The paper addresses the energy performance of buildings in the hot, sharply continental climate of Uzbekistan, where a major share of energy consumption is driven by air-conditioning systems. Based on a review of facade insulation solutions commonly used in CIS countries, the study highlights the dominance of composite rendering facade systems (ETICS) and discusses the limitations of current Russian design codes, which are primarily focused on heat loss during cold periods. To quantify the impact of thermal insulation type on actual energy use, a full-scale experiment was carried out with three ETICS variants: extruded polystyrene foam (XPS), mineral wool and a reference wall without insulation. The facades were designed to provide comparable calculated thermal resistance in accordance with SP 50.13330.2024 and local climate data. A methodology is proposed for comparing design-based and measured energy performance over long-term monitoring, and several hypotheses are formulated regarding the role of previously unaccounted facade parameters such as moisture dynamics, thermal inertia and solar radiation in hot climates.

Ya.E. BEGICH¹, Research Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.I. ENIKEEV¹, Research Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
O.N. STOLYAROV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
S.V. KUSHNIR², Head of the Cladding Products and Materials Sector (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
E.A. PAVLOVA², Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU) (29, Politekhnicheskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation)
² Central Research Institute of Building Structures named after V.A. Kucherenko JSC “Research Center “Construction”, Laboratory of Reliability of Facades and Thermal Insulation Facade Systems (6, 2nd Institutskaya Street Moscow,109428, Russian Federation)

1. Fereidani N.A., Rodrigues E., Gaspar A.R. A review of the energy implications of passive building design and active measures under climate change in the Middle East. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021. Vol. 305. 127152. EDN: ­KKUVCV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127152
2. Davraz M., Akdağ A.E., Koru M. Comparison of the thermal performance and unit costs of a thermal insulation plaster developed for building applications with alternative insulation materials. Construction and Building Materials. 2026. Vol. 511. 145310. EDN: ­KPHJMU. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145310
3. Merc K.E., Ekici B. High-performance envelopes in the Mediterranean: Energy and comfort effects of BIPVs, shading devices, and green walls. Energy and Buildings. 2026. Vol. 358. 117222. EDN: ­WGDHJN. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117222
4. Mohammed Arandah W.M., Samir Hassan M., Mosleh Saleh N., Abdel-Hamid M. Optimizing energy and carbon emissions in Egyptian residential buildings using simulation-based EDGE standards. HBRC Journal. 2025. Vol. 21. No. 1, pp. 265–283. EDN: ­RARDKE. https://doi.org/10.1080/16874048.2025.2479990
5. Huo H., Deng X., Wei Y., Liu Z., Liu M., Tang L. Optimization of energy-saving renovation technology for existing buildings in a hot summer and cold winter area. Journal of Building Engineering. 2024. Vol. 86. 108597. EDN: ­AUURAK. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.108597
6. Manos G.C., Melidis L., Katakalos K. Out-of-plane flexure of external Thermal-insulation attached to Non-load-bearing masonry walls. Structures. 2023. Vol. 53, pp. 779-796. EDN: ­CDDOYY.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.04.098
7. O’Flaherty F., Alam M. Thermal and sound insulation performance assessment of vacuum insulated composite insulation panels for building facades. Advances in Building Energy Research. 2021. Vol. 15. No. 3, pp. 270–290.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17512549.2018.1520645
8. Zhao J., Xu Y., Kou Z., Guo J., Grunewald J. Hygrothermal performance of the building envelope insulated by the silica aerogel composites in different climates. Energy and Buildings. 2025. Vol. 344. 116009. EDN: ­QAXGFH.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116009
9. Gabriel E., Fernandes de Sousa Lima S., Bonadiman Buligon L., Portolan dos Santos Í. Optimization of building envelopes for zero-energy social housing in southern brazilian bioclimatic zones using multi-criteria decision analysis. Energy and Buildings. 2026. Vol. 357. 117119. EDN: ­BWVGLT. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117119
10. Villano F., Ascione F., Cholewa T., De Masi R.F., Mauro G.M., Ruggiero S. Climate change impact on envelope retrofit effectiveness: energy and carbon performance of Italian residential and office buildings today vs. 2050. Energy and Buildings. 2026. Vol. 357. 117145. EDN: ­BCCGWJ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117145
11. Cusenza M.A., Guarino F., Longo S., Cellura M. An integrated energy simulation and life cycle assessment to measure the operational and embodied energy of a Mediterranean net zero energy building. Energy and Buildings. 2022. Vol. 254. 111558. EDN: ­GXPGXG. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111558
12. Awad H., Secchi L., Gül M., Ge H., Knudson R., Al-Hussein M. Thermal resistance of multi-functional panels in cold-climate regions. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021. Vol. 33. 101838. EDN: ­PGJGUZ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101838
13. Belous A.N., Overchenko M.V., Begich Ya.E., Be-lous O.E., Enikeev A.I. Thermal characteristics of thermal insulation materials under quasi-stationary thermal conditions. Vestnik of Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 2025. Vol. 27. No. 5, pp. 185–199. (In Russian). EDN: ­QVBCGZ. https://doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2025-27-5-185-199
14. Xu F., Wang H., Tian D., Gao Z., Zhang J. Factors affecting the daytime cooling effect of cool materials: A case study combining experiment and simulation. Building and Environment. 2024. Vol. 250. 111213. EDN: ­YJWJKC.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111213
15. He Y., Duan Z., Song M., Dai M., Zhang X., Chen Y., Li C., Xu L., Lu Y., Tan C.L., Liu J. Thermal and energy saving performance of photovoltaic-green roof: An experimental and modeling study in hot summer and cold winter area. Energy and Buildings. 2026. Vol. 359. 117307. EDN: ­TBKOZO. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117307
16. Haidar G., Kravchenko I., Ferrantelli A. Optimizing the thermal performance of double skin Facades in a cold climate with phase change materials and cavity ventilation. Energy and Buildings. 2026. Vol. 358.117248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117248
17. Kang Y., Kim S. Sustainable Retrofit of a Historic Building Using Wall Insulation: Balancing Heritage Preservation and Energy Performance. International Journal of Thermophysics. 2025. Vol. 46. No. 9. 123. EDN: ­OEZFHO.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-025-03602-9
18. Ragab A.H.S., Attiah E.M.E., Shebl M.A., Nasser  A.A.H. Comparative analysis of thermal performance for precast panel systems with conventional and innovative insulation materials. HBRC Journal. 2023. Vol. 19. No. 1, pp. 427–-452. EDN: ­IIWIZM. https://doi.org/10.1080/16874048.2023.2283294
19. Aslani A., Hachem-Vermette C. Energy and environmental assessment of high-performance building envelope in cold climate. Energy and Buildings. 2022. Vol. 260. 111924. EDN: ­DUSDYU. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.111924
20. Begich Ya.E., Pavlenko N.V. Naberezhny A.D., Turantaev E.E., Kushnir S.V. Investigation of energy efficiency of facade thermal insulation composite systems with different thermal insulation types in a sharply continental climate. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2025. No. 5, pp. 58–65. (In Russian). EDN: ­VQBWBY. https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2025-5-58-65

