365. (In Russian). EDN: ­OVKXXG.
http://doi.org/10.17586/2226-1494-2024-24-3-357-365
9. Vostrikov Ye.V., Umnova A.V., Aleinik A.S., Pogudin G.K., Strigalev V.E., Meshkovskii I.K. Application of additional high-frequency modulation to reduce influence of residual amplitude modulation LiNbO3 phase modulator on fiber optical gyroscope signal. Nauchno-Tekhnicheskii Vestnik Informatsionnikh Tekhnologii, Mekhaniki i Optiki. 2022. No. 5 (22), pp. 866–872. (In Russian). EDN: ­WJKVYI. http://doi.org/10.17586/2226-1494-2022-22-5-866-872
10. Huang L., Li Y., Zhao Sh., Lin T., Li X., Vang G., Zhu Z. Functional flexible photonics-assisted frequency measurement based on combination of stimulated of Mandelstam–Brillouin scattering and a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. Kvantovaya Elektronika. 2021. No. 12 (51), pp. 1135–1143. (In Russian). EDN: ­JYKNGT
11. Frolov A.V., Shvets A.N., Musihin Yu.F. Аpplication of modified sigma-delta modulator for digital signals frequency division. Uchenie Zapiski of the Komsomolsk-on-Amur State Technical University. 2025. No. 3 (83), рр. 63–67. (In Russian). EDN: LFZCKR

The relevant problem of capital technical facilities construction (capital groups I and II) in the Russian Federation regions with harsh climate, complex logistics and the lack of developed construction industry is considered. To solve this problem a comprehensive technology for arched buildings, combining a thin-walled open cylindrical monolithic shell, pneumatic PVC formwork and carbon fiber reinforcement is proposed. The process methodology is described in detail, including step-by-step installation, bringing the system to its design position by pumping air and concreting with self-sealing concrete. Special attention is paid to the carbon fiber reinforcement advantages: high strength, low weight, corrosion resistance and self-straightening, which is crucial for transportation and fixation in the design position without additional mechanisms. It is proved that the proposed solution minimizes material consumption, transportation costs, construction time and provides high thermal and operational characteristics of the facility.

O.E. SYSOEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
E.O. SYSOEV, Candidate of Sciences (Economics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
B.D. YAROVENKO, Graduate Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
K.A. NEMOLYAKIN, Graduate Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
R.A. SIMONENKO, Graduate Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Komsomolsk-on-Amur State University (27, Lenin Avenue, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, 681013, Russian Federation)

