The results of comparative calculations of the length of anchoring and overlapping of rebars as well as bending reinforced concrete elements according to SP 63.13330.2012 “Concrete and reinforced concrete structures. Actualized edition of SNiP 52-01–2003” and SNiP 2.03.01–84 “Concrete and reinforced concrete structures” are presented. The necessity to increase the reinforcement (up to 40%) due to the changed methods of calculation in a new SP 63.13330.2012 as a result of the mass use, at present, of reinforcement with a double-side crescent (European) profile instead of the reinforcement with ring profile according to GOST 5781–82 “Hot-rolled steel for reinforcing reinforced concrete structures” previously used and having a better adhesion to concrete, is established. The introduction of new efficient reinforcement with four-sided (four row) periodic (screw including) surface profile developed in Russia into mass construction makes it possible to ensure high efficiency of design and construction from reinforced concrete as well as improve the competitiveness and export opportunities of domestic reinforcing bars.

I.N. TIKHONOV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.P. BLAZHKO¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering),
G.I. TIKHONOV¹, Bachelor of Architecture,
V.A. KAZARYAN¹, Engineer;
M.B. KRAKOVSKY², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering);
O.O. TSYBA³, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)

¹ JSC “Research Center of Construction” (6, 2nd Institutskaya Street, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation)
² ZAO NPKTB “OPTIMIZATSIYA” (36/38, Mikhailova Street, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation)
³ ROSSTANDARD, TK 375 “Steel Products of Ferrous Metals and Alloys”, PK 4 “Rolled Reinforcement for Reinforced Concrete Structures” (23/9, bldg. 2, Radio Street, Moscow, 105005, Russian Federation)

1. Mulin N.M., Konevskii V.P., Sudakov G.N. New types of profiles for reinforcement bars. Effective types of reinforcement for reinforced concrete structures: Collection of scientific papers. Moscow: NIIZhB. 1970, pp. 16–45.
2. Mulin N.M. Sterzhnevaya armatura zhelezobetonnyh konstrukcij [Core reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures]. Moscow: Stroiizdat. 1974. 233 p.
3. Madatyan S.A. Armatura zhelezobetonnyh konstrukcij [Reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures]. Moscow: Voentechlit. 2000. 256 p.
4. Klimov Yu.A. Investigations and rationing of mechanical characteristics and service properties of rolled steel products DSTU 3760–98. Experience in applications in structures made of ordinary and prestressed reinforced concrete. II All-Russia (International) conference on concrete and reinforced сoncrete. Vol. 5. Moscow, 2005, pp. 406–415.
5. Savrasov I.P. Strength, crack resistance and deformability of bent reinforced concrete elements reinforced with A500 steel with different periodic profiles. Cand. Diss. (Engineering). Moscow: NIIZhB. 2010. 207 p.
6. Tsyba O.O. Fracture resistance and deformability of stretched reinforced concrete with unstressed rod reinforcement, which has different relative area of crumpling of transverse edges. Cand. Diss. (Engineering). Moscow: NIIZhB, 2012. 203 p.
7. Tikhonov I.N., Gumenyuk V.S., Kazaryan V.A. Bearing capacity of compressed reinforced concrete elements with cold-worked reinforcement of class В500С. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 10, pp. 25–29. (In Russian).
8. Tikhonov I.N., Meshkov V.Z., Rastorguev B.S. Designing reinforced concrete reinforcement. Moscow: OOO “Bumazhnik” 2015. 273 p.
9. Mayer U. Zum Einfluss der Oberflachengestalt von Ripptnstahlen fuf das Trag – und Verformungsverhalten von Stahlbetonbauteilen, Dissertation, Universitat Stuttgart, Institut fur Werkstoffe im Bauwesen, IWB – Mitteilungen 2002/1.
10. Tikhonov I.N., Meshkov V.Z., Zvezdov A.I, Savrasov I.P. Effective reinforcement for reinforced concrete structures of buildings, designed taking into account the impact of special loads. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 3, pp. 39–45. (In Russian).
11. Skorobogatov S.M. Osnovy teorii rascheta vynoslivosti sterzhnej armatury zhelezobetonnyh konstrukcij [Fundamentals of the theory of calculating the endurance of rods of reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures]. Moscow: Stroiizdat. 1976. 108 p.

The comparative analysis of 6 types of enclosing structures for low-rise construction – masonry, foam concrete block masonry, glued beam, timber frame, LSTC – light steel thin-walled structures, as well as the relatively new material of GWP – glued wood panel having a high degree of prefabrication and making it possible to use substandard plywood in its structure is presented. GWP can be adapted to the climatic conditions of the region, for example, contain a heat insulation layer. The analysis was carried out according to the five-point scale for the following groups of parameters: physical parameters, construction conditions, the availability of additional works and maintainability, economic parameters, probabilistic indicators. The results obtained make it possible to recommend the glued veneer panel to the widespread use in individual housing construction; after emergency situations when it is necessary to quickly build fit dwelling houses suitable for living ; for the erection of buildings in hard-to-reach areas.