The architectural monuments of temple buildings of the VI–XIII centuries in the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic with an accent on their religious and defense purposes are considered. Three key monuments are analyzed: the temple in the Chegem gorge (Lygyt settlement), the church in the Khulamo-Bezengi gorge (Khulam) and the construction at the cemetery near the village of Kurnoyat. Based on archaeological data, expeditions descriptions and building features, layout and functional structure of objects interpretation the comprehensive study of their role in the socio-religious and defense system of medieval Alan settlements is conducted. Special attention is paid to the temple in Lygyt (dated the VI–VIII centuries), the earliest and the largest of the known monuments. It is considered as the center of religious, economic and defense life of the region, which is confirmed by its inclusion in the fortifications system along with the Totur-Kala tower and the available underground water pipeline. The signs of syncretism are revealed: a combination of Christian burials with elements of pre-Christian religious buildings in the altar. Controversial cases are being investigated, such as the small size of the church in Kurnoyat, which cause discussions about its true purpose – a temple or a mausoleum. The analysis of frescoes in Khulam allows judging the population artistic traditions and its ethnic types. The main conclusion is that the temple structures in the mountainous zone of Kabardino-Balkaria had not only religious, but also important defense and strategic function being part of fortified settlements. Their architecture reflects a unique synthesis of Christian religious forms, local traditions and the highlands conditions, which testifies to the complex religious and cultural history of the region.

A.M. SULTANOVA, Candidate of Art Critisism (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. )

Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov (173, Chernyshevsky Street, Nalchik, 360004, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russian Federation)

1. Fomenko V.A. The history of the study of archaeological sites in the territory of modern Kabardino-Balkaria in the last third of the XVIII – early XX centuries. Nauchnyi Dialog. 2019. № 8, pp. 390–403. (In Russian). EDN: ­GHYXAJ. https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2019-8-390-403
2. Khatukhov A.M. Folk architecture of Kabardins and Balkars as a reflection of landscape and climatic conditions and its transformation in the light of the inclusion of historical Kabarda into Russia. Doklady of the Adyghe (Circassian) International Academy of Sciences. 2025. Vol. 25. No. 3, pp. 77–87. (In Russian). EDN: ­UCVBUR. https://doi.org/10.47928/1726-9946-2025-25-3-77-87
3 Bataeva P.D., Sheina S.G., Abdullaev M.A.-V. Features of the tower architecture of the North Caucasus. Vestnik Complex Research Institute named after Kh.I. Ibragimov Russian Academy of Sciences. 2021. No. 5, pp. 41–48. (In Russian). EDN: ­LGZDGG. https://doi.org/10.34824/VKNIIRAN.2021.5.1.005
4. Ilyasov L.M. Problems of chronology and evolution of medieval architectural structures in mountainousChechnya. Vestnik Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic. 2024. No. 1 (64), pp. 65–70. (In Russian). EDN: ­IIFGZZ.
https://doi.org/10.25744/vestnik.2024.40.67.010
5. Sabanchiev H.M.A., Gegraev H.K., Barazbiev M.I. Settlements and settlement culture of the Balkars before the 20s of the XX century. Voprosy Istorii. 2021. No. 9–2, pp. 216–226. (In Russian). EDN: ­YWFSNP.
https://doi.org/10.31166/VoprosyIstorii202109Statyi50
6. Sabanchiev H.M.A. Housing as a component of the culture of life support for Balkarians in the XIX – early XX century. Vestnik Vestnik Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic. 2023. No. 1 (60), pp. 29–34. (In Russian). EDN: ­XCRAZD. https://doi.org/10.25744/vestnik.2023.60.1.003
7. Shirokalova G.S., Bataev D.K.S., Bataeva P.D., Konyukhov V.Yu. The revival of historical heritage sites in the North Caucasus under conditions of urbanization. Ustoichivoe Razvitie Gornykh Territorii. 2023. Vol. 15. No. 4 (58), pp. 929–940. (In Russian). EDN: ­ZMRCWX. https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-4-929-940
8. Savchenko I.A., Bataev D.K.S., Daukaev A.A., Bataeva P.D. Restoration of urban monuments: the resource potential of the North Caucasus. Ustoichivoe Razvitie Gornykh Territorii. 2023. Vol. 15. No. 2 (56), pp. 431–441. (In Russian). EDN: ­BGCYJY. https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-431-441

This article examines the designs and buildings constructed to accommodate employees engaged in the operation and maintenance of the Ussuri Railway, now forming part of the Trans-Siberian Railway along the Vladivostok–Khabarovsk route. Attention is paid to the northern section extending across the territory of present-day Khabarovsk Krai, from Bikin Station to Khabarovsk. The study is based on archival materials, including architectural drawings, explanatory notes, inventories, and photographs from the collections of the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East and the State Archive of Khabarovsk Krai. In 2024–2025, the authors conducted field surveys of surviving buildings located near the historic stations of the North Ussuri Railway. These investigations made it possible to clarify the current condition of the structures, document elements of their architectural appearance and construction features, and assess the degree to which their original spatial and planning solutions have been preserved. A comparison of field observations with archival sources made it possible to reconstruct the original forms of development, identify characteristic design approaches, and determine the specific features of the architectural formation of the residential environment for workers of the northern section of the Ussuri Railway.

E.V. GLATOLENKOVA, Candidate of Architecture (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.A. VORONINA, Bachelor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
U.A. BANNOVA, Bachelor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Pacific National University (136, Tikhookeanskaya Street, Khabarovsk, 680035, Russian Federation)

1. Savinova V.A. Typology of scientific research facilities in the polar regions. Academia. Arkhitektura i Stroitel’stvo. 2023. No. 2, pp. 97–107. (In Russian). EDN: ­VJHYBS. https://doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2023-2-97-107
2. Petukhova N.M. Architectural complex of the Vologda – Arkhangelsk railway. Izvestiya of Higher Educational Institutions. Lesnoj Zhurnal. 2007. No. 3, pp. 138–144. (In Russian). EDN: ­ICGWXN
3. Bazilevich M.E., Kradin N.P., Ivanova A.P. Arkhitektory i inzhenery vostochnykh okrain Rossii vtoroi poloviny XIX – nachala XX veka [Architects and engineers of the eastern suburbs of Russia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century]. Khabarovsk: Pacific State University. 2023. 272 p.
4. Tseluiko D.S., Bazilevich M.E. Architectural and planning features of art. Kuanchengzi. Proekt Baikal. 2025. Vol. 22. No. 84, pp. 132–137. (In Russian). EDN: ­FZXLGX. https://doi.org/10.51461/issn.2309-3072/84.2562
5. Kim A.A., Pugacheva E.A. Features of urban planning development in Manchukuo. Proekt Baikal. 2025. Vol. 22. No. 84, pp. 94–99. (In Russian). EDN: ­RYDDMH. https://doi.org/10.51461/issn.2309-3072/84.2554
6. Pugacheva E.A., Kim A.A., Kurbatov R.K. Features of the formation of urban art of Manchukuo. Vestnik of the Saint Petersburg University. Iskusstvovedenie. 2026. Vol. 16. No. 1, pp. 152–172. (In Russian). EDN: ­YJTKQN
7. Khodiakov M.V. Modernization of the Ussuriysk line of the Chinese-Eastern Railway: Nikolskaya branch in 1906–1919. Vestnik of the Novosibirsk State University. Seriya: Istoriya, filologiya. 2025. Vol. 24. No. 8, pp. 111–122. (In Russian). EDN: ­QQJAIG. https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2025-24-8-111-122
8. Zhuravleva A.G., Osina N.A., Yudaev I.A. Typology of historical objects of railway infrastructure. Vestnik Grazhdanskikh Inzhenerov. 2025. No. 1 (108), pp. 5–14. (In Russian). EDN: ­FNYSUF. https://doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2025-22-1-5-14
9. Chaynikova O.A. Methodological approaches to assessing the value of lost cultural heritage objects. Academia. Arkhitektura i Stroitel’stvo. 2026. No. 1, pp. 34–42. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2026-1-34-42
10. Mityagin S.D., Shevchenko E.A., Sementsov S.V. Federal Law No. 73-FZ and issues of the organization of the system of protection of cultural heritage objects. Academia. Arkhitektura i Stroitel’stvo. 2023. No. 1, pp. 45–51. (In Russian). EDN: ­KVGVQA. https://doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2023-1-45-51
11. Mityagin S.D., Spirin P.P., Gaevskaya Z.A. Urban planning tools for sustainable development. Academia. Arkhitektura i Stroitel’stvo. 2024. No. 1, pp. 113–121. (In Russian). EDN: ­AZABPR.
https://doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2024-1-113-121