1. Anpilov S.M., Yerofeev V.T., Rimshin V.I., Skolubovich Yu.L., Sorochaykin A.N. innovative technologies for the construction of prefabricated buildings and structures. Promyshlennoe i Grazhdanskoe Stroitel’stvo. 2024. No. 8, pp. 5–13. (In Russian). EDN: ­CXDPSN. https://doi.org/10.33622/0869-7019.2024.08.05-13
2. Kolesnikova Yu.V., Skachko N.A., Dyakovskaya O.S. Application of technologies for the construction of prefabricated buildings for the restoration of housing and infrastructure in Donbass. Vestnik of Volodymyr Dahl Luhansk State University. 2023. No. 67, pp. 83–89. (In Russian). EDN: ­PYDCHC
3. Polyakov I.A., Sysoev O.E., Sysoev E.O. On the issue of automation of calculations of heating monolithic structures during the construction of buildings and structures in the Far East. Uchenye Zapiski of Komsomolsk-on-Amur State Technical University. Natural and Technical Sciences. 2022. No. 3 (59), pp. 72–77. (In Russian). EDN: ­TXDKZE
4. Kaprielov S.S., Sheinfeld A.V., Chilin I.A., et al. Modified concretes: reality and prospects. Vestnik NITS “Stroitel’stvo”. 2024. No. 1, pp. 92–104. (In Russian). EDN: ­NIYJLR.
https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2024-1(40)-92-104
5. Marzaganov R.H.-M., Gordeev T.M., Kornilov M.M. Features of the development of the construction industry in modern conditions. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2025. No. 3, pp. 11–16. (In Russian). EDN: ­AOEKSH.
https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2025-833-3-11-16
6. Tsymbelman N.Ya., Chernova T.I., Selivanova M.A., Redko V.S. Investigation of the stress-strain state of structures made of filled shells. Vestnik of MGSU. 2021. Vol. 16. Iss. 7, pp. 819–827. (In Russian). EDN: ­HEVVCF.
https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2021.7.819-827
7. Valiev A.I., Suleymanov A.M. Hybrid polymer composites for structural purposes. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2023. No. 12, pp. 51–57. EDN: ­CFFVYI. https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2023-12-51-57
8. Denisova A.D., Shekhovtsov A.S., Kuzhman E.D. The effect of the width of the composite material used to strengthen reinforced concrete structures on its performance under tension. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2022. No. 11, pp. 26–31. (In Russian). EDN: ­UNMFMY. https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2022-808-11-26-31
9. Titova L.A., Beilina M.I., Khlopuk V.L., Shabalin V.A. Development of a national standard for testing methods of self-sealing concrete mix. Vestnik NITS “Stroitel’stvo”. 2021. No. 3 (30), pp. 118–116. (In Russian). EDN: ­VJWWSB.
https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2021-3(30)-108-116
10. Khrenov G.M. Modeling of plastic properties of concrete mix. Izvestiya of the Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 2021. No. 1 (55), pp. 49–57. (In Russian). EDN: ­KMKQES
11. Patent of the Russian Federation 2371555. A structure erected on a fixed pneumatic formwork [Sooruzhenie, vozvedennoe na nes”emnoi pnevmaticheskoi opalubke]. Nikolenko S.D., Kazakov D.A. Declared 5.06.2008. Published 10.27.2009. (In Russian).
12. Patent of the Russian Federation 2415237. A prefabricated structure based on pneumatic formwork [Bystrovozvodimoe sooruzhenie na baze pnevmaticheskoi opalubki]. Nikolenko S.D., Kazakov D.A., Mikhnevich I.V. Declared 27.10.2009. Published 27.03.2011. (In Russian).
13. Patent of the Russian Federation 2795782. Method of constructing thin-walled monolithic shells [Sposob vozvedeniya tonkostennykh monolitnykh obolochek]. Zhuravleva E.V., Sysoev O.E., Dobryshkin A.Yu., Datsko E.D., Zhuravlev Yu.V. Declared 26.07.2022. Published 05.11.2023. (In Russian).

Thin-walled and thick-walled spherical shells are widely used in construction when creating dome structures, reservoirs and other shell structures types, many of which experience significant loads close to limit. The study considers the load-bearing capacity evaluation problem of shells with central symmetry under conditions of physical and geometric nonlinearity. Setting the study task took into account the shell elastoplastic deformation provided that the material is incompressible. The calculation method based on the generalized Hooke’s law and the deformation plasticity theory provisions using the variable elasticity parameters method. The additional loads non-negativity criterion was used for the load-bearing capacity evaluation. The described procedure allows calculating the maximum internal pressure that the shell can withstand without destruction. According to the calculation results, the maximum allowable pressure increases with the shell wall relative thickness increase. Note here that relative deformation at shell outer edge corresponding to maximum tolerable load decreases with wall thickness increase. Taking into account the physical and geometric nonlinearities of the shell allows us to evaluate the qualitative differences in the behavior of the material during plastic and elastic deformation. The circumferential stresses along the thickness of the shell wall under plastic deformation conditions are increasing. Compressive circumferential stresses can occur on the inner surface of thick-walled shells under the action of the maximum allowable pressure, which affects the picture of the stressed-deformed state.