E.V. NIKONOVA, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
P.O. VECHTOMOV, 4th year Student, Specialist (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
I.A. LADNYKH, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (12, Yaroslavskoye Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Vatin N.I., Sinelnikov A.S., Malysheva A.V., Nemova D.V. Comparative evaluation of enclosing structures for low-rise building. Luchshie fasady. 2013. No. 1 (35), pp. 8–11. (In Russian).
2. Ibragimov A.M., Gnedina L.Yu., Tikhomirov L.A., Ladnyh I.A. A Glued veneer panel of factory production as a basic structural-force element of the framing of a quickly constructed residential building. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 4, pp. 30–33. (In Russian).
3. Patent RF 160023. Panel [Panel]. Tikhomirov L.A., Zaitseva K.V., Titunin A.A., Ibragimov A.M., Gnedina L.Yu. Declared 07.20.2015. Published 03.10.2016. (In Russian).
4. Nikolaeva E.L., Kazeikin V.S., Baronin S.A., Chernykh A.G., Androsov A.N. Problemy i tendencii razvitija malojetazhnogo zhilishhnogo stroitel’stva Rossii [Problems and development trends of low-rise housing construction In Russia]. Moscow: Infrv-M. 2017. 238 p.
5. Ladnykh I.A., Ibragimov A.M. Comparative analysis of methods and results of numerical calculations of plywood panel. MATEC Web of Conferences 26th R-S-P Seminar 2017 Theoretical Foundation of Civil Engineering. RSP 2017. Vol. 117. article number 00098.
6. Ladnykh I.A. Problems of modeling of triple-layer panel with the filler of honeycomb structure. Theory and practice of research and design in construction using computer-aided design systems: materials I international scientific and technical conference. March 30–31, 2017. Brest, Belarus, pp. 92–94. (In Russian).
7. Ladnykh I.A. Review of the methods for calculating three-layer panels with a honeycomb core. Actual problems of modern construction: Collection of the 70th All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. April 4–6, 2017. Saint Petersburg. (In Russian).
8. Ladnykh I.A., Ibragimov A.M. Comparative analysis of methods and and results of numerical calculation. Construction – formation of living environment [Electronic source]: collection of materials of the XIX International Interuniversity Scientific and Practical Conference of students, Masters, postgraduate students and young scientists. April 26–28, 2017. Moscow, pp. 318–320.
9. Ladnykh I.A., Ibragimov A.M. Knots of wooden panel housing construction. Bezopasnost’ stroitel’nogo fonda Rossii. November 29–30, 2017. Kursk. (is in print). (In Russian).
10. Kudishin Yu., Drobot D. Stability of structures in emergency situations. Metallicheskie zdanija. 2008. No. 4, pp. 20–26. (In Russian).
11. Vlasov A.V. Development of constructive and technological solutions for node mating panels with a wooden frame.

Pliable connections of wood composite compressed-bent elements with the use of unidirectional carbon-fiber (CF) tapes on the epoxy matrix are considered. The goal is set, tasks are developed for the implementation of the experimental study of wood composite compressed-bent elements. The method of manufacturing and the process of hardening of wooden samples are described. The technique of field studies was developed: the scheme of loading of a compressed-bent wooden rod was proposed. The results of experimental studies of wooden composite compressed-bent elements of full-scale dimensions are presented. A comparison of the results of experimental study and computer analysis of the wooden composite compressed-bent element with the pliable tiess in the form of unidirectional carbon fiber clips on the epoxy matrix is carried out. The ductility of the connection made of unidirectional carbon-fiber tapes with the epoxy matrix for wood composite compressed-bent elements is estimated.

I.A. LADNYKH, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Center of Scientific Studies and Test of Building Structures, Research Division, Belarusian National Technical University (65, Nezavisimosty Avenue, Minsk, 220013, Belarus)

1. Kochenov V.M. Eksperimental’no-teoreticheskie issledovaniya derevyannykh konstruktsii: po materialam laboratorii derevyannykh konstruktsii [Experimental and theoretical researches of wooden designs: on materials of laboratory of wooden designs]. Moscow: Main edition of building literature. 1938. 239 p.
2. Ivanov V.F. Derevyannye konstruktsii [Wood structure]. Leningrad: Gosstroyizdat. 1956. 309 p.
3. Labudin B.V. Calculation of spatial designs taking into account deformability of pliable communications (development of the ideas of Dmitriyev P.A., Kochenov V.M., Lebedev V.A., Nikitin G.V.). Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Stroitel’stvo. 2013. No. 11–12 (659–660), pp. 5–12. (In Russian).
4. Sintsov A.V. Compound wooden beams for construction of buildings on frame technology. Stroitel’stvo i tekhnogennaya bezopasnost’. 2017. No. 8 (60), pp. 55–60. (In Russian).
5. Zinurov T.A., Nurmukhametov K.A. Research of collaboration of wooden compound beams. Sovremennoe stroitel’stvo i arkhitektura. 2017. No. 4 (08), pp. 20–23. (In Russian).
6. Fedosov S.V., Kotlov V.G., Aloyan R.M., Bochkov M.V., Makarov R.A. Experimental study of heat transfer processes in a bolt dowel joints. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2016. No. 12, pp. 83–85. (In Russian).
7. Nemen V.N., Pastukhov A.V., Abdrakhmanova K.A., Kashkin E.Yu. Research of work of glued wooden beams with fiber glass fabric. Trudy universiteta. 2017. No. 3, pp. 63–66. (In Russian).
8. Lin’kov N.V. The «KM-gluing» connection for composite woo-den beams. Nauchnoe obozrenie. 2016. No. 17, pp. 10–15. (In Russian).
9. Lin’kov N.V. Soedinenie derevyannykh konstruktsii kompozitsionnym materialom na osnove epoksidnoi matritsy i steklotkani [Connection of wooden designs composite material on the basis of an epoxy matrix and fiber glass fabric]. Moscow: MGS Publishing. 2012. 196 p.
10. Kopanitsa D.G., Loskutova D.V., Danil’son A.I. Research of deformations of a glued beam from the wood strengthened by carbon fiber with use of the digital optical VIC3D system. Vestnik of the Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 2015. No. 4, pp. 135–142. (In Russian).