The preservation of cultural heritage sites is characterized by national and global significance and is being transformed based on new engineering and technological capabilities in the context of digitalization. The lack of comprehensive research aimed at optimizing the process of developing organizational and technological solutions has led to the relevance of the topic and the purpose of the study. The study examines the regulatory and statistical data that govern the criteria for classifying cultural heritage sites, and it provides a classification and methodological framework for their identification. The study also defines the organizational and technological solutions for the overhaul of cultural heritage sites and the architecture for their implementation. The article proposes a classification of technologies based on the types of work performed during the overhaul of cultural heritage sites, and systematizes the digital solutions used in this process, depending on the type of work performed.

I.V. ALEKSEEVA, Doctor of Sciences (Economics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
I.M. VANKOVICH, Candidate of Sciences (Economics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
D.R. MUTAGIROVA, Master of Science (Economics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
D.V. RUDNEVA, Candidate of Sciences (Economics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.A. SOKOLOVSKAYA, Master of Science (Economics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
I.N. CHERNYKH, Candidate of Sciences (Economics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (49/2, Leningradsky Prospekt, Moscow, 125167, Russian Federation)

1. Zueva E.S., Meshcheryakova T.S. Restoration work and major repairs at cultural heritage sites: basic aspects of digitization of buildings in forecasting and planning work. Vestnik MGSU. 2023. Vol. 18. No. 7, pp. 1148–1157. (In Russian). EDN: BTRDQZ. https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2023.7.1148-1157
2. Kousa C., Lubelli B., Pottgiesser U. Historic development of policies and regulations concerning residential heritage in the Old City of Aleppo. Management and Sustainable Development. 2025. Vol. 16. Iss. 7. EDN: FXZIDC.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-05-2022-0072
3. Lukashov A.I. Formation of a system for evaluating the effectiveness of state financial control and budget monitoring in the Russian Federation. Finansy: Teoriya i Praktika. 2024. Vol. 28. No. 1, pp. 52–63. (In Russian).EDN: CGJNXS. https://doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2024-28-1-52-63
4. Fedorova E.A., Nevredinov A.R. The impact of sanctions on industry indices. Finansy: Teoriya i Praktika. 2024. Vol. 28. No. 6, pp. 17–33. (In Russian). EDN: PEJFMR. https://doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2024-28-6-17-33
5. Kazakova N.A., Zavalishina A.K. Analytical tools for assessing financial security risks of companies in the Russian construction sector. Finansy: Teoriya i Praktika. 2024. Vol. 28. No. 3, pp. 109–119. (In Russian). EDN: VSZXJC.
https://doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2024-28-3-109-119
6. Ovcharov A.O., Terekhov A.M. Financial contagion of the Russian economy: an intersectoral aspect. Finansy: Teoriya i Praktika. 2024. Vol. 28. No. 3,pp. 183–193. (In Russian). EDN: CGKRCE. https://doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2024-28-3-183-193
7. Kosorukova I.V., Sternik S.G., Kheifets E.E. Methodological aspects of determining the estimated (marginal) cost of facilities in the implementation of projects based on NWPC. Finansy: Teoriya i Praktika. 2023. Vol. 27. No. 6, pp. 101–112. (In Russian). EDN: DQIBLP. https://doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2023-27-6-101-112
8. Tyutyukina E.B., Egorova D.A. State support for investment projects under the agreement on protection and promotion of investments: methodological justification. Finansy: Teoriya i Praktika. 2023. Vol. 27. No. 5, pp. 43–54. (In Russian). EDN: HFUFLW. https://doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2023-27-5-43-54
9. Ji S., Lee B., Yi M.Y. Building life-span prediction for life cycle assessment and life cycle cost using machine learning: A big data approach. Building and Environment. 2021. Vol. 205. 108267. EDN: ­NFIWHD. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108267
10. Mishra M. Machine learning techniques for structural health monitoring of heritage buildings: A state-of-the-art review and case studies. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2021. Vol. 47. EDN: FDCCXO. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2020.09.005
11. Fedorova E.A., Fedotova M.A., Slepneva T.A., Demin I.S. The impact of disclosure of social aspects of ESG indicators on the share price of Chinese companies. Finansy: Teoriya i Praktika. 2025. Vol. 29. No. 6, pp. 18–31. (In Russian). EDN: OZDINN. https://doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2025-29-6-18-31

This paper proposes the method for enhancing urban open spaces architectural expressiveness through the implementation of novel environmental design elements exhibiting optical properties. These elements are constructed from architectural cementitious composites utilizing additive manufacturing techniques. The suggested approach provides an alternative to the conventional casting method for translucent concrete producing, a process that typically necessitates specialized molds equipped for optical fibers securing. The decorative properties attainment is predicated on two optical effects creation and integration: 1) sustained afterglow through modification of the cement matrix structure with photoluminescent powders, concurrently ensuring a requisite plasticity and shape retention characteristics for the 3D printing process realization; 2) light transmission within 3D-printed structures via the incorporation of optically transparent fibers. The realization of the intended composite decorative properties is projected achieving through the judicious selection of the photoluminescent powder dispersion and dosage, as well as through the type, diameter, quantity, and arrangement of light-conducting fibers within the matrix structure.

