AbstractAbout AuthorsReferences
The review of scientific and technical literature on the problem of ensuring fire safety of public and industrial buildings by dividing rooms into fire compartments using transformable fire barriers (TFB), as well as by protecting openings with transformable fire fillings is presented. The general classification of TFB is presented, the requirements for TFB are described, the use cases of various types of TFB and their design features are considered. Engineering solutions for transformable fire shelters, as well as mobile fire barriers, are presented. It has been established that the fire resistance limit of TFB is higher when used in combination with water irrigation, but the disadvantage of the system is the high consumption of coolant (from 0.12 liters/s of water per 1 linear meter of opening width), which, in addition to material costs, also has a destructive effect on finishing materials and building structures. A possible way to solve these problems is to use various fillers in the working cloth that emit inert or extinguishing gases, but this method needs additional verification in the form of modeling and physical experiments.
M.V. GRAVIT, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Associate Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
D.E. SHABUNINA, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
I.L. KOTLYARSKAYA, Junior Researcher (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
O.V. NEDRYSHKIN, Applicant (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.V. CHERKASHIN, Leading engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
D.E. SHABUNINA, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
I.L. KOTLYARSKAYA, Junior Researcher (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
O.V. NEDRYSHKIN, Applicant (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.V. CHERKASHIN, Leading engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (29, Polytechnicheskaya Street, inner city territory Akademicheskoe municipal district, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation)
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2. Chiu S.-H., Wu C., Chen C.-Y., Lin T.-H., Lee S.-K. Improvement of fire safety performance for nursing homes by using fireproof curtains with a water film system. Buildings. 2022. Vol. 12. 1590. DOI: 10.3390/BUILDINGS12101590
3. Liu Q., Xiao J., Cai B., Guo X., Wang H., Chen J., Zhang M., Qiu H., Zheng C., Zhou Y. Numerical simulation on the effect of fire shutter descending height on smoke extraction efficiency in a large atrium. Fire. 2022. Vol. 5. 101. DOI: 10.3390/FIRE5040101
4. Рева Ю.В., Герасимова Т.Н. Современные системы пожарной безопасности торгово-развлекательных центров // XXI век. Техносферная безопасность. 2021. Вып. 6. № 3 (23). С. 303–308. DOI: 10.21285/2500-1582-2021-3-303-308
4. Reva Yu.V., Gerasimova T.N. Modern fire safety systems in shopping and entertainment centers. XXI vek. Tekhnosfernaya bezopasnost’. 2021. Iss. 6, No. 3 (23), pp. 303–308. (In Russian). DOI: 10.21285/2500-1582-2021-3-303-308.
5. Брушлинский Н.Н., Соколов С.В. О статистике пожаров и о пожарных рисках // Пожаровзрывобезопасность. 2011. № 20 (4). С. 40–48.
5. Brushlinsky N.N., Sokolov S.V. On fire statistics and fire risks. Pozharovzryvobezopasnost’. 2011. No. 20 (4), pp. 40–48. (In Russian).
6. Alvarez A., Meacham B.J., Dembsey N.A., Thomas J.R. Twenty years of performance-based fire protection design: challenges faced and a look ahead. Journal of Fire Protection Engineering. 2013. No. 23, pp. 249–276. DOI: 10.1177/1042391513484911/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/10.1177_1042391513484911-FIG1.JPEG
7. Wong L.T. Evaluation of safe distance of fire shutters in shopping malls. Architectural Science Review. Vol. 46 (4), pp. 403–409. DOI: 10.1080/00038628.2003.9697012
8. Gravit M.V., Nedryshkin O.V., Ogidan O.T. Transformable fire barriers in buildings and structures. Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2018. No. 77, pp. 38–46. DOI: 10.18720/MCE.77.4
9. Пресс А.А. Общедоступное руководство для борьбы с огнем. СПб.: Типография В.С. Балашева, 1893. 182 с.