The large operational experience and the results of long-term observations of the settlements of large-size foundations under increased loads show that the actual settlements are much larger than the calculated values determined by the calculation formula for settlement based on the model of a linearly-deformed layer of finite thickness. The material of the actual settlements of the constructed objects shows that the settlements curves consist of linear and nonlinear sections. The linear section takes place for medium-compressible soils in the first half of the mean pressure P_IImt. When P_IImt is greater than 250–300 kPa, the settlement velocity begins to increase as the load increases to its full calculated value. Then the settlement velocity passes to the stabilization stage. The increase in settlements velocities should be explained by the increasing role of horizontal displacements in the general deformation of the base

N.S. SOKOLOV^1,2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Associate Professor, Director (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University (15, Moskovskiy pr., 428015, Cheboksary, Russian Federation)
² OOO NPF «FORST» (109a, Kalinina Street, Cheboksary, 428000, Russian Federation)

1. Sokolov N.S. Long-term studies of the processes of deformation of foundations under heavy loads. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 5, pp. 3–8. (In Russian).
2. Sokolov N.S. Forecast of settlement of large-size foundations at high pressures on the base. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 4, pp. 3–8. (In Russian).
3. Balura M.V. Horizontal displacements in clay bases. V kn.: Issledovaniya po stroitel’noj mekhanike i stroitel’nym konstrukciyam [Studies in Building Mechanics and Building Constructions]. Tomsk: Tomskij gosudarstvennyj arhitekturno-stroitel’nyj universitet. 1983, pp. 45–51. (In Russian).
4. Balura M.V., Okulova M.N. On the influence of some factors on the deformability of soils in the horizontal direction. V kn.: Osnovaniya i fundamenty zdanij i sooruzhenij v usloviyah stroitel’stva Tomska [Bases and foundations of buildings and structures in the construction of Tomsk]. Tomsk: Tomskij gosudarstvennyj arhitekturno-stroitel’nyj universitet. 1977, pp. 36–41. (In Russian).
5. Okulova M.N. Investigation of the stress-strain state of soils near the loaded stamp. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov. 1966. No. 4, pp. 5–8. (In Russian).
6. Okulova, M.N. Experimental study of lateral deformations in loaded sandy bases and their relays in the total sediment. Tomsk: Tomskij gosudarstvennyj arhitekturno-stroitel’nyj universitet, 1967. (In Russian).
7. Okulova M.N., Balyura M.V. Bokovoj raspor i ego rol’ v osadke fundamenta. V kn.: Issledovanie NDS osnovanij i fundamentov. Novocherkassk: 1971, pp. 88–92.
8. Shelest L.A. Vertical and horizontal deformation of soil during die testing. Trudy NIIOSP. Moscow. NIIOSP, 1972. Vol. 63. (In Russian).
9. Darragh R.D. Controled Water Tests to Pre-load Tank Foundations. Pros. A.S.C.E. Vol. 90, 1964, pp. 303–329.
10. Belloni L.A., Garassini LA., Jamiolkowaki M. Differential Settlments of Petiuleum Steel Tanks. Proc. Conference on Settlements of Structures, Cambridge, pp. 323–328.
11. Konovalov P.A., Usmanov R.A. Investigation of deformations of highly compressible bases of flexible dies and reservoirs. Trudy Dunajsko-Evropejskoj konferencii po mekhanike gruntov i fundamentostroeniyu. Kishinev, 1983. Vol. 3, pp. 107–112. (In Russian).
12. Magnan J.-P., Mieussens C, Queyroi D. Comportements du rembal experimental В a Cubzak – les – Ponts. Revue Francaise de Geotechnique, 5, 1978, pp. 23–26.
13. Holtz R.D., Holm G. Belastningaforsok pa svartmoka. Swedish Geotechnikal Institute, Internal Report to the National Swedish Road Board. 1973, 64 p.
14. Wilkes P.F. An induced failure at a trial embankment at King’s Lynn Norfolk. England. Proc. ASCE Specialty Conference on Performance of Earth and Earth Supported Structures, Purdue University, Lafayette. 1972. Vol. 1 (1), pp. 29–63.
15. Bugrov A.K., Golubev A.I. Stress-strain state of anisotropic bases with regions of maximum equilibrium of soil. Trudy Dunajsko-Evropejskoj konferencii po mekhanike gruntov i funda-mentostroeniyu. Kishinev. 1983, pp. 203–207. (In Russian).

The sequence of calculation of insolation duration of rooms of residential and public buildings and territories according to solar maps for solar maps included in the new GOST P 57792–2017 «Buildings and Structures. Calculation Methods for the Determination of Insolation” with the use of a shadow goniometer is stated. The procedure of calculating the shadow angles for light openings and the construction of shading cartograms of the light opening is defined. The solar maps with equidistant almukantarats developed for various geographic latitudes of Russia are provided. The prospects of the direction of calculation of insolation duration by means of solar maps making it possible to determine both the insolation duration, and the duration of sun protection not only for normative calculation days and months of the year but also for calculation days of any month of the year are noted.

