AbstractAbout AuthorsReferences
The construction of station complexes is carried out in an open way under the protection of various enclosing structures. There is a variety of pit fences that effectively prevent the displacement of the soil towards the workings in conjunction with the work of spacer systems. However, even with the correct design justification of the enclosing structures of open workings, this method of construction of underground and buried structures in any case has an impact on the surrounding buildings, structures and engineering communications. Assessment of the impact on the surrounding development from the production of works is an important task, since it is necessary to predict as accurately as possible additional movements of the soil mass outside the pit, and, in case of exceeding the maximum permissible values of buildings or structures, to develop effective emergency measures. In this article, the authors reviewed such factors of mathematical modeling in the Plaxis as a soil model, the scheme of computational modeling, the discretization of the finite element grid, modeling of stages of work, construction water reduction by wellpoints and an open drainage system, taking into account the strength and rigidity of contact elements. Additionally, the paper analyzes the methods of modeling the structural scheme of the building, studied the effect of the presence of a joint between the walls of the pit, compiled recommendations that can be taken into account when calculating the impact on buildings and structures from deep pits, and also noted the factors that have the greatest impact on the accuracy of calculations and the adequacy of the predicted results.
A.Z. TER-MARTIROSYAN1, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Vice-Rector (gic-mgsu @mail.ru);
V.P. KIVLYUK2, Executive Director (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
I.O. ISAEV2, Head of the Department (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.V. SHISHKINA1,2, Postgraduate Student, Lead Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
V.P. KIVLYUK2, Executive Director (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
I.O. ISAEV2, Head of the Department (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.V. SHISHKINA1,2, Postgraduate Student, Lead Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
1 National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
2 Mosinzhproekt Joint Stock Company (10, Hodynsky Boulevard, Moscow, 125252, Russian Federation)
1. Petrukhin V.P., Kolybin I.V., Razvodovskii D.E. Ograzhdayushchie konstruktsii kotlovanov, metody stroitel’stva podzemnykh i zaglublennykh sooruzhenii [Enclosing structures of pits, methods of construction of underground and buried structures]. Moscow: Rossiiskaya arkhitekturno-stroitel’naya entsiklopediya. 2008, pp. 212–219.
2. Chunyuk D.Yu. Assessment and risk management in the construction of underground structures in pits. Vestnik MGSU. 2009. No. 3, pp. 120–123. (In Russian).
3. Shulyat’ev O.A., Minakov D.K. Technological settlements during the construction of a diaphragm wall. Vestnik PNIPU. Stroitel’stvo i arkhitektura. 2017. Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 41–50. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2017.3.05
4. Alirzaev E.I., Dement’eva M.E. Choice of technologies of ensuring exploitation suitability of buildings in the underground construction area. Vestnik MGSU. 2002. No. 3, pp. 452–461. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.3.452-461
5. Nikiforova N.S., Konnov A.V., Nguen Van Khoa, Prostotina L.A. Influence of Installing Cut-off Screens Executed According to the Jet Technology on Settling of Surrounding Development. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Constructions]. 2009. No. 7, pp. 3–8. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-7-3-8
6. Il’ichev V.A., Nikiforova N.S., Gotman Yu.A., Tupi-kov M.M., Trofimov E.Yu. Analysis of the use of active and passive methods of protection of existing buildings in underground construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Constructions]. 2013. No. 6, pp. 25–27. (In Russian).
7. Il’ichev V.A., Nikiforova N.S., Gotman Yu.A., Trofimov E.Yu. The Efficiencyof Active and Passive Methods for Protection of Thebuildings Surrounding the Area of Underground Construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Constructions]. 2015. No. 6, pp. 11–15. (In Russian).
8. Reshendorfer Yu., Zhukov V.N., Maier K. Compensatory injection as a way to ensure the stability of buildings and structures during tunneling. Metro i tonneli. 2008. No. 4, pp. 26–28. (In Russian).
9. Luzin I.N. Calculation of the stress-strain state of the foundations in the process of compensatory injection. Stroitel’stvo I Architectura. 2020. Vol. 8. No. 1, pp. 33–38. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.29039/2308-0191-2020-8-1-33-38
10. Kivlyuk V.P., Isaev I.O., Alekseev V.A., Shishkina V.V. Application of compensatory injection technology to ensure the safety of surrounding buildings during the construction of station complexes. Geotechnica. 2021. Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 56–66. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25296/2221-5514-2021-13-1-56-66
11. Demenkov P.A., Goldobina L.A., Trushko O.V. A method for predicting the deformation of the earth’s surface during the construction of pits in conditions of dense urban development using the “wall in the ground” method. Zapiski Gornogo instituta. 2018. Vol. 233, pp. 480–486. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31897/PMI.2018.5.480
12. Demenkov P.A., Trushko O.V., Komolov V.V. Prediction of subsidence of the earth’s surface during the construction of a pit near the building. Izvestiya TulGU. Nauki o zemle. 2019. No. 2, pp. 300–309. (In Russian).