9. Press A.A. Obshchedostupnoye rukovodstvo dlya bor’by s ognem [Publicly available guide to firefighting]. St. Petersburg: Printing house V.S. Balasheva. 1893. 182 p.
10. Patent US 1369518A. Fire-Door. Bumbarger C R. Declared 02.09.1919. Published 22.02.1921
11. Заикин С.В., Страхов В.Л. Трансформируемые огнезащитные ограждающие конструкции повышенной огнестойкости // Вестник МГСУ. 2009. № 4. С. 107–101.
11. Zaikin S.V., Strakhov V.L. Transformable fireproof enclosing structures with increased fire resistance. Vestnik of MGSU. 2009. No. 4, pp. 107–101. (In Russian).
12. Корольченко А.Я., Гетало Д.П. Противопожарные шторы (Обзор) // Пожаровзрывобезопасность. 2015. № 24. С. 56–65.
12. Korolchenko A.Ya., Getalo D.P. Fire curtains (Review). Pozharovzryvobezopasnost’. 2015. No. 24, pp. 56–65. (In Russian).
13. Nedryshkin O., Gravit M., Lyapin A., Voronin V. Overview of fire curtains in construction. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2016. No. 86. 4052. DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/20168604052
14. Соколов В.П. Настоящее и будущее гибких механических трансформируемых дымоогнезащитных преград в автоматизированной системе управления активной противопожарной защиты // Грани безопасности. 2004. № 11. С. 36–39.
14. Sokolov V.P. The present and future of flexible mechanical transformable smoke and fire barriers in an automated control system for active fire protection. Grani bezopasnosti. 2004. No. 11, pp. 36–39. (In Russian).
15. Beckett A., Ross R. PyroShield – A HVAC fire curtain testing robot. Automation in Construction. 2017. No. 81, pp. 234–239. DOI: 10.1016/J.AUTCON.2017.06.009.
16. Ляпин А.В. Современные огне- и дымозащитные преграды // Пожаровзрывобезопасность. 2008. Вып. 17 (6). С. 49–56.
17. Lyapin A.V. Modern fire and smoke barriers. Pozharovzryvobezopasnost’. 2008. Iss. 17 (6), pp. 49–56. (In Russian).
17. Lu K., Xu H., Shi C., Wang Z., Wang J., Ding Y. Numerical investigation of air curtain jet effect on the upper layer temperature evolution of a compartment fire and its transition. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2021. Vol. 197. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.117409
18. Chung D.H., Wang T.C., Tsai M.J., Lin T.H., Lee S.K. To enhance the fire resistance performance of high-speed steel roller door with water film system. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2015. Vol. 2015. DOI: 10.1155/2015/436406
19. Akshata Chaithra C., Anusha Narayan, Niveditha P., Rashmi H.C. Prevention of railway accidents by automatic gate control and fire detection using IoT. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT). 2020. Vol. 8. Iss. 13. DOI: 10.17577/IJERTCONV8IS13001
20. Патент RU2229910C1. Способ ослабления воздействия потока энергии в виде света, тепла и конвективных газовых потоков, огнестойкий экран и огнезащитное укрытие на его основе / Страхов В.Л., Крутов А.М., Заикин С.В., Суханов А.В., Болодьян И.А., Карпов В.Л., Швырков С.А., Рубцов В.В. Заявл. 30.01.2003. Опубл. 10.06.2004.
20. Patent RU2229910C1. Sposob oslableniya vozdeystviya potoka energii v vide sveta, tepla i konvektivnykh gazovykh potokov, ognestoykiy ekran i ognezashchitnoye ukrytiye na yego osnove [A method for reducing the impact of energy flow in the form of light, heat and convective gas flows, a fire-resistant screen and a fire-resistant shelter based on it]. Strakhov V.L., Krutov A.M., Zaikin S.V., Sukhanov A.V., Bolodyan I.A., Karpov V.L., Shvyrkov S.A., Rubtsov V.V. Declared 30.01.2003. Published 10.06.2004.