K.S. KOTOVA, Candidate of Science (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
M.A. SHVEDOVA, Candidate of Science (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
P.Yu. YUROV, Junior Researcher (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
R.R. OVCHAROV, Technician (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Voronezh State Technical University (84, 20-letiya Oktyabrya Street, Voronezh, 394006, Russian Federation)

1. Slavcheva G.S., Britvina E.A., Shvedova M.A. 3D-printable concrete with specific decorative and technological properties. Construction of Unique Buildings and Structures. 2023. No. 3 (108). 10805. EDN: MTEVQO. https://doi.org/10.4123/CUBS.108.5
2. Li Y., Li J., Guo H. Preparation and study of light transmitting properties of sulfoaluminate cement-based materials. Materials & Design. 2015. Vol. 83, pp. 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.021
3. Li Y., Li J., Wan Y., et al. Experimental study of light transmitting cement-based material (LTCM). Construction and Building Materials. 2015. Vol. 96, pp. 319–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.055
4. Henriques T.S., Dal Molin D.C., Masuero Â.B. Study of the influence of sorted polymeric optical fibers (POFs) in samples of a light-transmitting cement-based material (LTCM). Construction and Building Materials. 2018. Vol. 161, pp. 305–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.11.137
5. Mainini A.G., Polia T., Zinzi M., et al. Spectral light transmission measure and radiance model validation of an innovative transparent concrete panel for façades. Energy Procedia. 2012. Vol. 30, pp. 1184–1194.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.11.131
6. Wang W., Sha A., Lu Z., et al. Cement filled with phosphorescent materials for pavement: Afterglow decay mechanism and properties. Construction and Building Materials. 2021. Vol. 284. 122798. EDN: MOKDVV.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122798
7. Han C., Yang S. Design of optical performance for self-luminous pavement materials. Construction and Building Materials. 2024. Vol. 449. 138597. EDN: HMNBCX. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138597
8. Li P., Yang T., Ma P., et al. Luminous and bonding performance of self-luminescent cementitious coatings based on white cement and geopolymer. Construction and Building Materials. 2023. Vol. 362. 129814. EDN: WCKAMS.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129814
9. Sulejmanova L.A., Malyukova M.V., Koryakina A.A. Investigation of photoluminescent pigment for use in luminous architectural and decorative concrete. Vestnik of Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov. 2021. No. 6, pp. 8–18. (In Russian). EDN: JYNBSC. https://doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2021-6-6-8-18
10. Slavcheva G.S., Artamonova O.V. Development of principles for the creation of reinforced composites for 3D additive construction technologies. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2022. No. 12, pp. 52–58. (In Russian). EDN: SEUQZT. https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2022-809-12-52-58
11. Patent RF 2729283. Dvuhfaznaya smes’ na osnove cementa dlya kompozitov v tekhnologii stroitel’noj 3D-pechati [Two-phase mixture based on cement for composites in construction 3D printing technology]. Slavcheva G.S., Artamonova O.V., Britvina E.A., et al. Declared 21.10.2019. Published 05.08.2020. Bulletin No. 22. (In Russian).
12. Patent RF 2729085. Dvuhfaznaya smes’ na osnove cementa dlya kompozitov v tekhnologii stroitel’noj 3D-pechati [Two-phase mixture based on cement for composites in construction 3D printing technology]. Slavcheva G.S., Artamonova O.V., Britvina E.A., et al. Declared 21.10.2019. Published 04.08.2020. Bulletin No. 22. (In Russian).

Change in properties of measurement statistics of complex mechanical systems characteristics at modeling the initial stage of pre-emergency phenomena development is considered. A technique used is based on the effect of the chaos level increasing in the measurements of any physical field associated with an object under study during the period of preparation for its emergency failure or catastrophic transformation. Using a vibration stand as an example, the statistical phenomena emerging at the facility deviations from the normal operating mode and consistent with the proposed approach were studied. It was experimentally confirmed that when physically modeling even a slight deviation of the device under study from proper functioning, there is a significant and easily recorded change in the chaos level and the measurement statistics properties. It is shown that this change intensifies significantly at increase in degrees of freedom of the influence which simulate the pre-emergency situation development. An algorithm for the probability of the pre-emergency process existence in technical systems assessing based on the analysis of two-dimensional geometric structures which properties are determined by variations in the chaos level in the set of measurements of an arbitrary nature associated with the corresponding man-made object functioning was formulated.

.P. KOGAN^1,2,3, Candidate of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.E. VOLVACH², Doctor of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.T. BUBUKIN³, Doctor of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
D.D. BALANDIN⁴, Head of Quality Department (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
Yu.Yu. KOTLOV⁴, Electronics Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
E.Yu. STUROV⁴, Senior Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
L.V. KRAMARENKO⁵, Candidate of Sciences (Pedagogics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (65, Ilyinskaya, Nizhny Novgorod, 603000, Russian Federation)
² Department of Radio Astronomy and Geodynamics, Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS (Nauchny, Bakhchisarai District, Crimea, 298409, Russian Federation)
³ Nizhny Novgorod State University named after N. I. Lobachevsky, (23, Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russian Federation)
⁴ Gorky Communication Equipment Plant named after A.S. Popov, (100, Internatsionalnaya Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603002, Russian Federation)
⁵ Kherson State Pedagogical University (27, Universitetskaya Street, Kherson, Russian Federation)