I.K. ANDRIANOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
E.K. CHEPURNOVA, Postgraduate Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Komsomolsk-on-Amur State University (27, Lenin Avenue, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, 681013, Russian Federation)

1. Коротких Д.Н., Кокосадзе А.Э., Кулинич Ю.И., Паникин Д.А. Технология бетонирования внутренней защитной оболочки реакторного здания Белорусской АЭС // Строительные материалы. 2016. № 5. С. 10–15. EDN: ­TXXHKV
1. Korotkikh D.N., Kokosadze A.E., Kulinich Yu.I., Pa-nikin D.A. Technology of concreting the internal containment shell of the reactor building at the Belarusian NPP. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Consrtuction Materials]. 2016. No. 5, pp. 10–15. (In Russian). EDN: ­TXXHKV
2. Пичугин С.Н. Нелинейное деформирование тонкостенных резервуаров при взрыве // Жилищное строительство. 2011. № 6. С. 33–35. EDN: ­OBGONL
2. Pichugin S.N. Nonlinear deformation of thin walled reservoirs under explosion. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2011. No. 6, pp. 33–35. (In Russian). EDN: ­OBGONL
3. Андрианов И.К. Осесимметричное деформирование толстостенной стесненной оболочки под внутренним давлением при нелинейном законе деформационного упрочнения // Вестник Южно-Уральского государственного университета. Сер. Математика. Механика. Физика. 2025. Т. 17. № 4. EDN: ­UQFPJW. https://doi.org/10.14529/mmph250406
3. Andrianov I. K. Axisymmetric deformation of a thick walled constrained shell under internal pressure with a nonlinear law of strain hardening. of South Ural State University. Series: Mathematics. Mechanics. Physics. 2025. Vol. 17. No. 4. (In Russian). EDN: ­UQFPJW. https://doi.org/10.14529/mmph250406
4. Фан Ван Фук. Напряженное состояние и прочность толстостенных бетонных сферических оболочек при равномерном внешнем давлении // Вестник гражданских инженеров. 2018. № 6 (71). С. 19–24. EDN: ­YVELCX
4. Fan Van Fuk. Stress state and strength of thick walled concrete spherical shells under uniform external pressure. Vestnik Grazhdanskikh Inzhenerov. 2018. No. 6 (71), pp. 19–24. (In Russian). EDN: ­YVELCX
5. Фрумен А.И. Напряженное состояние толстостенной полимерной сферической оболочки под внутренним давлением // Морские интеллектуальные технологии. 2023. № 4–2. С. 63–67. EDN: ­LSVZOX. https://doi.org/10.37220/MIT.2023.62.4.046
5. Frumen A.I. Stress state of a thick walled polymeric spherical shell under internal pressure. Morskie Intellektual’nye Tekhnologii. 2023. No. 4–2, pp. 63–67. (In Russian). EDN: ­LSVZOX. https://doi.org/10.37220/MIT.2023.62.4.046
6. Мовчан А.А., Шарунов А.В. Эффект перераспределения напряжений в толстостенной сфере из сплава с памятью формы при прямом фазовом превращении под действием постоянного давления // Прикладная математика и механика. 2024. Т. 88. № 2. С. 228–244. EDN: ­XULYKA. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0032823524020057
6. Movchan A.A., Sharunov A.V. The effect of stress redistribution in a thick walled sphere made of a shape memory alloy under direct phase transformation under constant pressure. Prikladnaya Matematika i Mekhanika. 2024. Vol. 88. No. 2, pp. 228–244. (In Russian). EDN: ­XULYKA. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0032823524020057
7. Чернышова Д.В., Евстигнеев А.И., Дмитриев Э.А., Одиноков В.И. Оценка результатов численного моделирования трещиностойкости цилиндрических и сферических керамических оболочковых форм // Ученые записки Комсомольского-на-Амуре государственного технического университета. 2025. № 1 (81). С. 17–23. EDN: ­PJESJR