13. Ter-Martirosyan A.Z., Cherkesov R.Kh., Isaev I.O., Grishin V.S. The impact of the foundation pit with additional transverse walls on the surrounding building and the assessment of the effectiveness of the measures under consideration. Stroitel’stvo and geotechnica. 2021. Vol. 12. No. 4, pp. 54–66. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2021.4.04
14. Kullingsjö A. Effects of deep excavations in soft clay on the immediate surroundings. 17-th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ICSMGE 2009. Alexandria. Egypt. 2009. Vol. 3, pp. 1923–1930. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.3233/978-1-60750-031-5-1923
15. Stepanenko S.V. Studies of displacements of the wall of bored-secant piles during the construction of the pit. Zapiski Gornogo instituta. 2012. Vol. 199, pp. 196–198. (In Russian).
16. Schanz T., Vermeer P. A., Bonnier P. G. The hardening soil model: formulation and verification. In the book: Beyond 2000 in Computational Geotechnics. London: Routledge. 1999, pp. 281–296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315138206-27
17. Karasev M.A., Potemkin D.A. Substantiation of the geomechanical model of the environment for the prediction of deformations of the soil massif in the surroundings of a deep pit. Zapiski Gornogo instituta. 2013. Vol. 204, pp. 263–268. (In Russian).
18. Protosenya A.G., Karasev M.A. Design of a numerical model for predicting deformations of a soil massif during the construction of a semi-buried structure in the ABAQUS. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov. 2014. No. 2, pp. 2–6. (In Russian).
19. Ustinov D.V. Impact of the enclosing massif model selection over the results of subway tunnels excavation modelling. Geotechnica. 2018. Vol. 10, No. 5–6, pp. 34–41. (In Russian).
20. Mirnyi A.Yu., Ter-Martirosyan A.Z. Applications of modern mechanical soil models. Geotechnica. 2017. No. 1, pp. 20–26. (In Russian).
21. Golubev A.I., Seletskii A.V. Selection of the soil model and its parameters in the calculations of geotechnical objects. NIP-Informatika. 2010. http://www.nipinfor.ru/publications/10063/ (Date of access 14.09.2022). (In Russian).
22. Gouw T.-L. Common mistakes on the application of Plaxis 2D in analyzing excavation problems. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research. 2014. Vol. 9, pp. 8291–8311.
23. Finno R.J., Blackburn J.T., Roboski J.F. Three-dimensional effects for supported excavations in clay. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 2007. Vol. 133, No. 1, pp. 30–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:1(30)
24. Der-Guey Lin, Siu-Mun Woo. Three-dimensional analysis of deep excavations in Taipei 101 Construction Project. Journal of GeoEngineering. 2007. Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 29–41.
25. Junbin T., Xiangyi Z., Yang S., Guojian S. Analysis of pit corner effect of special-shaped foundation pit of subway station. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science. 2020. Vol. 558, No. 3, pp. 032032. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/558/3/032032/pdf (Date of access 14.09.2022). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/558/3/032032
26. Pospekhov V.S. Investigation of the angular effect of the construction of the pit fence. Vestnik PNIPU. 2014. No. 2, pp. 238–248. (In Russian).
27. Kim H.L., Zubaidah I., Roslan H., 2016. 3D finite element analysis of a deep excavation considering the effect of anisotropic wall stiffness. Conference: 19th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2016.
28. Roboski J. F. Three-Dimensional Effects for Supported Excavations in Clay. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 2007. Vol. 133, Iss. 1. DOI: DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:1(30)
29. Liu Y., Glass G. 2013. Effects of mesh density on finite element analysis. SAE Technical Paper. 2013, pp. 1375–1381. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1375
30. Ashford S.A., Sitar N. Effect of element size on the static finite element analysis of steep slopes. International journal for numerical and analytical methods in geomechanics. 2001. Vol. 25, pp. 1361–1376. DOI: https://doi.org/ 0.1002/nag.184
31. Ou C-Y, Chiou D-C, Wu T-S. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of deep excavation. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 1996. Vol. 122, Iss. 5, pp. 337–345. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1996)122:5(337)
32. Ter-Martirosyan Z.G., Vanina Yu.V. The stress-strain state of the soil body in the quarter plane subjected to the strip load. Vestnik MGSU. 2020. Vol. 15. No. 11, pp. 1505–1512. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.11.1505-1512
33. Flamant A. Sur la répartition des pressions dans un solide rectangulaire chargé transversalement. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences. 1892. Vol. 114, pp. 1465–1468.