1. Smertin R.M., Nikulin L.M. A method for assessing the sensitivity to vibration of optical components based on a wavelet analysis of vibrationally modulated radiation. Nauchno-Tekhnicheskii Vestnik Informatsionnykh Tekhnologii, Mekhaniki i Optiki. 2025. No. 4, pp. 609–615. (In Russian). EDN: ­KCEPYX.https://doi.org/10.17586/2226-1494-2025-25-4-609-616
2. Volvach A.E., Kurbasova G.S., Volvach L.N. Parametric resonance of surface geomagnetic waves as a precursor of local earthquakes. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C. 2025. Vol. 137. 103802. EDN: ­ZXXASS. https://doi.org/10.17586/2226-1494-2025-25-4-609-61610.1016/j.pce.2024.103802
3. Volvach A.E., Volvach L.N., Larionov M.G. Blazar S 0528+134 is possibly the most powerful emitter in the Universe, including in the range of gravitational waves. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2024. Vol. 691, L9. EDN: ­INCMVQ.
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451911
4. Volvach A.E., Kurbasova G.S., Volvach L.N. Wavelets in the analysis of local time series of the Earth’s surface air. Heliyon. 2024. Vol. 10, Iss. 1, e23237. EDN: ­TODIXS. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23237
5. Kurbasova G.S., Volvach A.E., Volvach L.N. Time series of space observations: analysis of local meteorological and solar series. Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya. 2023. Vol. 61. No. 4, pp. 285–301. (In Russian). EDN: ­UMRXAA.
https://doi.org/10.31857/S0023420623700097
6. Guo Y., Cheng Z., Zhang J., et al. A review on adversarial-based deep transfer learning mechanical fault diagnosis. Journal of Big Data. 2024. Vol. 11. No. 1, pp. 151. EDN: ­JAFIOA. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-024-01006-4
7. Volvach A.E., Kogan L.P., Kanonidi K.H., et al. Changes in the properties of the statistics of physical and biophysical fields as earthquake precursor. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation. 2022. Vol. 108. 106200. EDN: ­CELUZO. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2021.106200
8. Volvach A.E., Kogan L.P., Kanonidi K.H., Bubukin I.T., Shtenberg V.B., Volvach L.N., Biazitov D.T. Statistical precursors of a strong earthquake on April 6, 2009 on the Apennine Peninsula. Heliyon. 2022. Vol. 8. No. 8. e10200. EDN: ­RTQYCW. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10200
9. Volvach A., Kogan L., Volvach L., et al. The group of statistical precursors of 7.3 and 6.6 magnitude earthquakes in the region of Indonesia. Natural Hazards. 2024. Vol. 120. No. 6, pp. 5601–5616. EDN: ­ABAHET. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06439-x
10. Volvach A., Kogan L., Volvach L., et al. On the topological similarity of the functionals from the statistics of magnetic field measurements before the earthquake on November 3, 2022 in the Gura teghii, Romania region. Romanian Reports on Physics. 2023. Vol. 75. No. 4. P. 707. EDN: ­TIJCIC. https://doi.org/10.59277/RomRepPhys.2023.75.707
11. Volvach A., Celik C., Kogan L., Volvach L. On the extreme values of the correlator of topological similarity of functionals from the statistics of geomagnetic field measurements for spatially separated magnetometers in the period before the 06/02/2023 earthquake of magnitude 7.8 in Eastern Turkey. Romanian Reports in Physics. 2025. Vol. 77, No. 1. 704. EDN: ­ESSAHO. https://doi.org/10.59277/RomRepPhys.2025.77.704
12. Volvach A.E., Kogan L.P., Volvach L.N., Yakubov-skaya I.V. Statistical precursors of solar flares on September 6, 2017, March 23 and May 1, 2024. Advances in Space Research. 2025. Vol. 76, pp. 551–561. EDN: ­EDTXXL.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.056
13. Volvach A.E., Kogan L.P., Volvach L.N., Yakubovskaya I.V. On statistical precursors of solar flares. Chinese Journal of Physics. 2025. Vol. 97, pp. 862–882. EDN: ­KZFVJB. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjph.2025.07.038
14. Volvach A.E., Bornyakov S.A., Kogan L.P., Volvach L.N. Deterministic statistical patterns preceding ice shocks revealed by ice deformation measurements. Scientific Reports. 2026. Vol. 16. 13931. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-44091-6
15. Volvach A., Kogan L., Volvach L. On changes in bee noise statistics before the occurrence of seismic events. Romanian Reports in Physics. 2026. Vol. 78. No. 2. 707. https://doi.org/10.59277/RomRepPhys.2026.78.707
16. Kogan L.P., Korneva K.G., Volvach A.E., et al. Prediction of unfavorable outcome of acute decompensation of diabetes mellitus. Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome. 2025. Vol. 17. No. 1, p. 64. EDN: ­QAWISV. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01605-y

The article discusses a problem of regulatory support for construction control of reinforced concrete structures erection in the permafrost zone. Based on the analysis of the current regulatory, technical framework, real facilities design documentation and modern scientific works, it was revealed that the SP 543.1325800.2024 basic set of rules does not contain special requirements considering the geocryological context of the problem. It was shown that this leads to a typical approach to control not taking into account important parameters of objects constructing in the permafrost zone environment, such as the temperature regime of soils and concrete, functioning of thermostabilization systems, and compliance with technological interruptions. As a result, a set of measures to improve regulatory requirements were proposed, including an addition to SP 543.1325800.2024, creation of a Unified Federal geological website for Permafrost Zone and the development of a digital construction control standard. Modern modular technologies were identified as one of the possible tools for construction in the permafrost zone.

A.A. GASIEV^1,2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Associate Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.S. GASIEV¹, Graduate Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. );
I.A. TEREKHOV³, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Associate Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
Yu.Yu. IVAKINA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Associate Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
² Central Research and Design Institute of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation (TSNIIP of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation) (29, Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow, 119331, Russian Federation)
³ Russian University of Transport (MIIT) (9, build. 9, Obraztsova Street, 127994, Moscow, Russian Federation)

1. Boyarintsev A.V. Representative analysis of the experience of building foundations on permafrost soils. Vestnik Perm National Research Polytechnic University. Stroitel’stvo i Arhitektura. 2019. Vol. 10. No. 1, pp. 57–68. (In Russian). EDN: ­VVMRUS. https://doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2019.1.06
2. Topchy D.V., Murya V.A., Valitova Yu.R. Training specialists in control and supervisory activities for construction in new Russian territories. Promyshlennoe i Grazhdanskoe Stroitel’stvo. 2023. No. 7, pp. 64–69. (In Russian). EDN: ­JEYPJA. https://doi.org/10.33622/0869-7019.2023.07.64-69
3. Trekin N.N., Kodysh E.N., Kelasyev N.G., Terekhov I.A., Gasiev A.A., Shmakov S.D. Standardization of modular buildings and their design solutions. Academia. Architectura i Stroitel’stvo. 2024. No. 3, pp. 161–170. (In Russian). EDN: ­OMETUT. https://doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2024-3-161-170
4. Kabzhan Z., Shakhnovich A., Gorshkov S., et al. Semantic and ontology-based analysis of regulatory documents for construction industry digitalization. Frontiers in Built Environment. 2025. Vol. 11. 1575913. EDN: ­HMHVKC.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1575913
5. Astafyeva N.S., Kibireva Yu.A., Vasilyeva I.L. Advantages of using and difficulties of implementing information modeling of buildings. Stroitel’stvo Unikalnyh Zdaniy i Sooruzheniy. 2017. No. 8 (59), pp. 41–62. (In Russian). EDN: ­YMFSAH. https://doi.org/10.18720/CUBS.59.3
6. Filimonov M.Yu., Vaganova N.A., Shamugia D.Zh., Filimonova I.M. Computer Modeling of Temperature Fields in the Soil and the Bearing Capacity of Pile Foundations of Buildings on Permafrost. Journal of Siberian Federal University. Mathematics and Phy-sics. 2024. Vol. 17. No. 5, pp. 622–631. EDN: ­OJGPTH
7. Zaitseva M.V., Loganina V.I., Kuimova E.I. Ensuring quality control of construction products. Regionalnaya Architectura i Stroitel’stvo. 2024. No. 3 (60), pp. 40–47. (In Russian). EDN: ­PERTBB.
https://doi.org/10.54734/20722958_2024_3_40
8. Terekhov I.A. Criteria for assessing the technical condition of reinforced concrete slabs in case of reinforcement corrosion. 2022. No. 6 (104), pp. 128–139. Stroitel’stvo i Rekonstructsia. (In Russian). EDN: ­YGOOMW.
https://doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2022-104-6-128-139
9. Kelasyev N.G., Kodysh T.N., Trekin N.N., et al. Improvement of the regulatory system in construction at all stages of the object’s life cycle. Promyshlennoe i Grazhdanskoe Stroitel’stvo. 2019. No. 4, pp. 10–15. (In Russian). EDN: ­ADREVS. https://doi.org/10.33622/0869-7019.2019.04.10-15

State, relevance, problems and development prospects of the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation in the field of construction materials and structures fire protection are considered. The relevance is dictated by a significant increase in the rate of new materials creation, as well as their fire protection rapid development. According to the regulatory documents systematization (GOST, SP) in four groups (general principles and classification; fire protection test methods; fire protection equipment; ensuring of work with materials safety) following problems were identified: loss of relevance of the significant part of standards not taking into account modern materials and environmental requirements; poor consistency with international standards; insufficient granularity in the issues of conducting tests. The ways of improvement are outlined: the outdated regulatory documents updating; the test methods radical optimization and improvement; development of new standards and test methods for innovative materials and structures; coordination with the international regulatory framework.