7. Chernyshova D.V., Evstigneev A.I., Dmitriev E.A., Odinokov V.I. Evaluation of numerical simulation results for crack resistance of cylindrical and spherical ceramic shell forms. Uchenye Zapiski of the Komsomolsk-on-Amur State Technical University. 2025. No. 1 (81), pp. 17–23 (In Russian). EDN: ­PJESJR
8. Zhao W., Guo D., Gong X., Li C. Nonlinear axisymmetric buckling analysis of the FGM sandwich shallow spherical shells under thermomechanical loads. European Journal of Mechanics – A/Solids. 2023. Vol. 97. 104841.
9. Артемов М.А., Барановский Е.С., Верлин А.А., Семка Э.В. Задача о толстостенной сферической оболочке // Advanced Engineering Research. 2021. Т. 21. № 1. С. 22–31. EDN: ­ISPBJW
9. Artemov M.A., Baranovskii E.S., Verlin A.A., Semka E.V. Problem of a thick walled spherical shell. Advanced Engineering Research. 2021. Vol. 21. No. 1, pp. 22–31. (In Russian). EDN: ­ISPBJW
10. Фукалов А.А., Зайцев А.В., Соколкин Ю.В., Баяндин Ю.В. Равновесие жестко закрепленной на внешней поверхности полой трансверсально-изотропной толстостенной сферы, находящейся под действием равномерного внутреннего давления и гравитационных сил // Вестник Самарского государственного технического университета. Сер. Физико-математические науки. 2021. Т. 25. № 2. С. 303–319. EDN: ­NYRLYI
10. Fukalov A.A., Zaitsev A.V., Sokolkin Yu.V., Bayandin Yu.V. Equilibrium of a thick walled transversely isotropic hollow sphere rigidly fixed on the outer surface and subjected to uniform internal pressure and gravitational forces. Vestnik of Samara State Technical University. Series Physical and Mathematical Sciences. 2021. Vol. 25. No. 2, pp. 303–319. (In Russian). EDN: ­NYRLYI
11. Римшин В.И., Семенова М.Н., Шубин И.Л. и др. Исследования несущей способности внецентренно сжатых сталетрубобетонных колонн // Строительные материалы. 2022. № 6. С. 8–14. EDN: ­YHDXCL.
https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2022-803-6-8-14
11. Rimshin V.I., Semenova M.N., Shubin I.L. et al. Studies of the load bearing capacity of eccentrically compressed steel tube concrete columns. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Consrtuction Materials]. 2022. No. 6, pp. 8–14. (In Russian). EDN: ­YHDXCL. https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2022-803-6-8-14
12. Bai L., Gong S., Xu L., Bai X., Huang Z. Finite element simulation study on vertical bearing characteristics of single pile with ram-compacted bearing sphere. PLoS ONE. 2023. Vol. 18, No. 9. e0291719. EDN: ­KVKNAE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291719
13. Zhang J., Huang Z., Chen Z., Li Y. Dynamic response of spherical shells subjected to the underwater impulse. Ocean Engineering. 2023. Vol. 286. 115568. EDN: ­TZOZZO
14. Gokyer Yu., Sonmez F. Topology optimization of cylindrical shells with cutouts for maximum buckling strength. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering. 2022. Vol. 45, Art. 13. EDN: ­JKHEXY. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-022-03941-w
15. Kanai K., Morihana H., Yamasaki T., Terada K. Experimental investigation on the collapse strength of spherical shells. Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan. 1972. Vol. 1972, pp. 269–279. https://doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe1968.1972.132_269
16. Xu X., Shu T., Zheng J., Luo Y. Experimental and numerical study on compressive behavior of welded hollow spherical joints with external stiffeners. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2022. Vol. 188. 107034. EDN: ­BBITAV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2021.107034