V.A. ZEMTSOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering),
I.A. SHMAROV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering),
V.V. ZEMTSOV, Engineer,
V.A. KOZLOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)

Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy architecture and construction sciences (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow,127238, Russian Federation)

1. Shmarov I.A., Zemtsov V.A., Zemtsov V.V., Kozlov V.A., The updated method calculating time of sun duration for rooms of residential and publicbuildings and territories with insolation charts. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Constraction]. 2018. No. 6, рр. 24–31. (In Russian).
2. Zemtsov V.A., Gagarina E.V. Ecological aspects of insolation of residential and public buildings. BST: Bjulleten’ stroitel’noj tehniki. 2012. No. 2, pp. 38–41. (In Russian).
3. Shmarov I.A., Zemtsov V.A., Korkina E.V. Insolation Practice of Regulation and Calculation. Zhilishhnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 7, pp. 48–53. (In Russian).
4. Zemtsov V.A., Gagarin V.G. Insolation of residential and public buildings. Prospects of development. Academia. Arhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2009. No. 5, pp. 147–151. (In Russian).
5. Shhepetkov N.I. About some shortcomings of norms and techniques of insolation and natural lighting. Svetotehnika. 2006. No. 1, pp. 55–56. (In Russian).
6. Fokin S.G., Bobkova T.E., Shishova M.S. Assessment of the hygienic principles of rationing of insolation in the conditions of the large city on the example of Moscow. Gigiena i sanitarija. 2003. No. 2, рр. 9–10. (In Russian).
7. Kuprijanov V.N., Halikova F.R. About some shortcomings of norms and techniques of insolation and natural lighting. Zhilishhnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2013. No. 6, pp. 50–53. (In Russian).
8. Boubekri M., Hull R.B., Boyer L.L. Impact of window size and sunlight penetration on office workers’ mood and satisfaction. a novel way of assessing sunlight. Environment and Behavior. 1991. V. 23. No. 4, pp. 474–493.
9. Daylight, sunlight and solar gain in the urban environment. Littlefair P. Solar Energy. 2001. V. 70. No. 3, pp. 177–185.
10. Perceived performance of daylighting systems: lighting efficacy and agreeableness. Fontoynont M. Solar Energy. 2002. V. 73. No. 2, pp. 83–94.
11. Danzig N. M. Gigiena osveshenya I insolyazii zdanii i territorii zastroyki gorodov [Hygiene of daylighting and insolation of buildings and urban territories of the cities]. Moscow: BRE, 1971. (In Russian).
12. El Diasty R. Variable positioning of the sun using time duration. Renewable Energy. 1998. V. 14. No. 1–4, pp. 185–191.

The article considers design problems in the BIM-environment. Modern design is moving from the design of drawings in two-dimensional space to information modeling. Design in the BIM environment makes it possible to optimize the process of design and implementation of an object. The transition to information modeling involves solving a number of problems. Such problems include: retraining and training of specialists; organization of interaction of designers in the software complex; change in the approach to design. This study provides an example of the transition of a design organization to a new software environment; experience in retraining of employees; the difficulties encountered during the transition period and after the introduction of software based on BIM are considered.

L.Yu. VOROPAEV¹, General Architect (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.P. MAMUGINA², Candidate of Sciences (Pedagogical Science)

¹ OOO “Proekt Zebra” (36А, Mikluho-Maklaya Street, 117279, Moscow, Russian Federation)
² Tambov State Technical University (106, Sovetskaya Street, Tambov, 392000, Russian Federation)

1. Solovieva E.V., Selvian M.A. The main stages of the introduction of information modeling technology (BIM) in construction organizations. Nauchnye trudy KubGTU. 2016. No. 11, pp. 110–119. (In Russian).
2. Moeller C.F. BIM Building Information Modelling. 2009. 290 p.
3. Elfimova A. G. Investment analysis and cost estimation of the project with the help of BIM. Integraciya partnerstvo i innovacii v stroitelnoj nauke i obrazovanii sbornik materialov mezhdunarodnoj nauchnoj konferencii. Nacionalnyj issledovatelskij Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj stroitelnyj universitet. 2017, pp. 418–421. (In Russian).
4. Barabanova T.A. Use of BIM-technology in the technical maintenance of buildings. Integraciya partnerstvo i innovacii v stroitelnoj nauke i obrazovanii sbornik materialov mezhdunarodnoj nauchnoj konferencii. Nacionalnyj issledovatelskij Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj stroitelnyj universitet. 2017, pp. 807–808. (In Russian).
5. Ginzburg A.V. BIM-technologies during the life cycle of the construction site. Informacionnye resursy Rossii. 2016. No. 5 (153), pp. 28–31. (In Russian).
6. Valter F., ZHeltenkov A.V. Management of projects for the development of medical facilities on the basis of information modeling (Building Information Modeling – BIM). Vestnik MGOU. Seriya Ekonomika. 2015. No. 4, pp. 60–71. (In Russian).
7. Poluektov V. V. The Russian experience of applying BIM in architecture and town planning. Sovremennye tekhnologii i metodiki v arhitekturno-hudozhestvennom obrazovanii materialy mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-metodicheskoj konferencii. 2016, рp. 179–181. (In Russian).
8. SHarmanov V.V., Mamaev A.E., Bolejko A.S., Zolotova Yu.S. Difficulties of phased implementation of BIM. Stroitelstvo unikalnyh zdanij i sooruzhenij. 2015. № 10 (37), pp. 108–120. (In Russian).
9. Reshetnyak S.P., Vasilev S.E. Experience in the use of BIM-technologies in the practice of LLC «SPB-GIPROSHAKHT”. Gornyj informacionno-analiticheskij byulleten nauchno-tekhnicheskij zhurnal. 2015, pp. 327–334. (In Russian).
10. Shirinyan E.A. The experience of the study assignment in the master’s program of MARS on the topic of information modeling of buildings (BIM). Modern technologies and techniques in architectural and artistic education. Materials of the international scientific-methodical conference. 2016, pp. 199–200. (In Russian).
11. Sakmarova L.A., Bahmisova M.A. Application of BIM-technologies in the educational environment of the building faculty of the Chuvash State University. Zhilishnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 10, pp. 11–17. (In Russian).