V.V. STROKOVA¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Adviser of RAACS (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.B. SIVENKOV², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
M.R. SKOROKHODOVA¹, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.F. IVANOVA¹, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.Yu. ANDREEV¹, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
E.V. MELDER², Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov (46, Kostyukova Street, Belgorod, 308012, Russian Federation)
² Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia (4, Boris Galushkin Street, Moscow, 129366, Russian Federation)

1. Guryev V.V., Yakhkind S.I. The main trends in the development of civil engineering at the present stage. Academia. Arhitektura i Stroitel’stvo. 2022. No. 3, pp. 97–103. (In Russian). EDN: ­UEPRMZ.
https://doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2022-3-97-103
2. Medvedeva O.N., Chilikin A.Yu. Development of a methodology for planning measures for modernization, overhaul and reconstruction of gas distribution network facilities. Vestnik of the BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov. 2022. No. 9, pp. 50–62. (In Russian). EDN: ­KAQRXD. https://doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2022-7-9-50-62
3. Orlov A.S., Rubtsova E.G., Shcheglov A.S., Ojereliev I.V. Investigation of the structure and properties of metal structures of ancient buildings. Izvestiya of Higher Educational Institutions. Construction. 2020. No. 8 (740), pp. 33–42. (In Russian). EDN: ­PCWNAL. https://doi.org/10.32683/0536-1052-2020-740-8-33-42
4. Pichugin A.P., Batin M.O., Kudryashov A.Yu., Nikitenko K.A. Operational properties of wood modified with polymer compositions with nano additives Izvestiyaof Higher Educational Institutions. Construction. 2017. No. 11–12 (707–708), pp. 42–50. (In Russian) EDN: ­YVPSRQ. https://doi.org/10.32683/0536-1052-2020-740-8-33-42
5. Anpilov S.M., Erofeev V.T., Rimshin V.I., Skolubovich Yu.L., Sorochaykin A.N. Innovative technologies for the construction of prefabricated buildings and structures. Promyshlennoe i Grazhdanskoe Stroitel’stvo. 2024. No. 8, pp. 5–13. (In Russian). EDN: ­CXDPSN. https://doi.org/10.33622/0869-7019.2024.08.05-13
6. Martynov A.V., Popova O.V., Grekov V.V. Non-standard methods for assessing the quality of intumescent coatings. Bezopasnost’ Truda v Promyshlennosti. 2021. No. 6, pp. 15–20. (In Russian). EDN: ­GHJCAZ. https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-6-15-20
7. Garashchenko A.N., Vinogradov A.V., Kobylkov N.V., Nikolchinkin A.A., Antipov E.A. Experimental and computational modeling of fire and thermal protection of composite materials under high-temperature exposure conditions. Aviacionnye Materialy i Tekhnologii. 2022. No. 3 (68), pp. 84–97. (In Russian). EDN: ­SFTQXB. https://doi.org/10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-3-84-97
8. Pchelnikov A.V., Pichugin A.P., Khritankov V.F. Methodological foundations for assessing the quality of protective coatings. Izvestiya of Higher Educational Institutions. Construction. 2023. No. 9 (777), pp. 5–19. (In Russian). EDN: ­XTTGVD. https://doi.org/10.32683/0536-1052-2023-777-9-5-19
9. Li H., Wang L., Wei Y., Wang B.J., Jin H. Bending and shear performance of cross-laminated timber and glued-laminated timber beams: A comparative investigation. Journal of Building Engineering. 2022. Vol. 45. 103477. EDN: ­OGEXZG. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103477
10. Lagozin A.Yu., Smirnov N.V., Bulgakov V.V., Zuban T.S. Quality control of flame-retardant work during installation (application), repair and operation, forecasting the service life of thin-layer flame-retardant coatings. Bezopasnost’ Truda v Promyshlennosti. 2024. No. 1, pp. 34–40. (In Russian). EDN: ­FFUSYO. https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2024-1-34-40
11. Zhetesova G.S., Shkamat E., Nikonova T.Yu., Zhunuspekov D.S., Mateshov A.K. Analysis of modern coating materials. Uprochnyayushchie Tekhnologii i Pokrytiya. 2021. Vol. 17. No. 10 (202), pp. 464–469. (In Russian). EDN: ­YBAUNG. https://doi.org/10.36652/1813-1336-2021-17-10-464-469
12. Polishchuk E.Yu., Meshalkin G.I., Bolodyan G.I. Fire safety regulation in the Russian Federation: problems and ways of development (in the order of discussion). Promyshlennoe i Grazhdanskoe Stroitel’stvo. 2020. No. 7, pp. 58–68. (In Russian). EDN: ­RJLNFN. https://doi.org/10.33622/0869-7019.2020.07.58-68
13. Pchelnikov A.V., Pichugin A.P., Strokova V.V. The state and ways of improving the regulatory and technical base of Russia for the protection of building metal structures with paint and varnish materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials] 2025. No. 5, pp. 43–51. (In Russian). EDN: ­HQBIDA. https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2025-835-5-43-51
14. Stepina I.V., Strokova V.V., Ilyina V.V. The state and ways of improving the domestic regulatory framework for the modification and protection of building products made of wood. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2025. No. 11, pp. 79–88. (In Russian). EDN: ­RFNRVU. https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2025-11-79-88
15. Verkhovsky A.A., Konstantinov A.P., Smirnov V.A. Standardization and requirements of regulatory documentation for translucent facade structures in the territory of the Russian Federation. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2020. No. 6, pp. 35–40. (In Russian). EDN: ­CENGPV. https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-6-35-40

Currently, there is a renewed interest in building materials with a complex, imperfect surface, visually aged, with a “building” history, which restores the connection with physical reality, authenticity and narrative of the place. In the modern aesthetics of interior and exterior design, so-called “imperfect” style is manifested through the new “tactile” surfaces of building materials and products introduction. Classic ceramic bricks remain one of the most sought-after wall materials. The properties and textures of the soft-molded face bricks (SF) for decorative facades of residential and public buildings are considered. The comparison with a traditional face brick obtained by extrusionis made. On the example of products of three factories producing soft-molded bricks, textures and types of surfaces are classified, seven types of polytextured brick textures are proposed for reference definitions. Three general definitions have been formulated to describe the surface of a soft-molded brick: rough; folded; wet. This is necessary for timely adaptation to the new market conditions, general strategic schemes for this product sale and promotion, as well as for the soft-molded bricks as a specific product integration into BIM libraries (a catalog of 3D models with parameters for designers).