In the load-bearing system of a building, due to static indeterminacy and the mutual support of the most stressed elements, these elements continue to deform even after reaching their maximum load. Calculations of the building at these stages must take into account the actual stiffness of the elements, which are in the stage of pseudoplastic deformation. The main objective of the conducted experimental studies was to determine the curvature values of reinforced concrete sections under bending at all stages of loading, considering the peculiarities of the destruction of the structure. In order to obtain experimental curvature values at the stage of destruction , conditions were created in the experiment for the behavior of the element as part of a rigid system, and a method for measuring deformations was proposed in the form of extended measures with indicators placed beyond the height of the section. Before the onset of the destruction process, the deformation values obtained from these instruments and from traditional strain gauges differed by no more than 15%. Bending tests were conducted on four series of samples with varying longitudinal and transverse reinforcement saturation, and a comparison was made between experimental and theoretical “moment-curvature” diagrams. It was experimentally established that the influence of clamps and compressed reinforcement with different spacing affects the character of the descending branch of the “moment-curvature” diagram, and quantitative assessments of this influence were obtained. At the stage of destruction, the deformability of the elements was determined by the behavior of the equivalent plastic hinge (the failing section), the width of which in our experiments was equal to the spacing of the clamps. As a result of the experiments, relationships between the average curvature and the curvature at the conditional plastic hinge at the failure stage were established. The use of the diagram method for calculating experimental samples, taking into account the operation of the clamps, demonstrated a sufficiently reliable correlation of the results at the destruction stage.

V.A. DZYUBA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.G. CHEPIZUBOV², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..);
R.A. SHTARK¹, Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Komsomolsk-on-Amur State University (27, Lenin Avenue, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, 681013, Russian Federation)
² Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy architecture and construction sciences (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