The negative ecological quality of the modern architectural environment under the conditions of active development of the sub-urbanization in most large and largest cities of the world, forces the modern architecture to look for new optimization ways of its spatial organization. Principally, this improvement can be carried out by an eco-dominant approach to the formation of any urban-architectural components of settlements – buildings, structures, objects of urban environment. Architecturally, this necessitates the formation of the interior environment in terms of a full-fledged recreational aspect through the formation of special spaces for recreation and leisure. Attention is paid to the formation of landscape objects – recreational “green” buildings, structures and phyto-components for recreation and bio-restorative leisure of the population in the suburban environment by integrating the architecture and nature in a single architectural space – buildings and structures, in order to form a highly efficient eco-bio environment, protected against negative anthropogenic influences. Currently, the «green architecture» direction requires the development of scientific foundations of architectural space formation. In the XXI century, this is the most effective way to optimize the urban environment necessary for the megapolises of countries which are in deep environmental crisis.

XIA QING, Master of Architecture (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
I.S. RODIONOVSKAYA, Candidate of Architecture (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (26, Yaroslavskoye Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Krasilnikova E.E., Goncharik A.A. Topical issues of landscape and urban macro systems formation (by the example of the Moscow agglomeration). Sociologiya goroda. 2017. No. 2, pp. 53–61. (In Russian).
2. Mikhailov S.M. to the concept of «landscape design» in the modern man-made environment. Dizajn i tekhnologii. 2010. No. 15 (57), pp. 21–23. (In Russian).
3. Melnichuk I.A. Cityscape: store and decorate. Vestnik. «Zodchij. 21 vek». 2009. No. 1 (30), pp. 86–91. (In Russian).
4. Vasilenko N.A. Recreational and recreational component of the landscape environment of the city. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2008. No. 4, pp. 6–7. (In Russian).
5. Tetior A.N. Ecositilogy-the science of ecological cities. Evrazijskij soyuz uchenyh. 2016. No. 1–2 (22), pp. 138–142. (In Russian).
6. Mirkin B.M., Naumova L.G., Haziakhmetov R.M. Is it possible to ecologize cities «to the maximum»? Ehkologiya i zhizn’. 2008. No. 11, pp. 44–47. (In Russian).
7. Bauer N.V., Shabatura L.N. Culture and tradition in the landscape design of the urban environment. Cennosti i smysly. 2014. No. 2 (30), pp. 155–161. (In Russian).
8. Sidorenko M.V. Prospects of organization of urban green corridors in Minsk (Belarus). Aktual’nye problemy lesnogo kompleksa. 2015. No. 43, pp. 138–142. (In Russian).
9. Strakhova V.N. Ecological diagnostics of the state of green spaces and ecosystems of the city. Gradostroitel’stvo. 2014. No. 6 (34), pp. 53–69. (In Russian).
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12. Tseluiko D.S. Space syntax in the traditional Chinese private garden. Vestnik Tihookeanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2017. No. 4 (47), pp. 151–158. (In Russian).
13. Polyakov E.N., Mikhailova L.V. History of formation, the main varieties of the traditional Chinese garden. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. 2016. No. 6 (59), pp. 9–25. (In Russian).
14. Polyakov E.N., Mikhailova L.V. Compositional features of the traditional Chinese garden. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. 2017. No. 2 (61), pp. 9–31. (In Russian).
15. Qian Yun.ed. Classical Chinese Gardens. Hong Kong: Joint Publishing Company Ltd., 1982.
16. Turner Tom. Asia Gardens: history, beliefs and design. Abingdon, New York: Routledge, 2010.
17. Keswick Maggie.The Chinese Garden. History, art and architecture. London: Frances Lincoln, 2003.
18. Shuvalov V.M. Features of formation and development of leisure facilities in China. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo otkrytogo universiteta. Seriya: Tekhnika i tekhnologiya. 2012. No. 3, pp. 71–77. (In Russian).
19. Grosheva T.I. Planning structure of landscape and recreational objects of different times and epochs and their role in human life historical review. Foreign experience. Arhitekturnye issledovaniya. 2017. No. 1 (9), pp. 80–87. (In Russian).
20. Sevastyanov D.V., Bocharnikova M.V. the Prospects for optimization of recreation nature management in the border areas of Siberia and the Far East. Vestnik SanktPeterburgskogo universiteta. Nauki o Zemle. 2011. No. 2, pp. 111–121. (In Russian).
21. Bazilevich A. M. The Classification and typology of objects of landscape architecture. Tvorchestvo i sovremennost’. 2017. No. 3 (4), pp. 5–11. (In Russian).
22. Zadernyuk L.V. The Development of the spatial organization of traditional houses in Northern China. Dal’nij Vostok: problemy razvitiya arhitekturno-stroitel’nogo kompleksa. 2013. No. 1, pp. 84–88. (In Russian).
23. Ptichnikova G.A., Koroleva O.V. Hybridization of architecture in the city. Sociologiya goroda. 2016. No. 1, pp. 5–17. (In Russian).
24. Enin A.E., Grosheva T.I. System approach to the reconstruction of landscape and recreational spaces. Stroitel’stvo i rekonstrukciya. 2017. No. 4 (72), pp. 101–109. (In Russian).
25. Zykov A.A. Integration prospects and opportunities of strategic development of the Far East. Regional’nye problemy. 2008. No. 9, pp. 105–110. (In Russian).
26. Kerina E.N., Kerina A.R. review of landscape architecture features of the people’s Republic of China. Sovremennye naukoemkie tekhnologii. 2014. No. 8, pp. 45–49. (In Russian).

The article has an overview-analytical character of the development of the private residential country houses architecture in foreign countries in the epoch of postmodernism. Currently, it is relevant to comprehend contemporary creative approaches to the artistic aspect of designing suburban individual dwelling. An analysis of the experience of the postmodern leaders, on a number of concrete examples, made it possible to determine the main ways and directions in search of foreign architects – leaders of postmodernism. The break with traditions, with the environment, peculiarities of a particular place, the lack of plastic means of the art arsenal in the new architecture of the beginning of the 21st century in the housing construction under the conditions of economic recession naturally leads to increased attention to the author’s and stylistic concepts of postmodernists when designing houses. The article considers creative approaches of foreign architecture masters, such as postmodern neoclassicism, neotraditionalism, and neo-regionalism, contextualism, metaphor, which make it possible to solve the problems of the artistic side of the architecture of an individual suburban house.