34. Shishkin V.Ya., Pogorelov A.E., Makeev V.A. Strengthening of the existing building during the construction of a building with a pit of 18–20 m. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Constructions]. 2011. No. 1, pp. 32–38. (In Russian).
35. Isaev O.N., Sharafutdinov R.F. Soil shear strength at the structure interface. Soil mechanics and foundation engineering. 2020, Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 139–146. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11204-020-09649-0
36. Ter-Martirosyan A.Z., Sidorov V.V., Almakaeva A.S. Features and difficulties of determining strength on the contact of soil and structural materials. Geotechnica. 2019. Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 30–40. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25296/2221-5514-2019-11-4-30-40
37. Kharlamova E.A., Sainov M.P. Influence of contact dam-rock strength on deflected mode of earth dam. Vestnik MGSU. 2011. No. 5, pp. 18–23. (In Russian).
2. Chunyuk D.Yu. Assessment and risk management in the construction of underground structures in pits. Vestnik MGSU. 2009. No. 3, pp. 120–123. (In Russian).
3. Shulyat’ev O.A., Minakov D.K. Technological settlements during the construction of a diaphragm wall. Vestnik PNIPU. Stroitel’stvo i arkhitektura. 2017. Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 41–50. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2017.3.05
4. Alirzaev E.I., Dement’eva M.E. Choice of technologies of ensuring exploitation suitability of buildings in the underground construction area. Vestnik MGSU. 2002. No. 3, pp. 452–461. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.3.452-461
5. Nikiforova N.S., Konnov A.V., Nguen Van Khoa, Prostotina L.A. Influence of Installing Cut-off Screens Executed According to the Jet Technology on Settling of Surrounding Development. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Constructions]. 2009. No. 7, pp. 3–8. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-7-3-8
6. Il’ichev V.A., Nikiforova N.S., Gotman Yu.A., Tupi-kov M.M., Trofimov E.Yu. Analysis of the use of active and passive methods of protection of existing buildings in underground construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Constructions]. 2013. No. 6, pp. 25–27. (In Russian).
7. Il’ichev V.A., Nikiforova N.S., Gotman Yu.A., Trofimov E.Yu. The Efficiencyof Active and Passive Methods for Protection of Thebuildings Surrounding the Area of Underground Construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Constructions]. 2015. No. 6, pp. 11–15. (In Russian).
8. Reshendorfer Yu., Zhukov V.N., Maier K. Compensatory injection as a way to ensure the stability of buildings and structures during tunneling. Metro i tonneli. 2008. No. 4, pp. 26–28. (In Russian).
9. Luzin I.N. Calculation of the stress-strain state of the foundations in the process of compensatory injection. Stroitel’stvo I Architectura. 2020. Vol. 8. No. 1, pp. 33–38. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.29039/2308-0191-2020-8-1-33-38
10. Kivlyuk V.P., Isaev I.O., Alekseev V.A., Shishkina V.V. Application of compensatory injection technology to ensure the safety of surrounding buildings during the construction of station complexes. Geotechnica. 2021. Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 56–66. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25296/2221-5514-2021-13-1-56-66
11. Demenkov P.A., Goldobina L.A., Trushko O.V. A method for predicting the deformation of the earth’s surface during the construction of pits in conditions of dense urban development using the “wall in the ground” method. Zapiski Gornogo instituta. 2018. Vol. 233, pp. 480–486. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31897/PMI.2018.5.480
12. Demenkov P.A., Trushko O.V., Komolov V.V. Prediction of subsidence of the earth’s surface during the construction of a pit near the building. Izvestiya TulGU. Nauki o zemle. 2019. No. 2, pp. 300–309. (In Russian).
13. Ter-Martirosyan A.Z., Cherkesov R.Kh., Isaev I.O., Grishin V.S. The impact of the foundation pit with additional transverse walls on the surrounding building and the assessment of the effectiveness of the measures under consideration. Stroitel’stvo and geotechnica. 2021. Vol. 12. No. 4, pp. 54–66. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2021.4.04
14. Kullingsjö A. Effects of deep excavations in soft clay on the immediate surroundings. 17-th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ICSMGE 2009. Alexandria. Egypt. 2009. Vol. 3, pp. 1923–1930. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.3233/978-1-60750-031-5-1923
15. Stepanenko S.V. Studies of displacements of the wall of bored-secant piles during the construction of the pit. Zapiski Gornogo instituta. 2012. Vol. 199, pp. 196–198. (In Russian).