1. Kolchunov V.I., Bushova O.B. Deformation of reinforced concrete frames of multi-storey buildings in extreme states under special influences. Stroitel’naya Mekhanika Inzhenernykh Kostruktsiy i Sooruzheniy. 2022. No. 18 (4), pp. 297–306. (In Russian). EDN: ­BUPNOO. https://doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2022-18-4-297-306
2. Tamrazyan A.G., Rashidov B.T. On the level of redistribution of moments in statically indeterminate reinforced concrete beams. Stroitel’stvo i rekonstruktsiya. 2018. No. 6, pp. 14–21. (In Russian). EDN: ­YSXCPB
3. Smolyago G.A., Zhdanov A.E., Obernikhina Y.L. Influence of the reinforcement load level on the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams externally reinforced with carbon fiber. Zhelezobetonnye Konstruktsii. 2023. No. 3 (3), pp. 49–61. (In Russian). EDN: ­LCHGNP. https://doi.org/10.22227/2949-1622.2023.3.49-61
4. Rimshin V.I., Krishan A.N., Mukhametzyanov A.I. Construction of the deformation diagram of uniaxially compressed concrete. Vestnik MGSU. 2015. No. 6, pp. 23–31. (In Russian). EDN: ­TYCWVB
5. Radaykin O.V. Theoretical foundations of the diagrammatic method for calculating rod elements made of reinforced concrete. Stroitel’stvo i rekonstruktsiya. 2020. No. 6, pp. 26–42. (In Russian). EDN: ­UANYLR. https://doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2020-92-6-26-42
6. Manaenkov I.K. On the calculation of the curvature of reinforced concrete beams based on the deformation model. Stroitel’stvo i rekonstruktsiya. 2019. No. 6, pp. 19–28. (In Russian). EDN: ­NTPQVR.
https://doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2019-86-6-19-28
7. Fedorova N.V., Phan D.G., Nguyen T. Experimental studies of the survivability of reinforced concrete frames with beams reinforced with indirect reinforcement. Stroitel’stvo i Rekonstruktsiya. 2020. No. 1 (87), pp. 92–100. (In Russian). EDN: ­ITILDU. https://doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2020-87-1-92-100
8. Trekin N.N., Kodysh E.N., Shmakov S.D., Chaganov A.B., Cherepanov A.V., Goncharuk I.V. Deformation of reinforced concrete bending elements at the stage of destruction. Promyshlennoye i Grazhdanskoye Stroitel’stvo. 2024. No. 6, pp. 33–39. (In Russian). EDN: ­LRZBWW. https://doi.org/10.33622/0869-7019.2024.06.33-39
9. Tamrazyan A.G. Using the properties of confined concrete in the analysis of reinforced concrete columns. Izvestiya of higher educational institutions. Textile technology. 2018. No. 5 (377), pp. 197–202. (In Russian). EDN: ­YXCUBN
10. Manaenkov I.K. Experimental studies of reinforced concrete beams with indirect reinforcement of the compressed zone with transverse welded meshes. Izvestiya of Higher Educational Institutions.Textile Technology. 2018. No. 5 (377), pp. 243–248. (In Russian). EDN: ­YXCUEX
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This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state and future prospects of the regulatory framework within the Russian Federation concerning the modification and protection of wood-based construction products. The relevance of this research is driven by the significant growth in wood construction volumes in Russia and the emergence of innovative materials requiring appropriate regulatory oversight. Through a systematic review of existing regulatory documents (GOST standards, Construction Codes – SP) across six key areas (fundamentals and classifications; modified wood; test methods for modified wood; protective agents; test methods for protective agents; protection and modification technologies), critical problems were identified: the obsolescence of a significant portion of standards (especially those from the 1970s-1990s), which fail to account for modern materials and environmental requirements; fragmentation and duplication of test methods leading to contradictions; incomplete coverage regarding innovations (nano-modified wood, bio-protective compounds, process automation); weak harmonization with international norms (ISO, EN, ASTM); and the labor intensity and duration of several test methods (especially biological ones). Pathways for improvement are proposed: prioritizing the updating or cancellation of outdated GOST standards; radical optimization and unification of test methods; development of new standards for innovative materials and technologies; active harmonization with the international regulatory framework; implementation of accelerated laboratory and instrumental control methods; and ensuring systemic interrelation of standards across all stages (materials → testing → technologies → design). The conclusion states that despite the substantial volume of the existing regulatory framework, large-scale modernization, structural optimization, and substantive additions to regulatory documents – with a focus on innovation and sustainability – are required to effectively regulate the dynamically developing market of wood construction materials and ensure the competitiveness of domestic products.

I.V. STEPINA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.V. STROKOVA², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.V. IL’INA³, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, 129337, Moscow, Russian Federation)
² Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov (46, Kostyukova Street, Belgorod, 308012, Russian Federation)
³ Saint-Petersburg State University of Film and Television (13, Pravdy Street, 191119, Sankt-Petersburg, Russian Federation)

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Modern tevhniques of wind impacts on buildings and the pedestrian environment studying including experimental tests in wind tunnels and numerical modeling are summarized. A disk static pressure receiver as an effective tool for experimental evaluation of pedestrian comfort parameters and subsequent validation with computer simulation results is proposed. This tool was used for experimental modeling of the flow about primitives (cube, cylinder, parallelepiped) and their groups. To assess pedestrian comfort, numerical modeling of wind impacts on primitives was performed in the ANSYS CFX hydrogasdynamic analysis package. The data obtained numerically were validated based on the experimental modeling results; good data consistency has been obtained. The high reliability of the research technique using a disk static pressure receiver as a separate tool for determining the pedestrian (bioclimatic) comfort parameters as well as for the numerical experiments validation is shown.

O.I. PODDAEVA¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.F. ZUBKOV², Candidate of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
D.A. KHRAMOV², Postgraduate Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
² Moscow State University named after Lomonosov Scientific Research Institute of Mechanics (1, Michurinsky Prospekt, Moscow, 119192, Russian Federation)

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