A.A. HOODIN, Candidate of Architecture (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
O.V. ORELSKAYA, Doctor of Architecture

Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (65, Ilyinskaya Street., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation)

1. Jenks Ch. YAzyk arhitektury postmodernizma [Language of architecture of postmodernism]. M.: Stroyizdat, 1985. 135 p.
2. Jodidio P. Mario Botta. Koln.: Taschen.1999. 176 p.
3. Ryabushin A.V. Arhitektory rubezha tysyacheletij [Architects of a turn of the millennia]. Moscow: Iskusstvo XXI vek, 2005. 82 p.
4. Vеntuгi R. Complexity and contradiction in architecture [Complexity and contradiction in architecture]. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1966. 132 р.
5. Chait V.L. Klassicizm i postmodernizm. Arhitektura Zapada [Classicism and postmodernism. Architecture of the West], kn. 4. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1987. 77 p.
6. Hudin A.A. Postmodernistsy neoclassicism and its versions in architecture of foreign countries. Privolzhskij nauchnyj zhurnal. 2017. No. 4, pp. 110.
7. Hudin A.A. Michael Greyvz’s architecture in aspect of postmodernism. Privolzhskij nauchnyj zhurnal. 2016. No. 1, pp. 139–144.
8. Tovbich V.V. Sovremennaya arhitektura-avtorskij stil’. Sovremennaya arhitektura mira [Modern architecture – author’s style. Modern architecture of the world]. V. 1. Moscow – Saint-Petersburg: Nestor History, 2011. 128 p.

The traditional housing of Palestine in the period of the highest flowering of architecture, which fell on the period of the Ottoman Empire in 1516–1918, is considered. During the period of Turkish domination, Palestinian cities have gone through many stages of prosperity and decline in architecture, and the appearance of cities has changed throughout the whole period of the Ottoman Turks reign. Climatic factors of the organization of housing construction are considered as one of the main in terms of space-planning and structural solutions at the early stage of the city development. The volume-planning solutions of dwellings, traditional construction techniques, finishing materials and architectural details of buildings of 1516–1918 are presented. The periodization of architecture of the period considered, the main typology of residential buildings in accordance with the volume-planning and structural characteristics, as well as the time of construction are given.

E.T. ISMAIL, Magister (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
M.V. ZOLOTAREVA, Candidate of Architecture

Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, 2-ya Krasnoarmeiskaya st., St. Petersburg, 190005, Russian Federation)

1. Vseobshchaya Istoriya Arhitektury v 12 tomah. Arhitektura stran Sredizemnomor’ya. Mirovaya arhitektura [The General history of Architecture in 12 volumes. Architecture of the Mediterranean countries. World architecture]. Moscow: Kristall, 2002. 485 p.
2. Kilimnik E.V. The architecture of the castles of knights-crusaders of the XI–XIII centuries in the middle East. Privolzhskij nauchnyj vestnik. 2015. No. 10 (50), pp. 70–78. (In Russian).
3. Kozodaeva N. Istrian architectural forms. Analitika kul’turologii. 2010. No. 17, pp. 202–215. (In Russian).
4. Korotkova M.V. The history of the home: from ancient to modern. Moscow: Novyj hronograf, 2013. 432 p.
5. Mirovaya arhitektura: istoriya, stili, napravleniya. Ogyust SHuazi [World architecture: history, styles, trends. Auguste Choisy]. Moscow: Eksmo, 2010. 540 p.
6. Pankratova A.A., Solovyev A.K. Problems of preservation and use of historic buildings in the modern architecture of the city. Vestnik MGSU. 2015. No. 7, pp. 7–16. (In Russian).
7. Halina F.R. AArhitektura. Terminologicheskij slovar’ [Architecture. Terminological dictionary]. Orenburg: IPK GOU OGU, 2008. 202 p.
8. Chernyshev S.N., Elmanova E.L. factor of absence of wood in the formation of the style of Muslim architecture. Vestnik MGSU. 2015. No. 2, pp. 7–20. (In Russian).
9. Canaan T. The Palestinian Arab house. It’s architecture and folklore. Jerusalem. Syrian orphanage press, 1933. 389 p.
10. Directory of Historic Preservation Center: Bethlehem. Cultural Heritage Preservation Center. Bethlehem. 2014. 59 p.
11. Fuches Ron. The Palestinian house: The Ottoman connection. The university of Warwick, UK 1996, pp. 148–157.
12. Moheisen Ahmed, Heritage Buildings: Models of Energy-Saving Architecture, Scientific Lecture, Islamic University, Gaza 2009, pp. 89–106.
13. Osama Al Essah. Marсus Nassar. The maker of the glories of the Bethlehem urban. New Life. 2016. No. 35, pp. 3–4.
14. The Syriac Hosh. A rehabilitation project. Centre for cultural heritage preservation, Bethlehem. 2013. 97 p.

The main provisions of the architecture of the folk dwelling in classical traditional form, reflecting the aesthetic ideals, tastes and preferences of their time are considered. The relevance of the selected topic is determined by the need to preserve the unique cultural heritage for solving socio-cultural and socio-economic problems. The national traditions of the becoming and formation of housing within the geographical boundaries of the study, namely the Kuban and Belarus, in the process of a long period of development of the material and spiritual culture of these regions are revealed. The fundamental, enduring characteristics of the structure of the urban and rural settlements under investigation are indicated. The analysis of local natural materials, the availability of which in these regions was reflected in the arrangement of residential buildings, is made. A special role belongs to the spatial organization of residential areas, settlement systems, which are a territorially integrated and functionally interconnected set of settlements.