Yu.I. NEBEZHKO, Postgraduate Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
K.A. LAPUNOVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Don State Technical University (1, Gagarina Square, Rostov-on-Don, 344010, Russian Federation)

1. Esaulov G.V., Esaulova L.G. Contemporary architecture in Russia: thirty years of experience. Academia. Architectura i Stroitelstvo. 2023. No. 4, pp. 14–25. (In Russian). EDN: ­WOTHSB.
https://doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2023-4-14-25
2. Chin Francis D.K. Arkhitektura: forma, prostranstvo, kompozitsiya [Architecture: form, space, composition]. Moscow: AST. 2005. 399 p.
3. Belenya I.M. Architecture of facades of modern public buildings in the aspect of sustainable development. Economica Stroitelstva. 2023. No. 3, pp. 62–72. (In Russian). EDN: ­IDRMUH
4. Valeev A.R. Digital traces of entrepreneurs in construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing construction]. 2025. No. 12, pp. 37–40. (In Russian). EDN: ­HNEOIE. https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2025-12-37-40
5. Van der Voordt T.J., Van Wegen H.B. Architecture in use: an introduction to the programming. Design and evaluation of buildings. United Kingdom. 2005. 237 p.
6. Akulova M., Sokolova Yu. The influence of the evolution of building materials on the formation of the architectural environment of the city. Academia. Architectura i Stroitelstvo. 2026. No. 1, pp. 175–178. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2026-1-175-178
7. Lasić J., Šimunović K. Ceramics as an important element of design and architecture. E-Zbornik elektronički zbornik radova Građevinskog fakulteta. 2025. No. 29, pp. 84–106. https://doi.org/10.47960/2232-9080.2025.29.15.84
8. Rissanen M. Basic forms and nature: from visual vimplicity to conceptual complexity. Academy of fine arts at the University of the arts Helsinki. 2017. 275 p.
9. Alavsi V.A.K., Molchanov V.M. Evaluation of the characteristics of architectural expressiveness of facades of ecological multi-storey residential complexes. Vestnik of Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 2020. Vol. 22. No. 2, pp. 55–71. (In Russian). EDN: ­APQOVD. https://doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2020-22-2-55-71
10. Semenov A.A. Some trends in the development of the ceramic wall materials market in Russia. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2022. No. 4, pp. 4–5. (In Russian). EDN: ­HSZGPY.
https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2022-801-4-4-5
11. Meskhi B.Ch., Bozhko Yu.A., Terekhina Yu.V., Lapunova K.A. Brick-design and its main elements. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 8, pp. 47–51. (In Russian). EDN: ­BKBXAY.
https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-783-8-47-51
12. Kotlyar V.D., Yavruyan H.S., Bozhko Yu.A., Nebezhko N.I. Features of the production of soft-molded facing ceramic bricks based on opoka-like rocks. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 12, pp. 18–23. (In Russian). EDN: ­FYXFTR. https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-777-12-18-22
13. Bozhko J., Lapunova K., Postoi L.V. Face ceramic brick of soft molding based on opoka-like raw materials. Solid State Phenomena. 2020. Vol. 299, pp. 221–226. EDN: ­HMHWAB.
https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.299.221
14. Kotlyar V.D., Nebezhko Yu.I., Semenova M.Yu. Molding properties of clay mixtures in the soft mud brick manufacture. Construction Materials and Products. 2024. Vol. 7. No. 1. EDN: ­GDMBRY. https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-1-5
15. Nebezhko Yu.I., Lapunova K.A. The relationship of aesthetic and technological properties of facial ceramic bricks. Sovremennye tendencii v stroitel’stve, gradostroitel’stve i planirovke territorij. 2024. Vol. 3. No. 4, рр. 41–54. (In Russian). EDN: ­YDIXEN. https://doi.org/10.23947/2949-1835-2024-3-4-41-54
16. Guz V.A., Vysotsky E.V. Construction materials: decline, search for the bottom, and growth prospects. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2026. No. 3, pp. 5–11. (In Russian). EDN: ­HKSTVI. https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2026-844-3-5-11

The article examines errors emerging at a design documentation examination in the context of reconstruction, where any inconsistency is amplified by existing structures, site constraints, and operational conditions. The study is for common failures at interface of project sections systematizing and proposing tools for their prevention. The methodological framework combines regulatory documents analysis and practical case studies with a risk-based approach, the correspondence matrix “section – criterion – evidence,” and usage of the digital data reflecting a facility actual condition. The research demonstrates that the most effective solution is a three-level control system: ranking of design errors by criticality, an internal quality management system with measurable correction metrics in the design organization and application of a “digital twin” based on laser scanning and BIM technologies to reduce uncertainty and project decisions coordination. Threshold levels of response based on the integrated risk indicator are presented, control points for structural schemes, foundations, and connection nodes are clarified. Quantitative parameters of model accuracy are presented, highlighting their role in ensuring the reproducibility of expert conclusions. The practical novelty is in the linkage of the management metrics and instrumental checks with transparent justifications documentation, which simplifies the prioritization of comments and reduces rework volume during approval process.

A.E. KROTOV, Candidate of Sciences (Economics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.E. BOROVKOVA, Master (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
P.A. PAVLOV, Specialist (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.V. STRELTSOV, Specialist (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Aliulova V.A. Quality assessment of reusable design documentation. Vestnik MGSU. 2021. No. 6, pp. 112–119. (In Russian). EDN: ­WGMNRP. https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2021.6.730-740
2. Babchuk V.I., Adamtsevich L.A. Automation of the process of passing the state examination of civil construction projects using a domestic software package. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2024. No. 10, pp. 52–60. (In Russian). EDN: ­ZDPKAS. https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2024-10-52-60
3. Lapidus A.A., Shchukin A.Yu. Application of function-oriented modeling systems in construction control. Vestnik MGSU. 2024. Vol. 19. No. 10, pp. 1666–1675. (In Russian). EDN: ­BUZMCQ.
https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2024.10.1666-1675
4. Goh W., Jang J., Pak S.I., Choi B.-H., Lim H., Zi G. Automated compliance checking system for structural design codes in a BIM environment. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 2024. Vol. 28. No. 10, pp. 4175–4189. EDN: ­INITIM.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-1121-5
5. Komissarov A.V., Remizov A.V. Methodology for using BIM technologies and laser scanning for reconstruction and modernization of facilities. Vestnik of the Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies. 2022. No. 2, pp. 115–124. (In Russian). EDN: ­NHUFEV. https://doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2022-27-2-115-124
6. Wacker M., Grellert M., Stille W., Bruschke J., Beck D. IDOVIR – infrastructure for documentation of virtual reconstructions: towards a documentation practice for everyone. Heritage. 2025. Vol. 8. No. 8. 328. EDN: TIIGMY.
https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8080328

When constructing on permafrost soils, slurried piles are widely used. The gap between the borehole wall and the pile surface is filled with a mortar. The bearing capacity of the piles is determined by the adfreeze strength between the mortar and the lateral surface of the pile. The standardized method of cement-sand mortar sample preparation for laboratory adfreeze strength testing at the design and survey stage not consider the cement hydration, since small-volume samples freeze rapidly. Consequently, the laboratory testing method does not correspond to the actual field curing/freezing conditions for the cement-sand mortarsamples. The work purpose is to provide experimental substantiation for the cement-sand mortar sample preparation method modifying, to develop a new sample preparation method and to design the device capable the samples curing/freezing temperature regime equivalent to the field conditions reproducing. The article presents the results of experiments determining of eight mortar compositions freezing time at temperatures of -1^оC and -4^оC. According to the experimental results, it was confirmed that cement-sand mortar standard samples freeze in no more than 24 hours, and cement does not hydrate. The method of the samples stepwise cooling at the predetermined temperature regime corresponding to the actual pile installation conditions was developed, as well as the device implementing this method comprising a heating element and a temperature controller. Ignoring cement hydration underestimates the design shear resistance. The proposed method improves the reliability of laboratory measurings and makes it possible to utilize the bearing capacity reserves of slurried piles.