16. Schanz T., Vermeer P. A., Bonnier P. G. The hardening soil model: formulation and verification. In the book: Beyond 2000 in Computational Geotechnics. London: Routledge. 1999, pp. 281–296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315138206-27
17. Karasev M.A., Potemkin D.A. Substantiation of the geomechanical model of the environment for the prediction of deformations of the soil massif in the surroundings of a deep pit. Zapiski Gornogo instituta. 2013. Vol. 204, pp. 263–268. (In Russian).
18. Protosenya A.G., Karasev M.A. Design of a numerical model for predicting deformations of a soil massif during the construction of a semi-buried structure in the ABAQUS. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov. 2014. No. 2, pp. 2–6. (In Russian).
19. Ustinov D.V. Impact of the enclosing massif model selection over the results of subway tunnels excavation modelling. Geotechnica. 2018. Vol. 10, No. 5–6, pp. 34–41. (In Russian).
20. Mirnyi A.Yu., Ter-Martirosyan A.Z. Applications of modern mechanical soil models. Geotechnica. 2017. No. 1, pp. 20–26. (In Russian).
21. Golubev A.I., Seletskii A.V. Selection of the soil model and its parameters in the calculations of geotechnical objects. NIP-Informatika. 2010. http://www.nipinfor.ru/publications/10063/ (Date of access 14.09.2022). (In Russian).
22. Gouw T.-L. Common mistakes on the application of Plaxis 2D in analyzing excavation problems. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research. 2014. Vol. 9, pp. 8291–8311.
23. Finno R.J., Blackburn J.T., Roboski J.F. Three-dimensional effects for supported excavations in clay. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 2007. Vol. 133, No. 1, pp. 30–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:1(30)
24. Der-Guey Lin, Siu-Mun Woo. Three-dimensional analysis of deep excavations in Taipei 101 Construction Project. Journal of GeoEngineering. 2007. Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 29–41.
25. Junbin T., Xiangyi Z., Yang S., Guojian S. Analysis of pit corner effect of special-shaped foundation pit of subway station. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science. 2020. Vol. 558, No. 3, pp. 032032. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/558/3/032032/pdf (Date of access 14.09.2022). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/558/3/032032
26. Pospekhov V.S. Investigation of the angular effect of the construction of the pit fence. Vestnik PNIPU. 2014. No. 2, pp. 238–248. (In Russian).
27. Kim H.L., Zubaidah I., Roslan H., 2016. 3D finite element analysis of a deep excavation considering the effect of anisotropic wall stiffness. Conference: 19th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2016.
28. Roboski J. F. Three-Dimensional Effects for Supported Excavations in Clay. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 2007. Vol. 133, Iss. 1. DOI: DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:1(30)
29. Liu Y., Glass G. 2013. Effects of mesh density on finite element analysis. SAE Technical Paper. 2013, pp. 1375–1381. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1375
30. Ashford S.A., Sitar N. Effect of element size on the static finite element analysis of steep slopes. International journal for numerical and analytical methods in geomechanics. 2001. Vol. 25, pp. 1361–1376. DOI: https://doi.org/ 0.1002/nag.184
31. Ou C-Y, Chiou D-C, Wu T-S. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of deep excavation. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 1996. Vol. 122, Iss. 5, pp. 337–345. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1996)122:5(337)
32. Ter-Martirosyan Z.G., Vanina Yu.V. The stress-strain state of the soil body in the quarter plane subjected to the strip load. Vestnik MGSU. 2020. Vol. 15. No. 11, pp. 1505–1512. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.11.1505-1512
33. Flamant A. Sur la répartition des pressions dans un solide rectangulaire chargé transversalement. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences. 1892. Vol. 114, pp. 1465–1468.
34. Shishkin V.Ya., Pogorelov A.E., Makeev V.A. Strengthening of the existing building during the construction of a building with a pit of 18–20 m. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Constructions]. 2011. No. 1, pp. 32–38. (In Russian).
35. Isaev O.N., Sharafutdinov R.F. Soil shear strength at the structure interface. Soil mechanics and foundation engineering. 2020, Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 139–146. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11204-020-09649-0
36. Ter-Martirosyan A.Z., Sidorov V.V., Almakaeva A.S. Features and difficulties of determining strength on the contact of soil and structural materials. Geotechnica. 2019. Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 30–40. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25296/2221-5514-2019-11-4-30-40
37. Kharlamova E.A., Sainov M.P. Influence of contact dam-rock strength on deflected mode of earth dam. Vestnik MGSU. 2011. No. 5, pp. 18–23. (In Russian).
For citation: Ter-Martirosyan A.Z., Kivlyuk V.P., Isaev I.O., Shishkina V.V. Analysis of the calculated prerequisites for the geotechnical forecast of new construction on the surrounding buildings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2022. No. 9, pp. 57–66. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2022-9-57-66