O.S. SUBBOTIN, Doctor of Architecture (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin (13, Kalinina Street, Krasnodar, 350044, Russian Federation)

1. Subbotin O.S. The most important stages of the development of the Kuban and the strategy of its development. Vestnik MGSU. 2011. No. 2–2, pp. 14–18. (In Russian).
2. Tradicionnoe zhilishche narodov Rossii: XIX – nachalo XX v. [Traditional dwelling of the peoples of Russia: XIX – early XX century]. Moscow: Nauka, 1997. 397 p.
3. Kubanskie stanicy: ehtnicheskie i kul’turno-bytovye processy na Kubani [Kuban villages: ethnic and cultural processes in the Kuban]. Moscow: Nauka, 1967. 355 p.
4. Subbotin O.S. The development of settlement systems and distinctive features in the layout of populated areas of the Kuban. Zhilishnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 11, pp. 16–22. (In Russian).
5. Subbotin O.S. The folk architecture of the traditional Kuban dwelling. Zhilishnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing construction]. 2012. No. 8, pp. 18–22. (In Russian).
6. Kositsky Y.V. Arhitekturno-planirovochnoe razvitie gorodov [Architectural and planning development of cities]. Moscow: Arhitektura-S, 2005. 648 p.
7. Chanturia Ju.V. Gradostroitel’noe iskusstvo Belarusi vtoroj poloviny XVI – pervoj poloviny XIX v.: Srednevekovoe nasledie, Renessans, barokko, klassicizm [Town-planning art of Belarus in the second half of the XVI – first half of the XIX century: Medieval Heritage, Renaissance, Baroque, Classicism]. Minsk: Belorusskaya nauka,, 2005. 375 p.
8. Anikin V.I. Arhitektura sovetskoj Belorussii [The architecture of Soviet Byelorussia]. Moscow: Strojizdat, 1986. 319 p.
9. Lazarev A.G. Arhitektura i gradostroitel’stvo YUga Rossii [Architecture and Urban Planning in the South of Russia]. Rostov-on-Don: Terra, 2003. 314 p.
10. Subbotin O.S. Features of regeneration of quarters of historical building. Zhilishnoe Stroitelstvo [Housing Construction]. 2012. No. 10, pp. 22–25. (In Russian).

The present sub-urbanistic development of the cities of China connected with the formation of high-rise and high-density development with reducing natural components is accompanied by a sharp deterioration of the environmental ecological quality. Under these conditions, it is extremely necessary to create a full-fledged recreational space for recreation and leisure of the population, at that in the ethno-stylistic of China. Attention is paid to the main stylistic aspects of the organization of the eco-environment of landscape and recreational spaces, historically formed in China. It is shown that modern architects should provide not only the high-rational use of the territory with due regard for the functional purpose of the object and its planning structure, features of affordability and pedestrian movement on the territory, it is necessary to provide reasonable inclusion in the planning structure of the territories of natural components and means of landscape design which significantly reduce the negative impact of anthropogenic environment and negative nature-climatic conditions (excess temperature, humidity, insolation, aeration etc.). The formation of Ecopolis is the main task of modern architecture.

I.S. RODIONOVSKAYA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
XIA QING, master of architecture (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (26, Yaroslavskoye Highway, 129337, Moscow, Russian Federation)