P.M. SAZONOV¹, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.G. ALEKSEEV², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Scientific Research, Design, Survey, and Engineering Technology Institute of Foundations and Underground Structures named after N.M. Gersevanov JSC SIC Stroitelstvo (6, 2nd Institutskaya Street, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation)
² National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Boyarintsev A.V. A representative analysis of the experience of building foundations on permafrost soils. Vestnik of the Perm National Research Polytechnic University. Construction and Architecture. 2019. Vol. 10. No. 1, pp. 57–68. (In Russian). EDN: ­VVMRUS. https://doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2019.1.06
2. Landers K., Streletskiy D. (Un)frozen foundations: A study of permafrost construction practices in Russia, Alaska, and Canada. Ambio. 2023. Vol. 52. No. 7, pp. 1170–1183. EDN: ­QNLGRE. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-023-01866-9
3. Qiu K., Yu W., Kong X., Han F., Zhao Y. Investigation on the bearing capacity evolution of building pile foundation during permafrost degradation. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2024. Vol. 221. 104152. EDN: ­PLMMEU.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104152
4. Chen T., Song Q., Wang J., Wu Zh. Experimental study on shear mechanical properties of pile-soil interface under freezing conditions. Applied Sciences (Switzerland). 2025. Vol. 15. No. 10. 5457. EDN: ­SMIBLY. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15105457
5. Porfir’ev B.N., Eliseev D.O., Streletskii D.A. Economic assessment of the consequences of permafrost degradation for the housing sector of the Russian Arctic. Vestnik of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2021. Vol. 91. No. 2, pp. 105–114. (In Russian). EDN: ­HCOKLD. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869587321020067
6. Nikiforova N.S., Konnov A.V. Bearing capacity of piles in permafrost soils under climate change. Construction and Geotechnics. 2021. Vol. 12. No. 3, рр. 14–24. (In Russian). EDN: ­HADEJW. https://doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2021.3.02
7. Kraev A.N., Sakharov I.I., Mal’tseva T.V.Thermal stabilization of the soil base in the conditions of climate change. Construction and Geotechnics. 2025. Vol. 16. No. 1, pp. 19–33. EDN: ­FUPWNM. https://doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2025.1.02
8. Nikiforova N.S., Konnov A.V. Forecast of the soil deformations and decrease of the bearing capacity of pile foundations operating in the cryolithozone. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. 2022. Vol. 18. No. 1, pp. 141–150. EDN: ­VJKLGK. https://doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2022-18-1-141-150
9. Naberezhnyi A.D. Investigation of the bearing capacity of frozen soils at the base of ribbed slurried piles. Cand. Diss. (Engineering). Moscow. 2018. 149 p. (In Russian). EDN: ­BVUJXO
10. Pang X., Sun L., Sun F., et al. Cement hydration kinetics study in the temperature range from 15^оC to 95^оC. Cement and Concrete Research. 2021. Vol. 148. 106552. EDN: ­RIASME.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106552
11. Kiernożycki W., Błyszko Ja. The influence of temperature on the hydration rate of cements based on calorimetric measurements. Materials. 2021. Vol. 14. No. 11. 3025. EDN: ­RUUIGZ. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14113025
12. Wang Yu., Wu Z., Teng Le., et al. A review of concrete exposed to low-temperature environments at early ages: Fresh properties and microstructure. Journal of Building Engineering. 2026. Vol. 118. 115014. EDN: ­XRUSGV.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.115014
13. Chen H., Li Zh., Ying G. Improvement of the negative-temperature properties of calcium sulphoaluminate cement by three multifunctional chemical admixtures. Developments in the Built Environment. 2024. Vol. 20. 100537. EDN: ­UNGCNI. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dibe.2024.100537
14. Patent RF 2755575. Sposob prigotovleniya obraztsov s tsementno-peschanym rastvorom i ustroistvo dlya ego osushchestvleniya [Method for preparing samples with a cement-sand mortar and device for its implementation]. Sazonov P.M., Alekseev A.G. Declared 21.10.2020. Published 17.09.2021. (In Russian). EDN: ­AKWBZO

The article presents the assessing results of the Housing Stock Renovation Program impact on the carbon footprint of the city of Moscow, carried out in 2022–2023 by order of the Urban Development Policy Department. The Program, launched in 2017, provides for the demolition of 5,176 multi-apartment buildings (MABs) constructed in 1928–1974 and the new buildings with an enhanced level of thermal protection construction. The study was based on comparative analysis of buildings specific energy consumption. Statistical processing was performed on data of the actual energy consumption of 314 MABs of demolished series and 100 MABs constructed under the renovation program, adjusted to the climatic conditions of the 2022/2023 season. It was found that the thermal energy for heating, ventilation, and hot water supply annual consumption for MABs of demolished series is 290 kWh/m², and for those built under the renovation program: 126 kWh/m²; the electrical energy consumption: 20 and 55 kWh/m², respectively. Efficiency of primary energy usage in the Moscow energy system was the key criterion for carbon footprint assessment. Calculations showed that the annual primary energy savings amountwas up to 173 kWh/m², which ensures reduction in CO₂ emission of 0.033 t/m². The emission reduction for 50-story building over a 30-year cycle reaches 21,662 tons of CO₂, which is equivalent to a “virtual” park of 190 hectares absorption capacity. The results confirm the high environmental efficiency of the Housing Stock Renovation Program implementation.

I.L. SHUBIN¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Corresponding Member of the RAACS, Professor,Honored Builder of Russia, Director (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
G.P. VASILYEV^1,2,3, Doctor of Sciences (Engineeer), Chief Researcher, Scientific Supervisor, Professor, Honorary Builder of Russia (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
N.P. UMNYAKOVA¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Deputy Director for Research (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.F. GORNOV^1,2, Head of Laboratory, Director of the Project Department (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
M.V. KOLESOVA^1,2, Senior Researcher, Deputy General Director for Sustainable Development (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.N. DMITRIEV⁴, Doctor of Science (Engineering), Honored Builder of Russia, Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy Architecture and Construction Sciences(21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² JSC «INSOLAR-INVEST» (32-3B, B. Filevskaya Street, Moscow, 121433, Russian Federation)
³ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
⁴ Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (36, Stremyanny lane, Moscow,115054, Russian Federation)

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https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144237
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https://doi.org/10.33622/0869-7019.2024.02.16-19
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