21. Патент RU156814U1. Мобильная противопожарная преграда / Усанович С.А., Панова Т.В., Панов М.В., Шкрабак В.С., Шкрабак Р.В., Шкрабак В.В. Заявл. 10.06.2015. Опубл. 20.11.2015.
21. Patent RU156814U1. Mobil’naya protivopozharnaya pregrada [Mobile fire barrier] Usanovich S.A., Panova T.V., Panov M.V., Shkrabak V.S., Shkrabak R.V., Shkrabak V.V. Declared 10.06.2015. Published 20.11.2015.
22. Шкрабак В.С., Панова Т.В., Усанович С.А. Обеспечение пожарной безопасности АЗС посредством применения мобильной противопожарной преграды // Аграрный научный журнал. 2015. № 11. С. 55–57.
22. Shkrabak V.S., Panova T.V., Usanovich S.A. Ensuring fire safety of gas stations through the use of a mobile fire barrier. Agrarnyy nauchnyy zhurnal. 2015. No. 11, pp. 55–57. (In Russian).
23. Pereira D.J.S., Viegas C., Panão M.R.O. Heat transfer model of fire protection fiberglass thermal barrier coated with thin aluminium layer. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2022. No. 184 (60). 122301. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.122301
24. Koshlak, H., Pavlenko, A.Design of the thermal insulation porous materials based on technogenic mineral fillers. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies. 2017. No. 15 (89), pp. 58–63. DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2017.111996
25. Gravit M., Klementev B., Shabunina D. Fire resistance of steel structures with epoxy fire protection under cryogenic exposure. Buildings. 2021. Vol. 11. 537. DOI: 10.3390/buildings11110537
26. Минкин Д.А., Загайнов К.В. Материалы и методы повышения огнестойкости огнезащитных противопожарных штор // Природные и техногенные риски (физико-математические и прикладные аспекты). 2020. № 1. С. 57–65.
26. Minkin D.A., Zagaynov K.V. Materials and methods for improving of fire-protective curains fire ressistance. Prirodnye i tekhnogennye riski (fiziko-matematicheskie i prikladnye aspekty). 2020. No. 1, pp. 57–65. (In Russian).
27. Nikitina M., Ustinov A., Kiseleva V., Babikov I. New fire retardant compositions for fire-resistant automatic curtains. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018. 245. DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201824511004
28. Gravit M., Shabunina D., Nedryshkin O. The fire resistance of transformable barriers: influence of the large-scale factor. Fire. 2023. Vol. 6. 294. DOI: 10.3390/FIRE6080294
29. Patent CN 216135624 U. Fire-resistant flame-retardant curtain fabric / Wu Dongmei. Declared 23.08.2021. Published 29.03.2022
30. Patent EP 3912690 B1 Multi layer fire curtain / Lambridis Andrew C., Gomaa Ashraf, Escobar Oscar A. Declared 18.05.2021. Published 25.10.2023.
31. Nascimento L., Silva A., Carvalho J., Vilarinho C. Life cycle assessment of the production of a fire curtain. In book: WASTES: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities IV, pp. 446–451. DOI: 10.1201/9781003345084-72
32. Патент RU2725720C1. Огнестойкое многослойное изделие для огнезащиты строительных конструкций / Прусаков В.А., Гравит М.В., Антонов С.П. Заявл. 06.03.2020. Опубл. 03.07.2020.
32. Patent RU2725720C1. Ognestoykoye mnogosloynoye izdeliye dlya ognezashchity stroitel’nykh konstruktsiy [Fire-resistant multilayer product for fire protection of building structures] / Prusakov V.A., Gravit M.V., Antonov S.P. Declared 06.03.2020. Published 03.07.2020. (In Russian).
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For citation: Gravit M.V., Shabunina D.E., Kotlyarskaya I.L. Nedryshkin O.V., Cherkashin A.V. Transformable fire barriers for filling openings (overview). Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo [Housing Construction]. 2023. No. 4, pp. 31–41. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2024-4-31-41