1. Grosheva T.I. Planning structure of landscape and recreational objects of different times and epochs and their role in human life historical review. Foreign experience. Arhitekturnye issledovaniya. 2017. No. 1 (9), pp. 80–87. (In Russian).
2. Sevastyanov D.V., Bocharnikova M.V. the Prospects for optimization of recreation nature management in the border areas of Siberia and the Far East. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Nauki o Zemle. 2011. No. 2, pp. 111–121. (In Russian).
3. Shuvalov V.M. Features of formation and development of leisure facilities in China. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo otkrytogo universiteta. Moskva. Seriya: Tekhnika i tekhnologiya. 2012. No. 3, pp. 71–77. (In Russian).
4. Zadernyuk L.V. The Development of the spatial organization of traditional houses in Northern China. Dal’nij Vostok: problemy razvitiya arhitekturno-stroitel’nogo kompleksa. 2013. No. 1, pp. 84–88. (In Russian).
5. Ptichnikova G.A., Koroleva O.V. Hybridization of architecture in the city. Urban Sociology. 2016. No. 1, pp. 5–17. (In Russian).
6. Enin A.E., Grosheva T.I. System approach to the reconstruc-tion of landscape and recreational spaces. Stroitel’stvo i rekonstrukciya. 2017. No. 4 (72), pp. 101–109. (In Russian).
7. Zykov A.A. Integration prospects and opportunities of strategic development of the Far East. Regional’nye problemy. 2008. No. 9, pp. 105–110. (In Russian).
8. Nikolaev V.A. the Doctrine of anthropogenic landscapes-scientific and methodological core of Geoecology. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5: Geografiya. 2005. No. 2, pp. 35–44. (In Russian).
9. Kerina E.N., Kerina A.R. review of landscape architecture features of the people’s Republic of China. Sovremennye naukoemkie tekhnologii. 2014. No. 8, pp. 45–49. (In Russian).
10. Unagaeva N.A. Ecological-oriented landscape design. Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2014. No. 5 (166), pp. 149–154. (In Russian).
11. Menzies D. landscape architecture reflects the values of society. Vestnik. «Zodchij. 21 vek». 2015. No. 2–2 (55), pp. 50–51. (In Russian).
12. Bykova G.I., Kostochkina O.V., Larina O.P. Parks instead of landfills. Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel’. 2017. No. 9, pp. 36–46. (In Russian).
13. Ignatieva M.M. Man and nature: common priorities. Arhitektura. Stroitel’stvo. Dizajn. 2008. No. 4, pp. 56–59. (In Russian).
14. Mikhailov S.M. to the concept of «landscape design» in the modern man-made environment. Dizajn i tekhnologii. 2010. No. 15 (57) , pp. 21–23. (In Russian).
15. Melnichuk I.A. Cityscape: store and decorate. Vestnik. «Zodchij. 21 vek». 2009. No. 1 (30) , pp. 86–91. (In Russian).
16. Tetior A.N. Ecositilogy-the science of ecological cities. Evrazijskij soyuz uchenyh. 2016. No. 1–2 (22), pp. 138–142. (In Russian).
17. Mirkin B.M., Naumova L.G., Haziakhmetov R.M. Is it possible to ecologize cities «to the maximum»? Ehkologiya i zhizn’. 2008. No. 11, pp. 44–47. (In Russian).
18. Bauer N.V., Shabatura L.N. Culture and tradition in the landscape design of the urban environment. Cennosti i smysly. 2014. No. 2 (30), pp. 155–161. (In Russian).
19. Strakhova V.N. Ecological diagnostics of the state of green spaces and ecosystems of the city. Gradostroitel’stvo. 2014. No. 6 (34) , pp. 53–69. (In Russian).
20. Golosova E.V. Theory of the national Chinese garden. Vestnik Tambovskogo universiteta. Seriya: Gumanitarnye nauki. 2010. No. 10 (90), pp. 197–201. (In Russian).
21. Golosova E.V. The Art of the traditional Chinese garden. Lesnoj vestnik. Forestry Bulletin. 2003. No. 1, pp. 47–58. (In Russian).
22. Tseluiko, D.S. Space syntax in the traditional Chinese private garden. Vestnik Tihookeanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2017. No. 4 (47) , pp. 151–158. (In Russian).
23. Polyakov E.N., Mikhailova L.V. history of formation, the main varieties of the traditional Chinese garden. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. 2016. No. 6 (59) , pp. 9–25. (In Russian).
24. Polyakov E.N., Mikhailova L.V. Compositional features of the traditional Chinese garden. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. 2017. No. 2 (61) , pp. 9–31. (In Russian).
25. Qian Yun.ed. Classical Chinese Gardens. Hong Kong: Joint Publishing Company Ltd., 1982.
26. Turner Tom. Asia Gardens: history, beliefs and design. Abingdon, New York: Routledge, 2010.
27. Keswick Maggie.The Chinese Garden. History, art and architecture. London: Frances Lincoln, 2003.

Issues of providing acoustic comfort conditions on the territory and in buildings of the innovation center “Skolkovo” in the area of the multifunctional multimodal transport hub (MMTH) are considered. Main sources of the impacting external noise, road traffic flows on the Minsk highway and the flows of trains on the railway section of the Belarusian direction, are described. Their statistical noise characteristics based on the results of field measurements in the present period of time and the results of calculations for the future are presented. Distances from external noise sources to the boundaries of acoustic discomfort zones are determined. The results of calculations of the expected equivalent and maximum noise levels at the setting out points on the territory of the MMTH and on the facades of the 21-storey building of the business center «Orbion», the closest to the sources of external noise, and therefore the most exposed to their adverse effects, are analyzed. The set of measures recommended for optimization of the noise mode of MMTH objects is described.

V.A. AISTOV, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy architecture and construction sciences (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow,127238, Russian Federation)

1. L.C. (Eelco) den Boer, A. (Arno) Schroten. Traffic noise reduction in Europe. Health effects, social costs and technical and policy options to reduce road and rail traffic noise [Elec-tronic resource]. Report. Delft, August 2007. 70 p. DOI 07.4451.27.
2. GOST 20444–2014. Noise. Traffic flows. Methods of defini-tion of the noise characteristic. Moscow: Standartinform. 2015. 18 p.
3. Gmurman V.E. Teoriya veroyatnostey i matematicheskoy statistiki [Probability theory and mathematical statistics]. Moscow: Yurayt. 2012. 480 p.
4. SP 276.1325800.2016. Buildings and territories. Rules of design of protection against noise of traffic flows. Moscow: Minstroy Rossii. 2016. 85 p.
5. Methodical recommendations about assessment of necessary decrease in a sound at settlements and to determination of the required acoustic efficiency of screens taking into account sound absorption. Moscow: Rosavtodor. 2003. 45 p.
6. D. Thompson. Railway noise and vibration: The use of appropriate models to solve practical problems. International Congress on Sound and Vibration. Beijing. 13–14 July 2014, pp. 1–16.
7. Aistov V.A., Shubin I.L., Nikolov N.D. Assessment of influence of noise of railway trains on residential territories and a complex of actions for his decrease. Academia. Arhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2009. No. 5, pp. 216–223. (In Russian).
8. Sanitarnye normy SN 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96. Noise in workplaces, in rooms of residential, public buildings and in the territory of the housing estate. Moscow: Minzdrav Rossii. 1997. 20 p. (In Russian).
9. GOST R 56769-2015 (ISO 717-1:2013). Buildings and constructions. Assessment of sound insulation of air noise. Moscow: Standartinform. 2016. 20 p.
10. Spravochnik proektirovshchika. Zashchita ot shuma [Reference book by the designer. Protection against noise]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1993. 96 p.
11. B. Kotzen, C. English. Environmental noise barriers. A guide to their acoustic and visual design. London, New York: Tailor & Francis. 2009. 257 p.